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| 1 | Incorporating novelty and novel ecosystems into restoration planning and practice in the 21st century显示文摘Novelty pervades the biosphere.In some cases,potentially irreversible abiotic and/or biotic changes have led to the crossing of thresholds and thus the formation of“novel ecosystems.”Their widespread emergence(particularly on land)and the presence of continued environmental change challenge a traditional restoration goal of restoring an historical ecosystem.Instead,we argue that restoration could broaden its frame of reference to consider how novel ecosystems might be used to maintain global biodiversity and provide ecosystem services and,in doing so,save potentially wasted efforts in attempting to fulfil traditional goals.Here we explore this contention in more depth by addressing:Are novel ecosystems innovative planning or lowering the bar?We show that novel ecosystems were not innovative planning in their original conception.On the contrary,they were recognized as ecosystems that were recalcitrant to traditional restoration approaches,coupled with an awareness that they had arisen inadvertently through deliberate human activity,either on-or off-site.Their recalcitrance to traditional restoration suggests that alternative goals may exist for these ecosystems using sometimes innovative intervention.This management may include biodiversity conservation or restoration for ecological function.We elucidate the latter aspect with reference to an experiment in the wheatbelt of Western Australia—The Ridgefield Multiple Ecosystem Services Experiment—the design of which has been informed by ecological theory and the acceptance of novelty as an ecosystem component.Although novel ecosystems do provide opportunities to broaden restoration planning and practice,and ultimately maintain and conserve global biodiversity in this era of environmental change,they necessarily“lower the bar”in restoration if the bar is considered to be the historical ecosystem.However,in these times of flux,such a bar is increasingly untenable.Instead,careful and appropriate interventions are required at local,regional,and global scales.These interventions need to take history into account,use ecological and evolutionary theory to inform their design,and be mindful of valid concerns such as hubris.Careful interventions thus provide an opportunity for broadening restoration’s framework to focus on maintaining global biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services as well as the traditional goals of restoring historical ecosystems. | Michael P Perring Rachel J Standish Richard J Hobbs | 2013 | Ecological Processes2013，2，1： | 6 |
| 2 | Porosity calculations of multi-component mixtures of spherical particles 显示文摘 | YU A B STANDISH N | 1987 | Powder Technol1987，52，： | 2 |
| 3 | The two-component signal transduction system RR06/HK06 regulates expression of cbpA in Streptococcus pneumoniae 显示文摘 | Standish AJ Stroeher UH Paton JC | 2005 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2005，102，21： | 1 |
| 4 | Three surface exoglycosidases from Streptococcus pneumoniae, NanA, BgaA, and StrH, promote resistance to opsonophagocytic killing by human neutrophils 显示文摘 | Dalia AB Standish A J Weiser JN | 2010 | Infect Immun2010，78，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Glomerulosclerosis: aparaneoplastic phenomenon? 显示文摘 | LOI S PERRY G J STANDISH H | 2004 | Nephrology (Carlton)2004，9，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Estimation of the porosity of particle mixtures by a linear-mixture packing model显示文摘 | Yu A B Standish N | 1991 | Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research1991，30，： | 1 |
| 7 | Immune defects in breast cancer patients after radiotherapy显示文摘 | Standish LJ Torkelson C Hamill FA | 2008 | J Soc Integr Oncol2008，6，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Serial histologic effects of rat submaxillary and sublingual salivary gland duct and blood vessel ligation显示文摘 | Standish SM Shafer WG | 1957 | J Dent Res1957，36，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Temperature Distribution in Microwave Heated Iron Ore-Carbon Composites显示文摘 | Standish N Worner H Gupta G | 1990 | Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy1990，25，2： | 1 |
| 10 | De la reforme 1996-1998 du dispositif francais de normalisation comptable 显示文摘 | Bernard COLASSE Peter STANDISH | 1998 | Comptabilit6-Contr le-Audit1998，，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Rapid protein-fold- ing assay using green fluorescent protein 显示文摘 | Waido G S Standish B M Berendzen J | 1999 | Nat Biotechnol1999，17，7： | 1 |
| 12 | In vivo optical coherence tomography imaging of preinvasive bronchial lesions 显示文摘 | Lain S Standish B Baldwin C | 2008 | Clin Cancer Res2008，14，7： | 1 |
| 13 | The Development andDecline of Law in French Accounting Regulation 显示文摘 | Bernard COLASSE Peter STANDISH | 2004 | Journalof Management and Governance2004，，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids 显示文摘 | BANGHAM AD STANDISH MM WATKINS 3C | 1965 | J Mol Biol1965，13，： | 1 |
| 15 | The effect of lateral pressure on the bond of round reinforcing bars in concrete 显示文摘 | Robins P J Standish I G | 1982 | International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives1982，2，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Microwave application in reduction of metal oxides with carbon显示文摘 | Standish N Worner H | 1990 | Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy1990，25，3： | 1 |
| 17 | The role of bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of the biosynthesis of secreted polysaccharides 显示文摘 | Standish AJ Morona R | 2014 | Antioxid Redox Signal2014，20，14： | 1 |
| 18 | Aerodynamic analysis of blunt trailing edge airfoils显示文摘 | STANDISH K J van DAM C P | 2003 | Journal of solar energy engineering2003，125，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Cation permeability of phospholipid model membranes:effect of narcotics显示文摘 | Bangham AD Standish MM Miller N | 1965 | Nature1965，208，5017： | 1 |
| 20 | Effects of acute exposure to aluminum on cognition in humans显示文摘 | Molloy DW Standish TI Nieboer E | | 0，，： | 1 |
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