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| 1 | Hepatitis C virus genotypes distribution and transmission risk factors in Luxembourg from 1991 to 2006显示文摘AIM:To analyze the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution and transmission risk factors in a population of unselected patients in Luxembourg. METHODS:Epidemiological information (gender, age and transmission risks) were collected from 802 patients newly diagnosed for hepatitis C and living in Luxembourg, among whom 228 patients referred from prison. Genotyping using 5'noncoding (5'NC) sequencing was performed. We compared categorical data using the Fisher's exact F-test and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for evaluating association of HCV genotype and risk factors. RESULTS:The sex ratio was predominantly male (2.2) and individuals aged less than 40 years represented 49.6% of the population. Genotype 1 was predominant (53.4%) followed by genotype 3 (33%). Among risk factors, intravenous drug usage (IVDU) was the most frequently reported (71.4%) followed by medical-related transmission (17.6%) including haemophilia, transfusion recipients and other nosocomial reasons. Genotype 3 was significantly associated to IVDU (OR = 4.84, P < 0.0001) whereas genotype 1 was significantly associated with a medical procedure (OR = 2.42, P < 0.001). The HCV genotype distribution from inmate patients differed significantly from the rest of the population (Chi-square test with four degrees of freedom, P < 0.0001) with a higher frequency of genotype 3 (46.5% vs 27.5%) and a lower frequency of genotype 1 and 4 (44.7% vs 56.8% and 5.3% vs 9.6%, respectively). IVDU was nearly exclusively reported as a risk factor in prison. CONCLUSION:We report the first description of the HCV genotype distribution in Luxembourg. The repartition is similar to other European countries, with one of the highest European prevalence rates of genotype 3 (33%). Since serology screening became available in 1991, IVDU remains the most common way of HCV transmission in Luxembourg. | Francois Roman Karin Hawotte Daniel Struck Anne-Marie Ternes Jean-Yves Servais Vic Arendt Patrick Hoffman Robert Hemmer Thérèse Staub Carole Seguin-Devaux Jean-Claude Schmit | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，8： | 3 |
| 2 | Determination of anti- biotics in different water compartments via liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Hirsch R Ternes T A Haberer K | 1998 | Journal of Chromatography A1998，815，： | 1 |
| 3 | Irrigation of treated wastewater in Braunschweig, option to remove pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances 显示文摘 | TERNES T A BONERZ M HERRMANN N | 2007 | Chemosphere2007，66，5： | 1 |
| 4 | A compact power-efficient 3V CMOS rail-to-rail input/output operational amplifier for VLSI cell libraries显示文摘 | Tern J P Eschauzier R G H | 1994 | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits1994，29，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers 显示文摘 | Ternes T A | 1998 | Water Reseach1998，32，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Chemosphere 显示文摘 | WITTE J BUTHE A TERNES W | 2000 | 41: 529-5392000，41，： | 1 |
| 7 | Fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge显示文摘 | CARBALLA M OMIL F TERNES T | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 8 | A rapid method to measure the solid-water distribution coefficient ( Kδ ) for pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in sewage sludge 显示文摘 | Ternes T A Herrmann N Bonerz M | 2004 | Water Res2004，38，： | 1 |
| 9 | Estrogenicity of solid phase-extracted water samples from two municipal sewage treatment plant effluents and fiver Rhine water using the yeast estrogen screen 显示文摘 | Pawlowski S Ternes T A Bonerz M | 2004 | Toxicol in Vitro2004，18，1： | 1 |
| 10 | A study of availability-centered preventive maintenance for multi-component systems显示文摘 | You Tern Tsai Kuo Shong Wang Lin Chang Tsai | 2004 | Reliability Engineering & System Safety2004，84，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Removal of pharmaceuticals during drinking water treatment 显示文摘 | Ternes T A Meisenheimer M McDowell D | 2002 | Environmental Science and Technology2002，36，17： | 1 |
| 12 | Fate of pharmaceu- tical and personal care products (PPCPs) during anae- robic digestion of sewage sludge显示文摘 | Carballa M Omil F Ternes T | 2007 | Water Res2007，41，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Impact of antibiotics on conjugational resistance gene transfer in Staphylococcus aureus in sewage 显示文摘 | Ohlsen K Ternes T Werncr G | 2003 | Environ Mierobiol2003，5，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Occurrence of an- tibiotics in the aquatic environment 显示文摘 | Hirsch R Ternes T Haberer K | 1999 | Sci Total Envi- ron1999，225，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers显示文摘 | TERNES T A | 1998 | Water Research1998，32，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Pharmaceuticals and personal care prod-ucts in the environment:Agents of subtle change?显示文摘 | DAUGHTON C G TERNES T A | 1999 | Environ HealthPerspect1999，107，： | 1 |
| 17 | Antioxidative constituents of Rosmari- nus officinalis and Salvia officinalis Ⅱ显示文摘 | Schwarz K Ternes W | 1992 | Zeitschrift Fur Lebens- mittel-untersuchun Und-forschung1992，195，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment 显示文摘 | Hirsch R Ternes T Haberer K | 1999 | Science of the Total Environment1999，225，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Removal of estrogens in municipal wastewater treatment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions : consequences for plant optimization显示文摘 | Joss A Anderson H Ternes T | 2004 | Environ Sci Technol2004，38，11： | 1 |
| 20 | A sensitive method for the determination of iodine containing diagnostic agents in aqueous matrices using LC-electruspray-tandem-MS detection显示文摘 | Hirsch R Ternes T A Lindart A | 2000 | Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry2000，366，8： | 1 |
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