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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Multimedia data-embedding and watermarking technologies 显示文摘 | Swanson M Kobayashi M Tewfik A | 1998 | Proceedings of the IEEE1998，86，6： | 2 |
| 3 | Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking显示文摘 | Swanson M Zhu B TewfikA | 1998 | Signal Processing1998，66，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Evidence of preservation injury to bile ducts by bile salts in the pig and its prevention by infusions of hydrophilic bile salts显示文摘 | Hertl M Harvey P R Swanson P E | 1995 | Hepatology1995，21，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Human enamel thickness and ENAM polymorphism显示文摘The tooth enamel development gene, enamelin(ENAM), showed evidence of positive selection during a genome-wide scan of human and primate DNA for signs of adaptive evolution. The current study examined the hypothesis that a single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) C14625T(rs7671281) in the ENAM gene identified in the genome-wide scan is associated with a change in enamel phenotype. African Americans were selected as the target population, as they have been reported to have a target SNP frequency of approximately 50%, whereas non-Africans are predicted to have a 96% SNP frequency. Digital radiographs and DNA samples from 244 teeth in 133 subjects were analysed, and enamel thickness was assessed in relation to SNP status,controlling for age, sex, tooth number and crown length. Crown length was found to increase with molar number, and females were found to have thicker enamel. Teeth with larger crowns also had thicker enamel, and older subjects had thinner enamel.Linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to investigate the relationship between enamel thickness of the mandibular molars and ENAM SNP status; enamel in subjects with the derived allele was significantly thinner(P = 0.040)when the results were controlled for sex, age, tooth number and crown length. The derived allele demonstrated a recessive effect on the phenotype. The data indicate that thinner dental enamel is associated with the derived ENAM genotype. This is the first direct evidence of a dental gene implicated in human adaptive evolution as having a phenotypic effect on an oral structure. | Diane M Daubert Joanna L Kelley Yuriy G Udod Carolina Habor Chris G Kleist Ilona K Furman Igor N Tikonov Willie J Swanson Frank A Roberts | 2016 | International Journal of Oral Science2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Robust Audio Watermarking Using Perceptual Masking显示文摘 | Swanson M D Zhu Bin Tewfik A H | 1998 | Signal Processing1998，66，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Aplysamine-1 and related analogs as histamine H3 receptor antagonists显示文摘 | SWANSON D M WILSON S J BOGGS J D | 2006 | Bioorg Med Chem Lett2006，16，4： | 1 |
| 8 | , Efficient isolation of microspores and the production of mtcrospore-de-rlved embryos from Brawca napus显示文摘 | Swanson E B Coumans M P Wu S C | 1987 | Plant Cell Rep1987，6，： | 1 |
| 9 | Multimedia data embedding and watermarking techniques 显示文摘 | SWANSON M D KOBAYASHI M TEWFIK A H | 1998 | Proceedings of the IEEE1998，86，6： | 1 |
| 10 | IgE and IgG antibodies to beta-propiolactone and human serum albumin associated with urticarial reactions to rabies vaccine 显示文摘 | Swanson MC Rosanoff E Gurwith M | 1987 | J Infect Dis1987，155，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Low plasma D - dimer concentration predicts the absence of traumatic brain injury in children显示文摘 | SWANSON C A BURNS J C PETERSON B M | 2010 | J Trauma2010，65，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Functional MR of frontal lobe activation: comparison with Wada language results显示文摘 | Yetkin FZ Swanson S Fischer M | 1998 | AJNR Am J Neuroradiol1998，19，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Epigenetic regulation of milk production in dairy cows显示文摘 | Singh K Erdman R A Swanson K M | 2010 | Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia2010，15，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Characterization of the interlaminar fracture toughness of a laminated carbon/epoxy composite显示文摘 | Mathews M J Swanson S R | 2007 | Compos Sci Technol2007，67，： | 1 |
| 15 | Hydrologic analysis for coastal wetland restoration 显示文摘 | Coates R Swanson M Williams P | 1989 | Environmental Management1989，，13： | 1 |
| 16 | Carcinosarcomas:current perspectives and historical review of nosological concepts显示文摘 | Wick M Swanson P E | 1993 | Sem in DiagnPathol1993，10，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Multimedia Data Embedding and Watermarking Technologies显示文摘 | Swanson D M Kobayashi M Tewfik A H | 1998 | Proceedings of IEEE (S0018-9219)1998，86，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Multiresolut in Scene- Based Video Watermarking UsingPerceptual Models 显示文摘 | Swanson M Zhu B Tewfik A H | 1998 | IEEE1998，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Multimedia Data-embedding and Watermarking Technologies显示文摘 | Swanson M D Kobayashi M Tewfik A H | 1998 | Proceedings of the IEEE1998，86，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Etiologic subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:brain imaging,molecular genetic and environmental factors and the dopamine hypothesis显示文摘 | Swanson J M Kinsbourne M Nigg J | 2007 | Neuropsychol Rev2007，17，1： | 1 |
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