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| 1 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 2 | Prepulse effects as a function of cortical projection system显示文摘 | Perlstein William M Simons Robert F Graham Frances K | 2001 | Biological Psychology2001，56，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Anxiety and errorrelated brain activity显示文摘 | Greg Hajeak Nieole McDonald Simons Robert F | 2003 | Biological Psychology2003，64，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Prepulse effects as a function of cortical projection system显示文摘 | Perlstein William M Simons Robert F Graham Frances K | 2001 | Biological Psychology2001，56，2： | 1 |
| 5 | The application of near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy to detect adulteration of oil used in animal feed production 显示文摘 | STEWART F G SIMON A H ROBERT M E | 2012 | Food Chemistry2012，132，： | 1 |
| 6 | Use of orthoesters in the synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins显示文摘 | Robert H Ross W B | 2003 | Tetrahedron Letters2003，44，： | 1 |
| 7 | High performance direct gravitational N-body simulations on graphics processing units II: An implementation in CUDA 显示文摘 | Robert G Bellemana Jeroen Badorfa Simon F Portegies Zwart | 2008 | New Astronomy2008，13，2： | 1 |
| 8 | CAViaR: Conditional autoressive value at risk by regression quantiles显示文摘 | Robert F Engle Simone Manganelli | 2004 | Journal of Business & Economic Statistics2004，22，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Sequence and analysis ofchromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana显示文摘 | Salanoubat M Lemcke K Rieger M Ansorge W Unseld M Fartmann B Vaile G Blocker H Pcrez-Alonso M Obennaier B Delseny M Boutry M Grivell L A Mache R Puigdomenech P De Simone V Choisne N Artiguenave F Robert C Brottier P Wincker P Cattolico L Weissenbach J Saurin W Quetier F Schafer M Mu||er-Auer S Gabel C Fuchs M Benes V Wurmbach E Drzonek H Erfle H Jordan N Bangert S Wiedelmann R Kranz H Voss H Holland R Brandt P Nyakatura G Vezzi A D' Angelo M Pallavicini A Toppo S Simionati B Conrad A Homischer K Kauer G Lohnert T H Nordsiek G Reichelt J Scharfe M Schon O Bargues M Terol J Climent J Navarro P CoUado C Perez-Perez A Ottenwalder B Duchemin D Cooke R Laudie M Berger-Llauro C Pumelle B Masuy D de Haan M Maarse A C Alcaraz J P Cottet A Casacuberta E Monfort A Argiriou A Flores M Liguori R Vitale D Mannhaupt G Haase D Schoof H Rudd S Zaccaria P Mewes H W Mayer K F Kaul S Town C D Koo H L Tailon L J Jenkins J Rooney T Rizzo M Waits A Utterback T Fujii C Y Shea T P Creasy T H Haas B Maiti R Wu D Peterson J Van Aken S Pal G Militscher J Sellers P Gill J E Feldblyum T V Preuss D Lin X Nierman W C Salzberg S L White O Venter J C Fraser C M Kaneko T Nakamura Y Sato S Kato T Asamizu E Sasamoto S Kimura T Idesawa K Kawashiraa K Kishida Y Kiyokawa C Kohara M Matsumoto kl Matsuno A Muraki A Nakayama S Nakazaki N Shinpo S Takeuchi C Wada T Watanabe A Yamada M Yasuda M Tabata S | 2000 | Nature2000，408，6814： | 1 |
| 10 | 基金专家经验谈显示文摘前不久,普华永道的全球基金业主席Jeffreys从伦敦来到北京,刚拜会完中国证监会,本刊记者即对其进行了采访。普华永道为全球基金业提供咨询服务并占据较大市场份额,是否传统的会计、审计业务仍占收入的主要比例? 我们为全球基金业提供咨询服务业务,目前已在全球占据了50%的市场份额。我们为这些基金提供的服务包括正常的审计、会计、税务咨询服务。还包括风险管理及个人所得税的处理等方面。从普华永道收入来说,约有50%的收入来自审计、会计的服务,另外50%的收入来自咨询和顾问服务。在咨询方面一个很重要的内容是对公司发展战略方面提供服务。 | 林刚 Simon JL Jeffreys Robert F Grome | 2001 | 资本市场2001，，7： | 0 |
| 11 | Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandemic显示文摘Background During the COVID-19 pandemic,decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported.The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH)hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional,retrospective,observational study across 6 continents,37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres.Patients with the diagnosis of SAH,aneurysmal SAH,ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision,codes.The 3-month cumulative volume,monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before(1 year and immediately before)and during the pandemic,defined as 1 March-31 May 2020.The prior 1-year control period(1 March-31 May 2019)was obtained to account for seasonal variation.Findings There was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations,with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic,representing a relative decline of 22.5%(95%CI−24.3%to−20.7%,p<0.0001).Embolisation of ruptured aneurysms declined with 1170-1035 procedures,respectively,representing an 11.5%(95%CI−13.5%to−9.8%,p=0.002)relative drop.Subgroup analysis was noted for aneurysmal SAH hospitalisation decline from 834 to 626 hospitalisations,a 24.9%relative decline(95%CI−28.0%to−22.1%,p<0.0001).A relative increase in ruptured aneurysm coiling was noted in low coiling volume hospitals of 41.1%(95%CI 32.3%to 50.6%,p=0.008)despite a decrease in SAH admissions in this tertile.Interpretation There was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations,aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 pandemic.These findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies,such as stroke and myocardial infarction. | Thanh N Nguyen Diogo C Haussen Muhammad M Qureshi Hiroshi Yamagami Toshiyuki Fujinaka Ossama Y Mansour Mohamad Abdalkader Michael Frankel Zhongming Qiu Allan Taylor Pedro Lylyk Omer F Eker Laura Mechtouff Michel Piotin Fabricio Oliveira Lima Francisco Mont'Alverne Wazim Izzath Nobuyuki Sakai Mahmoud Mohammaden Alhamza R Al-Bayati Leonardo Renieri Salvatore Mangiafico David Ozretic Vanessa Chalumeau Saima Ahmad Umair Rashid Syed Irteza Hussain Seby John Emma Griffin John Thornton Jose Antonio Fiorot Rodrigo Rivera Nadia Hammami Anna M Cervantes-Arslanian Hormuzdiyar H Dasenbrock Huynh Le Vu Viet Quy Nguyen Steven Hetts Romain Bourcier Romain Guile Melanie Walker Malveeka Sharma Don Frei Pascal Jabbour Nabeel Herial Fawaz Al-Mufti Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir Ozlem Aykac Dheeraj Gandhi Chandril Chugh Charles Matouk Pascale Lavoie Randall Edgell Andre Beer-Furlan Michael Chen Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer Vitor Mendes Pereira Patrick Nicholson Vikram Huded Nobuyuki Ohara Daisuke Watanabe Dong Hun Shin Pedro SC Magalhaes Raghid Kikano Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez Mudassir Farooqui Amal Abou-Hamden Tatsuo Amano Ryoo Yamamoto Adrienne Weeks Elena A Cora Rotem Sivan-Hoffmann Roberto Crosa Markus Möhlenbruch Simon Nagel Hosam Al-Jehani Sunil A Sheth Victor S Lopez Rivera James E Siegler Achmad Fidaus Sani Ajit S Puri Anna Luisa Kuhn Gianmarco Bernava Paolo Machi Daniel G Abud Octavio M Pontes-Neto Ajay K Wakhloo Barbara Voetsch Eytan Raz Shadi Yaghi Brijesh P Mehta Naoto Kimura Mamoru Murakami Jin Soo Lee Ji Man Hong Robert Fahed Gregory Walker Eiji Hagashi Steve M Cordina Hong Gee Roh Ken Wong Juan F Arenillas Mario Martinez-Galdamez Jordi Blasco Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez Luisa Fonseca M Luis Silva Teddy Y Wu Simon John Alex Brehm Marios Psychogios William J Mack Matthew Tenser Tatemi Todaka Miki Fujimura Roberta Novakovic Jun Deguchi Yuri Sugiura Hiroshi Tokimura Rakesh Khatri Michael Kelly Lissa Peeling Yuichi Murayama Hugh Stephen Winters Johnny Wong Mohamed Teleb Jeremy Payne Hiroki Fukuda Kosuke Miyake Junsuke Shimbo Yusuke Sugimura Masaaki Uno Yohei Takenobu Yuji Matsumaru Satoshi Yamada Ryuhei Kono Takuya Kanamaru Masafumi Morimoto Junichi Iida Vasu Saini Dileep Yavagal Saif Bushnaq Wenguo Huang Italo Linfante Jawad Kirmani David S Liebeskind Viktor Szeder Ruchir Shah Thomas G Devlin Lee Birnbaum Jun Luo Anchalee Churojana Hesham E Masoud Carlos Ynigo Lopez Brendan Steinfort Alice Ma Ameer E Hassan Amal Al Hashmi Mollie McDermott Maxim Mokin Alex Chebl Odysseas Kargiotis Georgios Tsivgoulis Jane G Morris Clifford J Eskey Jesse Thon Leticia Rebello Dorothea Altschul Oriana Cornett Varsha Singh Jeyaraj Pandian Anirudh Kulkarni Pablo M Lavados Veronica V Olavarria Kenichi Todo Yuki Yamamoto Gisele Sampaio Silva Serdar Geyik Jasmine Johann Sumeet Multani Artem Kaliaev Kazutaka Sonoda Hiroyuki Hashimoto Adel Alhazzani David Y Chung Stephan A Mayer Johanna T Fifi Michael D Hill Hao Zhang Zhengzhou Yuan Xianjin Shang Alicia C Castonguay Rishi Gupta Tudor G Jovin Jean Raymond Osama O Zaidat Raul G Nogueira SVIN COVID-19 Registry,the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization(MENA-SINO),Japanese Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Society(JVIN) | 2021 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2021，6，4： | 0 |
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