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| 1 | Fermented liquid feed for pigs: an ancient technique for the future显示文摘Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:4.By mixing with water,lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid,acetic acid and ethanol which reduces the pH of the mixture.This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed.In addition,when this low pH mixture is fed,it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract.For piglets,the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water,which may facilitate an easier transition from sow's milk to solid feed.Secondly,offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens.Finally,feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs,weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs.In this review,current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed.This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation.In addition,advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health,intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance. | Joris AM Missotten Joris Michiels Jeroen Degroote Stefaan De Smet | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，1： | 67 |
| 2 | Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry;mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals显示文摘Heat as a stressor of poultry has been studied extensively for many decades; it affects poultry production on a worldwide basis and has significant impact on well-being and production. More recently, the involvement of heat stress in inducing oxidative stress has received much interest. Oxidative stress is defined as the presence of reactive species in excess of the available antioxidant capacity of animal cells. Reactive species can modify several biologically cellular macromolecules and can interfere with cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, during the last decade, there has been an ever-increasing interest in the use of a wide array of natural feed-delivered phytochemicals that have potential antioxidant properties for poultry. In light of this, the current review aims to(1) summarize the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers excessive superoxide radical production in the mitochondrion and progresses into oxidative stress,(2) illustrate that this pathophysiology is dependent on the intensity and duration of heat stress,(3) present different nutritional strategies for mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction, with particular focus on antioxidant phytochemicals.Oxidative stress that occurs with heat exposure can be manifest in all parts of the body; however, mitochondrial dysfunction underlies oxidative stress. In the initial phase of acute heat stress, mitochondrial substrate oxidation and electron transport chain activity are increased resulting in excessive superoxide production. During the later stage of acute heat stress, down-regulation of avian uncoupling protein worsens the oxidative stress situation causing mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue damage. Typically, antioxidant enzyme activities are upregulated. Chronic heat stress, however, leads to downsizing of mitochondrial metabolic oxidative capacity, up-regulation of avian uncoupling protein, a clear alteration in the pattern of antioxidant enzyme activities, and depletion of antioxidant reserves.Some phytochemicals, such as various types of flavonoids and related compounds, were shown to be beneficial in chronic heat-stressed poultry, but were less or not effective in non-heat-stressed counterparts. This supports the contention that antioxidant phytochemicals have potential under challenging conditions. Though substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the association between heat stress and oxidative stress, the means by which phytochemicals can alleviate oxidative stress have been sparsely explored. | Abdollah Akbarian Joris Michiels Jeroen Degroote Maryam Majdeddin Abolghasem Golian Stefaan De Smet | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，1： | 21 |
| 3 | Rat model of cholelithiasis with human gallstones implanted in cholestasis-induced virtual gallbladder显示文摘AIM:To facilitate translational research on cholelithiasis,we have developed a rat model of human gallstones by exploiting the unique biliopancreatic features of this species.METHODS:Under anesthesia,16 adult rats of equal genders underwent two times of abdominal surgery.First,their common bile duct(CBD)was ligated to cause cholestasis by total biliary obstruction(TBO).On day 0,1,3,7,14,21 and 28 after TBO,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was conducted to monitor the dilatation of the CBD,and blood was sampled to analyze total serum bilirubin(TSB).Secondly,on day 30,the abdomen was re-opened and gallstone(s)collected from human patients were implanted in the dilated CBD asa virtual gallbladder(VGB),which was closed by suture ligation.This rat cholelithiasis model was examined by MRI,clinical observation,microcholangiography and histology.RESULTS:All rats survived two laparotomies.After ligation,the CBD was dilated to a stable size of 4 to30 mm in diameter on day 21-28,which became a VGB.The rats initially showed signs of jaundice that diminished over time,which paralleled with the evolving TSB levels from 0.6±0.3 mg/d L before ligation,through a peak of 10.9±1.9 mg/dL on day 14,until a nearly normalized value after day 28.The dilated CBD with thickened wall allowed an incision for implantation of human gallstones of 1-10 mm in diameter.The rat cholelithiasis was proven by in vivo MRI and postmortem microcholangiography and histomorphology.CONCLUSION:A rat model cholelithiasis with human gallstones has been established,which proves feasible,safe,reliable,nontoxic and cost-effective.Given the gallstones of human origin,applications of this model may be of help in translational research such as optical detection and lysis of gallstones by systemic drug administration. | Marlein Miranda Cona Yewei Liu Ting Yin Yuanbo Feng Feng Chen Stefaan Mulier Yue Li Jian Zhang Raymond Oyen Yicheng Ni | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，2： | 7 |
| 4 | Six-year outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration with ranibizumab显示文摘● AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of ≥6y ranibizumab therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration(AMD).● METHODS: HELIX was a retrospective, observational effeciveness study using medical records of patients treated in three clinics in Belgium. Patients had neovascular AMD and were initially treated with intravitreal ranibizumab(0.5 mg) between November 1, 2007 and October 31, 2008, had ≥6y of data available, and were treated on an ongoing, as-needed basis. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and central retinal thickness(CRT).● RESULTS: The sample consisted of 88 eyes from 69 patients. Mean age was 76.4±6.5y, most patients were female(62.3%). Most eyes(62.5%) were treatment-naive, 33 previously treated eyes had received predominantly other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and verteporfin. Mean baseline BCVA was 57.4±12.7 ETDRS letters and CRT was 292±86 μm. On average, patients received 20.6±11.9 ranibizumab injections over the ≥6y. Intervals between injections were on average 12.7±16.1wk. Mean change in BCVA from baseline to last observation for the sample was less than one letter(-0.9±17.3 letters), with an average loss of-3.2±15.6 letters in previously treated eyes versus a gain of 0.6±18.4 letters in treatment-na?ve eyes. When considering a loss of <15 letters over 6y as stabilization of disease, 75.9% of all eyes showed a positive(improvement or stabilization) outcome. Mean change in CRT from baseline to last observation for the sample was-26.9±148.4 μm with the greatest reduction observed in treatment-naive eyes.● CONCLUSION: This retrospective study of 69 neovascular AMD patients treated for ≥6y with ranibizumab demonstrates long-term visual stabilization. In light of the natural evolution of the disease, these data confirm that ranibizumab is effective long-term under real-world conditions of heterogeneity of patients, clinicians, and centers. | Julie Jacob Heidi Brié Anita Leys Laurent Levecq Filip Mevgaerts Kris Denhaerynck Stefaan Vancayzeele Eline Van Craeyveld Ivo Abraham Karen MacDonald | 2017 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2017，10，1： | 5 |
| 5 | Field-effect passivation on silicon nanowire solar cells显示文摘表面再结合为高效率的太阳能电池代表一个缺陷。这为 nanowire 数组太阳能电池是特别重要的,在 surface-to-volume 比率极大地被提高的地方。这里,有效再结合上并且在设备表演上的不同钝化材料的效果试验性地被分析。我们的太阳能电池是自顶向下的轴的 n-p 连接硅 nanowires 借助于近地的阶段移动平版印刷术(NF-PSL ) 制作了的大区域。我们为最好的房间报导 9.9% 的效率,与 SiO 使钝化 < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 2 /SiN x 栈。表面的存在的影响在硅 / 氧化物接口修理了费用密度被学习。 | Anna Dalmau Mallorqui Esther Alarcon-Llado Ignasi Canales Mundet Amirreza Kiani Benedicte Demaurex Stefaan De Wolf Andreas Menzel Margrit Zacharias Anna Fontcuberta i Morra | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，2： | 3 |
| 6 | Impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass in a restored semi-arid rangeland, Kenya显示文摘Rangeland degradation is a serious problem throughout sub-Saharan Africa and its restoration is a challenge for the management of arid and semi-arid areas. In Lake Baringo Basin of Kenya, communities and individual farmers are restoring indigenous vegetation inside enclosures in an effort to combat severe land degradation and address their livelihood problems. This study evaluated the impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass, being key indicators of soil ecosystem health. Six reseeded communal enclosures using soil embankments as water-harvesting structures and strictly regulated access were selected, varying in age from 13 to 23 years. In six private enclosures, ranging from 3 to 17 years in age, individual farmers emulated the communal enclosure strategy and restored areas for their exclusive use. Significant decreases in bulk density, and increases in the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass contents and stocks were found in the enclosures as compared with the degraded open rangeland. In the private enclosures, the impact of rehabilitation on the soil quality was variable, and soil quality was in general lower than that obtained under communal management. The significant increase of absolute stocks of carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass compared to the degraded open rangeland indicates the potential for the restoration of soil quality through range rehabilitation. Over-sowing with indigenous legume fodder species could improve total nitrogen content in the soil and nutritional value of the pastures as well. | Stephen M MUREITHI Ann VERDOODT Charles KK GACHENE Jesse T NJOKA Vivian O WASONGA Stefaan De NEVE Elizabeth MEYERHOFF Eric Van RANST | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，5： | 3 |
| 7 | CD28/CTLA-4/B7 and CD40/CD40L costimulation and activation of regulatory T cells显示文摘Costimulatory signals are crucial for T cell activation. Attempts to block costimulatory pathways have been effective in preventing unwanted immune reactions. In particular, blocking the CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen(CTLA)-4/B7 interaction(using CTLA-4Ig) and the CD40/CD40 L interaction(using anti-CD40 L antibodies) prevents T cell mediated autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft vs host disease in experimental models. Moreover, CTLA-4Ig is in clinical use to treat rheumatoid arthritis(abatacept) and to prevent rejection of renal transplants(belatacept). Under certain experimental conditions, this treatment can even result in tolerance. Surprisingly, the underlying mechanisms of immune modulation are still not completely understood. We here discuss the evidence that costimulation blockade differentially affects effector T cells(Teff) and regulatory T cells(Treg). The latter are required to control inappropriate and unwanted immune responses, and their activity often contributes to tolerance induction and maintenance. Unfortunately, our knowledge on the costimulatory requirements of Treg cells is very limited. We therefore summarize the current understanding ofthe costimulatory requirements of Treg cells, and elaborate on the effect of anti-CD40 L antibody and CTLA-4Ig treatment on Treg cell activity. In this context, we point out that the outcome of a treatment aiming at blocking the CD28/CTLA-4/B7 costimulatory interaction can vary with dosing, timing and underlying immunopathology. | Isabel T Vogel Stefaan W Van Gool Jan L Ceuppens | 2014 | World Journal of Immunology2014，4，2： | 3 |
| 8 | G.fast:打破铜线速率瓶颈,实现千兆到户显示文摘G.fast作为一个全新技术,可以在传统电话铜线上实现吉比特(千兆)速率,同时通过“XG—FAST”可进一步挖掘其潜力,实现数个吉比特的速率。G.fast技术是基于短距离线路使用所设计,相比于VDSL2矢量化技术可进一步提升线路速率。从而帮助业务运营商经济有效的加快光纤到户的部署。借助G.fast所提供的极速宽带能力,运营商可以摆脱原先必须将光纤部署到用户家中的枷锁,轻松实现光纤到户业务。 | Stefaan Vanhastel Jochen Maes Paul Spruyt | 2014 | 网络电信2014，16，8： | 2 |
| 9 | Changes of the glutathione redox system during the weaning transition in piglets, in relation to small intestinal morphology and barrier function显示文摘Background: Weaning is known to result in barrier dysfunction and villus atrophy in the immediate post-weaning phase, and the magnitude of these responses is hypothesized to correlate with changes in the glutathione(GSH)redox system. Therefore, these parameters were simultaneously measured throughout the weaning phase, in piglets differing in birth weight category and weaning age, as these pre-weaning factors are important determinants for the weaning transition. Low birth weight(LBW) and normal birth weight(NBW) littermates were assigned to one of three weaning treatments;i.e. weaning at 3 weeks of age(3 w), weaning at 4 weeks of age(4 w) and removal from the sow at 3 d of age and fed a milk replacer until weaning at 3 weeks of age(3 d3 w). For each of these treatments, six LBW and six NBW piglets were euthanized at 0, 2, 5, 12 or 28 d post-weaning piglets, adding up 180 piglets.Results: Weaning increased the glutathione peroxidase activity on d 5 post-weaning in plasma, and duodenal and jejunal mucosa. Small intestinal glutathione-S-transferase activity gradually increased until d 12 post-weaning, and this was combined with a progressive rise of mucosal GSH up till d 12 post-weaning. Oxidation of the GSH redox status(GSH/GSSG Eh) was only observed in the small intestinal mucosa of 3 d3 w weaned piglets at d 5 postweaning. These piglets also demonstrated increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FD4) and horseradish peroxidase fluxes in the duodenum and distal jejunum during the experiment, and specifically demonstrated increased FD4 fluxes at d 2 to d 5 post-weaning. On the other hand, profound villus atrophy was observed during the weaning transition for all weaning treatments. Finally, LBW and NBW piglets did not demonstrate notable differences in GSH redox status, small intestinal barrier function and histo-morphology throughout the experiment.Conclusion: Although moderate changes in the GSH redox system were observed upon weaning, the GSH redox status remained at a steady state level in 3 w and 4 w weaned piglets and was therefore not associated with weaning induced villus atrophy. Conversely, 3 d3 w weaned piglets demonstrated GSH redox imbalance in the small intestinal mucosa, and this co-occurred with a temporal malfunction of their intestinal barrier function. | Jeroen Degroote Hans Vergauwen Wei Wang Chris Van Ginneken Stefaan De Smet Joris Michiels | 2020 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2020，11，4： | 2 |
| 10 | Improving metal reflectors by suppressing surface plasmon polaritons: a priori calculation of the internal reflectance of a solar cell显示文摘Imperfect internal reflectance of near-bandgap light reduces the performance of all solar cells,and becomes increasingly detrimental as absorbers become thinner.We consider light incident on the silicon/dielectric/metal structure at the back of rear-passivated crystalline silicon solar cells with surface textures that are large enough for geometric optics.By calculating the absorbance in the metal as a function of the angle of incidence,we discover three results that are important for understanding and improving rear reflectors in many types of solar cells.First,significant parasitic absorption occurs in the metal layer in two cases:s-and p-polarized propagating modes(near-normal angles of incidence)when the dielectric thickness is adjusted to cause destructive interference of the reflected beams,and p-polarized evanescent modes(angles of incidence above the semiconductor/dielectric critical angle)that excite surface plasmon polaritons at the metal surface.Second,the latter loss dominates;a well-designed rear dielectric passivation layer must suppress the penetration of evanescent waves to the metal.Third,when used as an input in a simple analytical model,the average rear internal reflectance calculated by assuming a Lambertian angular distribution of light accurately predicts the total reflectance and absorbance of a solar cell. | Zachary C Holman Stefaan De Wolf Christophe Ballif | 2013 | Light(Science & Applications)2013，2，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Local Recurrence After Hepatic Radiofrequency Coagulation: Multivariate Meta-Analysis and Review of Contributing Factors显示文摘 | Stefaan Mulier Yicheng Ni Jacques Jamart Theo Ruers Guy Marchal Luc Michel | 2005 | Annals of Surgery2005，，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Artificial rearing influences the morphology,permeability and redox state of the gastrointestinal tract of low and normal birth weight piglets显示文摘Background: In this study the physiological implications of artificial rearing were investigated. Low(LBW) and normal birth weight(NBW) piglets were compared as they might react differently to stressors caused by artificial rearing. In total, 42 pairs of LBW and NBW piglets from 16 litters suckled the sow until d19 of age or were artificially reared starting at d3 until d19 of age. Blood and tissue samples that were collected after euthanasia at 0, 3, 5, 8 and 19 d of age. Histology, ELISA, and Ussing chamber analysis were used to study proximal and distal small intestine histomorphology, proliferation, apoptosis, tight junction protein expression, and permeability. Furthermore, small intestine,liver and systemic redox parameters(GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px and MDA) were investigated using HPLC.Results: LBW and NBW artificially reared piglets weighed respectively 40 and 33% more than LBW and NBW sowreared piglets at d19(P < 0.01). Transferring piglets to a nursery at d3 resulted in villus atrophy, increased intestinal FD-4 and HRP permeability and elevated GSSG/GSH ratio in the distal small intestine at d5(P < 0.05). GSH concentrations in the proximal small intestine remained stable, while they decreased in the liver(P < 0.05). From d5 until d19, villus width and crypt depth increased, whereas PCNA, caspase-3, occludin and claudin-3 protein expressions were reduced. GSH,GSSG and permeability recovered in artificially reared piglets(P < 0.05).Conclusion: The results suggest that artificial rearing altered the morphology, permeability and redox state without compromising piglet performance. The observed effects were not depending on birth weight. | Hans Vergauwen Jeroen Degroote Sara Prims Wei Wang Erik Fransen Stefaan De Smet Christophe Casteleyn Steven Van Cruchten Joris Michiels Chris Van Ginneken | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Tooth display and lip position during spontaneous and posed smiling in adults显示文摘 | Pieter Van Der Geld Paul Oosterveld Stefaan J. Bergé Anne M. Kuijpers-Jagtman | 2008 | Acta Odontologica2008，，4： | 2 |
| 14 | Space and time related determinants of public transport use in trip chains显示文摘 | Stefaan Vande Walle Therese Steenberghen | 2005 | Transportation Research Part A2005，，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Integrated nanofiltration cascades with low salt rejection for complete removal of pesticides in drinking water production显示文摘 | Alexander Caus Stefaan Vanderhaegen Leen Braeken | 2009 | Desalination2009，241，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Supine/left decubitus scanning: a valuable alternative to supine/prone scanning in CT colonography显示文摘 | Stefaan S. Gryspeerdt Murielle J. Herman Marc A. Baekelandt Bartel G. van Holsbeeck Philippe A. Lefere | 2004 | European Radiology2004，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Pulmonary Embolism: Radiation Dose with Multi - Detector Row CT and Digital Angiography for Diagnosis 显示文摘 | Emmanuel Coche Stefaan Vynckier MicheUe Octave-Prignot | 2006 | Radiology2006，240，3： | 1 |
| 18 | System characteristics of SPECT with a slat collimated strip detector显示文摘 | Stefaan Vandenberghe Roel Van Holen Steven Staelens Ignace Lemahieu | 2006 | Phys Med Biol2006，51，： | 1 |
| 19 | Expression of Biofilm-Associated Genes in Staphylococcus epi- dermidis during In Vitro and In Vivo Foreign Body Infections显示文摘 | Stefaan Johan Vandecasteele Willy Eduard Peetermans Rita Merckx | 2003 | The Journal of Infectious Diseases2003，188，： | 1 |
| 20 | Stable carbon isotope analysis of different tissue of beef animal in relation to their diet 显示文摘 | Stefaan De Smet An Balcaen Erik Claeys | 2004 | Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry2004，18，： | 1 |
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