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| 1 | Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis:A comparison of different strategies显示文摘Patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices bleed at a yearly rate of 5%-15%,and,when variceal hemorrhage develops,mortality reaches 20%.Patients are deemed at high risk of bleeding when they present with medium or large-sized varices,when they have red signs on varices of any size and when they are classified as Child-Pugh C and have varices of any size.In order to avoid variceal bleeding and death,individuals with cirrhosis at high risk of bleeding must undergo primary prophylaxis,for which currently recommended strategies are the use of traditional non-selective beta-blockers(NSBBs)(i.e.,propranolol or nadolol),carvedilol(a NSBB with additional alpha-adrenergic blocking effect)or endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL).The superiority of one of these alternatives over the others is controversial.While EVL might be superior to pharmacological therapy regarding the prevention of the first bleeding episode,either traditional NSBBs or carvedilol seem to play a more prominent role in mortality reduction,probably due to their capacity of preventing other complications of cirrhosis through the decrease in portal hypertension.A sequential strategy,in which patients unresponsive to pharmacological therapy would be submitted to endoscopic treatment,or the combination of pharmacological and endoscopic strategies might be beneficial and deserve further investigation. | Ângelo Zambam de Mattos Carlos Terra Alberto Queiroz Farias Paulo Lisboa Bittencourt Alliance of Brazilian Centers for Cirrhosis Care–the ABC Group | 2021 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2021，13，12： | 8 |
| 2 | Effects of intermittent fasting on health markers in those with type 2 diabetes:A pilot study显示文摘AIM To determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting(IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS We describe a three-phase observational study(baseline 2 wk, intervention 2 wk, follow-up 2 wk) designed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and tolerability of IF in community-dwelling volunteer adults with T2DM. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physical activity measurements(using the Yale Physical Activity Survey) were taken at the end of each phase. Participants reported morning, afternoon and evening self-monitored blood glucose(SMBG) and fasting duration on a daily basis throughout all study stages, in addition to completing a remote food photography diary three times within each study phase. Fasting blood samples were collected on the final days of each study phase. RESULTS At baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese [mean body mass index(BMI) 36.90 kg/m^2]. We report here that a short-term periodof IF in a small group of individuals with T2DM led to significant group decreases in weight(-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BMI(-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose(SMBG). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. There was a significant increase(P < 0.001) in daily hours fasted in the IF phase(+5.22 h), although few attained the 18-20 h fasting goal(mean 16.82 ± 1.18). The increased fasting duration improved at-goal(< 7.0 mmol/L) morning SMBG to 34.1%, from a baseline of 13.8%. Ordinal Logistic Regression models revealed a positive relationship between the increase in hours fasted and fasting glucose reaching target values(χ~2 likelihood ratio = 8.36, P = 0.004) but not for afternoon or evening SMBG(all P > 0.1). Postprandial SMBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose variation. Neither insulin resistance(HOMAIR), nor inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein) normalized during the IF phase. IF led to an overall spontaneous decrease in caloric intake as measured by food photography(Remote Food Photography Method). The data demonstrated discernable trends during IF for lower energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake when compared to baseline. Physical activity, collected by a standardized measurement tool(Yale Physical Activity Survey), increased during the intervention phase and subsequently decreased in the follow-up phase. IF was well tolerated in the majority of individuals with 6/10 participants stating they would continue with the IF regimen after the completion of the study, in a full or modified capacity(i.e., every other day or reduced fasting hours).CONCLUSION The results from this pilot study indicate that shortterm daily IF may be a safe, tolerable, dietary intervention in T2DM patients that may improve key outcomes including body weight, fasting glucose and postprandial variability. These findings should be viewed as exploratory, and a larger, longer study is necessary to corroborate these findings. | Terra G Arnason Matthew W Bowen Kerry D Mansell | 2017 | World Journal of Diabetes2017，8，4： | 7 |
| 3 | Renal failure in cirrhosis: Emerging concepts显示文摘Acute renal failure, now termed acute kidney injury(AKI), is frequently found in patients with cirrhosis. The occurrence of AKI, irrespective of the underlying cause, is associated with reduced in-hospital, 3-mo and 1-year survival. Hepatorenal syndrome is associated with the worst outcome among AKI patients with cirrhosis. Several definitions for AKI that have been proposed are outlined and evaluated in this paper. Among these, the International Club for Ascites-AKI criteria substantially strengthen the quality of early diagnosis and intervention according to underlying cause of AKI. | Paulo Lisboa Bittencourt Alberto Queiroz Farias Carlos Terra | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，21： | 5 |
| 4 | Current cancer therapies and their influence on glucose control显示文摘This review focuses on the development of hyperglycemia arising from widely used cancer therapies spanning four drug classes.These groups of medications were selected due to their significant association with new onset hyperglycemia,or of potentially severe clinical consequences when present.These classes include glucocorticoids that are frequently used in addition to chemotherapy treatments,and the antimetabolite class of 5-fluorouracil-related drugs.Both of these classes have been in use in cancer therapy since the 1950s.Also considered are the phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)-inhibitors that provide cancer response advantages by disrupting cell growth,proliferation and survival signaling pathways,and have been in clinical use as early as 2007.The final class to be reviewed are the monoclonal antibodies selected to function as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).These were first used in 2011 for advanced melanoma and are rapidly becoming widely utilized in many solid tumors.For each drug class,the literature has been reviewed to answer relevant questions about these medications related specifically to the characteristics of the hyperglycemia that develops with use.The incidence of new glucose elevations in euglycemic individuals,as well as glycemic changes in those with established diabetes has been considered,as has the expected onset of hyperglycemia from their first use.This comparison emphasizes that some classes exhibit very immediate impacts on glucose levels,whereas other classes can have lengthy delays of up to 1 year.A comparison of the spectrum of severity of hyperglycemic consequences stresses that the appearance of diabetic ketoacidosis is rare for all classes except for the ICIs.There are distinct differences in the reversibility of glucose elevations after treatment is stopped,as the mTOR inhibitors and ICI classes have persistent hyperglycemia long term.These four highlighted drug categories differ in their underlying mechanisms driving hyperglycemia,with clinical presentations ranging from potent yet transient insulin resistant states[type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)-like]to rare permanent insulin-deficient causes of hyperglycemia.Knowledge of the relative incidence of new onset hyperglycemia and the underlying causes are critical to appreciate how and when to best screen and treat patients taking any of these cancer drug therapies. | Carly Yim Kerry Mansell Nassrein Hussein Terra Arnason | 2021 | World Journal of Diabetes2021，12，7： | 5 |
| 5 | Geomorphosites: Concepts,methods and examples of geomorphological survey显示文摘Some fundamental concepts on geosites and particularly on geomorphological assets (geomorphosites) are reviewed and a methodology for their survey and assessment is presented and pointed out. Also, a case study in the province of Modena is presented. | Mario PanizzaDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Largo S. Eufemia 19-41100, Modena, Italy (e-mail: pit?unimo.it) | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，S1： | 4 |
| 6 | Diagnosing, planning and evaluating osteochondral ankle defects with imaging modalities显示文摘This current concepts review outlines the role of diffe-rent imaging modalities in the diagnosis, preoperative planning, and follow-up of osteochondral ankle defects. An osteochondral ankle defect involves the articular cartilage and subchondral bone(usually of the talus) and is mostly caused by an ankle supination trauma. Conventional radiographs are useful as an initial imaging tool in the diagnostic process, but have only moderate sensitivity for the detection of osteochondral defects. Computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are more accurate imaging modalities. Recently, ultrasonography and single photon emission CT have been described for the evaluation of osteochondral talar defects. CT is the most valuable modality for assessing the exact location and size of bony lesions. Cartilage and subchondral bone damage can be visualized using MRI, but the defect size tends to be overestimated due to bone edema. CT with the ankle in full plantar flexion has been shown a reliable tool for preoperative planning of the surgical approach. Postoperative imaging is useful for objective assessment of repair tissue or degenerative changes of the ankle joint. Plain radiography, CT and MRI have been used in outcome studies, and different scoring systems are available. | Christiaan JA van Bergen Rogier M Gerards Kim TM Opdam Maaike P Terra Gino MMJ Kerkhoffs | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，11： | 3 |
| 7 | What can natural edges of gallery forests teach us about woody community performance in sharp ecotones?显示文摘Aims The diversity and structure of forest edges are a central issue in ecology.However,most studies have focused on anthropogenic for-est edges,being natural ones least understood.We studied the com-munities of shrubs and trees in natural edges of gallery forests with the main goal of learning what are the main factors that shape the structure and diversity of these natural sharp ecotones.Methods We evaluated 10 gallery forest sites,allocating in each of them three 15×20 m plots.The plots were laid out in relatively rectilinear stretches of forest edges,respecting a minimal distance of 10 m between each plot.As they are permanent plots and meant to study eventual fluctuations in the forest-grasslands limits,we allocated the plots with their longest side parallel to the forest edge and covering perpendicularly 5 m of the grassland and 10 m of forest.Inside the plots we identified,mapped and measured all shrub and tree individuals with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm.Important Findings Although many differences exist among the communities in terms of density and basal area,all of them were highly dense and had relatively low basal areas.In addition,both the number of individu-als and the basal area increased rapidly towards the forest interior.Our results also revealed that the edge communities are composed mainly by small individuals that demand a great amount of light.Both the vertical stratification and the proportion of the functional groups are similar among the sites yet change quickly in the first 10 m of the forest edge.However,the floristic similarities were low among the communities mainly due to the species turnover within each area.Therefore,although the overall structure is constant in the studied edges,the low floristic similarity among them possibly indicates that the species within the same functional groups are sub-stituting each other across the sites.Despite older and seemingly stable,our results showed the gallery forest edges are quite similar to the anthropogenic edges or recent clearings.This points out that,independent of the age,those characteristics are possibly permanent in edges. | Gabriela Aparecida de Oliveira Coelho Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos Terra Hisaias de Souza Almeida Eduardo van den Berg | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Renal Failure in Patients With Cirrhosis and Sepsis Unrelated to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Value of MELD Score显示文摘 | Carlos Terra Mónica Guevara Aldo Torre Rosa Gilabert Javier Fernández Marta Martín-Llahí Maria E. Baccaro Miquel Navasa Conxita Bru Vicente Arroyo Juan Rodés Pere Ginès | 2005 | Gastroenterology2005，，6： | 2 |
| 9 | Challenges in the diagnosis of intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B:A look beyond the number of ganglion cells显示文摘Intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B(IND-B)is a controversial condition among gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders.Constipation is its most common clinical manifestation in patients.Despite intense scientific research,there are still knowledge gaps regarding the diagnostic criteria for IND-B in the histopathological analysis of rectal biopsies.The guidelines published in the past three decades have directed diagnostic criteria for quantifying the number of ganglion cells in the nervous plexus of the enteric nervous system.However,it is very complex to distinguish numerically what is pathological from what is normal,mainly because of the difficulty in determining a reliable control group composed of healthy children without intestinal symptoms.Thus,a series of immunohistochemical markers have been proposed to assist in the histopathological analysis of the enteric nervous system.Several of these markers facilitate the identification of other structures of the enteric nervous system,in addition to ganglion cells.These structures may be related to the etiopathogenesis of IND-B and represent new possibilities for the histopathological diagnosis of this disease,providing a view beyond the number of ganglion cells.This review critically discusses the aspects related to the disease definitions and diagnostic criteria of this organic cause of constipation. | Simone Antunes Terra Anderson Cesar Gonçalves Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção Maria Aparecida Marchesan Rodrigues | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，44： | 2 |
| 10 | Albumin for bacterial infections other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. A randomized, controlled study显示文摘 | Mónica Guevara Carlos Terra André Nazar Elsa Solà Javier Fernández Marco Pavesi Vicente Arroyo Pere Ginès | 2012 | Journal of Hepatology2012，，4： | 2 |
| 11 | A fault tolerance framework for cooperative robotic manipulators显示文摘 | Tinos R Terra M H | 2007 | Control Engineering Practice2007，15，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Robust Kalman filter for descriptor systems显示文摘 | Ishihara Joao Y Terra Marco H Campos Jose C T | 2006 | IEEE Trans on Automatic Control2006，51，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Grape-seed procyanidins prevent low-grade inflammation by modulating cyto- kine expression in rats fed a high-fat diet显示文摘 | Ximena Terra Gemma Montagut Mario Bustos | 2009 | Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry2009，20，： | 1 |
| 14 | Insect digestive enzymes:properties compartmentalization and function显示文摘 | Terra WR Ferreira C | 1994 | Comp Biochem Physiol1994，109，： | 1 |
| 15 | Regulation of hemolymph osmolytes and gill Na^+/K^+-ATPase activities during acclimation to saline in the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium olfersii(Wiegmann,1836)(Decapoda,Palaemonidae)显示文摘 | Lima A G McNamara J C Terra W R | 1997 | J Exp Mar Biol Ecol1997，215，： | 1 |
| 16 | Aberrant promoter methylation can be useful as a marker of recurrent disease in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade Ⅲ 显示文摘 | Terra AP Murta EF Maluf PJ | 2007 | Tumori2007，93，： | 1 |
| 17 | Plant defensins as components of the host defense system显示文摘 | Terras F R G Cammue B P A | 1995 | Physiology1995，108，： | 1 |
| 18 | Aberrant promoter methylation can be useful as a marker of recurrent disease in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade IU 显示文摘 | TERRA AP MURTA EF MALUF PJ | 2007 | Tumori2007，93，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Selecting an outcome measurefor evaluating treatment in fecal incontinence显示文摘 | Deutekom M Terra MP Dobben AC | 2005 | Dis Colon Rectum2005，48，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Depressive symptoms are associated with unhealthy lifestyles in hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndrome 显示文摘 | BONNET F IRVING K TERRA J L | 2005 | Hypertension2005，23，： | 1 |
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