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| 1 | Training medical undergraduates in the core disciplines of community medicine through community postings-an experience from India显示文摘Objective:Family medicine,epidemiology,health management and health promotion are the core disciplines of community medicine.In this paper,we discuss the development of a commu-nity posting program within the framework of community medicine core disciplines at a primary health centre attached to a teaching hospital in Puducherry,India.Methods:This is a process documentation of our experience.Results:There were some shortcomings which revolved around the central theme that post-ings were conducted with department in the teaching hospital as the focal point,not the primary health centre(PHC).To address the shortcomings,we made some changes in the existing com-munity posting program in 2013.Student feedback aimed at Kirkpatrick level 1(satisfaction)evaluation revealed that they appreciated the benefits of having the posting with PHC as the focal point.Feedback recommended some further changes in the community posting which could be addressed through complete administrative control of the primary health centre as urban health and training center of the teaching hospital;and also through practice of core disciplines of com-munity medicine by faculty of community medicine.Conclusion:It is important to introduce the medical undergraduates to the core disciplines of community medicine early through community postings.Community postings should be con-ducted with primary health centre or urban health and training centre as the focal point. | Hemant Deepak Shewade Chinnakali Palanivel Kathiresan Jeyashree | 2016 | Family Medicine and Community Health2016，4，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Relative efficacy of some prokinetic drugs in morphine-induced gastrointestinal transit delay in mice显示文摘AIM: To study the relative efficacy of cisapride,metoclopramide, domperidone, erythromycin and mosapride on gastric emptying (GE) and small intestinal transit (SIT)in morphine treated mice.METHODS: Phenol red marker meal was employed to estimate GE and SIT in Swiss albino mice of either sex. The groups included were control, morphine 1 mg/kg (s.c. 15min before test meal) alone or with (45 min before test meal p.o.) cisapride 10 mg/kg, metoclopramide 20 mg/kg,domperidone 20 mg/kg, erythromycin 6 mg/kg and mosapride 20 mg/kg.RESULTS: Cisapride, metoclopramide and mosapride were effective in enhancing gastric emptying significantly (P<0.001)whereas other prokinetic agents failed to do so in normal mice. Metoclopramide completely reversed morphine induced delay in gastric emptying followed by mosapride.Metoclopramide alone was effective when given to normal mice in increasing the SIT. Cisapride, though it did not show any significant effect on SIT in normal mice, was able to reverse morphine induced delay in SIT significantly (P<0.001)followed by metoclopramide and mosapride.CONCLUSION: Metoclopramide and cisapride are most effective in reversing morphine-induced delay in gastric emptying and small intestinal transit in mice respectively. | AD Suchitra SA Dkhar DG Shewade CH Shashindran | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Inequity in catastrophic costs among tuberculosis-affected households in China显示文摘Background:There are limited nationally representative studies globally in the post-2015 END tuberculosis(TB)era regarding wealth related inequity in the distribution of catastrophic costs due to TB care.Under the Chinese national tuberculosis programme setting,we aimed to assess extent of equity in distribution of total TB care costs(pre-treatment,treatment and overall)and costs as a proportion of annual household income(AHI),and describe and compare equity in distribution of catastrophic costs(pre-treatment,treatment and overall)across population sub-groups.Methods:Analytical cross-seaional study using data from national TB patient cost survey carried out in 22 counties from six provinces in China in 2017.Drug-susceptible pulmonary TB registered under programme,who had received at least 2 weeks of intensive phase therapy were included.Equity was depiaed using concentration curves and concentration indices were compared using dominance test.Results:Of 1147 patients,the median cost of pre-treatment,treatment and overall care,were USD 283.5,USD 413.1 and USD 965.5,respectively.Richer quintiles incurred significantly higher pre-treatment and treatment costs compared to poorer quintiles.The distribution of costs as a proportion of AHI and catastrophic costs were significantly pro-poor overall as well as during pre-treatment and treatment phase.All the concentration curves for catastrophic costs(due to pre-treatment,treatment and overall care)stratified by region(east,middle and west),area of residence(urban,rural)and type of insurance new rural co-operative medical system[NCMS],non-NCMSalso exhibited a pro-poor pattern with statistically significant(P<0.01)concentration indices.The pro-poor distribution of the catastrophic costs due to TB treatment was significantly more inequitable among rural,compared to urban patients,and NCMS compared to non-NCMS beneficiaries.Conclusions:There is inequity in the distribution of catastrophic costs due to TB care.Universal health coverage,social protection strategies complemented by quality TB care is vital to reduce inequitable distribution of catastrophic costs due to TB care in China. | Cai-Hong Xu Kathiresan Jeyashree Hemant Deepak Shewade Yin-Yin Xia Li-Xia Wang Yan Liu Hui Zhang Li Wang | 2019 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2019，8，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Subramaniam Ramaswamy Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activityof oxytocin in rats and guinea pigs显示文摘 | Mohammed Asad Deepak Gopal Shewade Kailasam Koumaravelou | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP3A5*3contributes to clopidogrel resistance in coronary artery disease patients among Tamilian population显示文摘 | PRIYADHARSINI R SHEWADE DG SUBRAJA K | 2014 | Mol Biol Rep2014，41，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Gly460Trp poly- morphism of the ADD1 gene and essential hypertension in an In- dian population: a meta - analysis on hypertension risk显示文摘 | Ramu P Umamaheswaran G Shewade D | 2010 | lndian Journal of Human Genetics2010，16，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of centrally administered prolactin on gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats显示文摘 | M Asad D G Shewade K Koumaravelou | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Gly460Trp polymorphism of the ADD1 gene and essential hypertension in an Indian population: A meta-analysis on hypertension risk显示文摘 | Ramu P Umamaheswaran G Shewade D Swaminathan R Balachander J Adithan C | 2010 | Indian Journal of Human Genetics2010，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of centrally administered oxytocin on gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats显示文摘 | Asad M Shewade DG Koumaravelou K | 2001 | Acta Pharmacol Sin2001，22，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Effect of CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2 and GGCX genetic variants on warfarin maintenance dose and explicating a new pharmacogenetic algorithm in South Indian population显示文摘 | Krishna Kumar D Shewade DG Loriot MA | 2014 | Eur J Clin Pharmacol2014，70，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Influence of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism and undernourishment on plasma - free pheny- toin concentrations in epileptic patients 显示文摘 | Ramasamy K Narayan SK Shewade DG | 2010 | Ther Drug Monit2010，32，： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2 and GGCX genetic variants on warfarin maintenance dose and explicating a new pharmacogenetic algorithm in South Indian population 显示文摘 | KRISHNA K D SHEWADE D G LORIOT M A | 2014 | Eur J Clin Pharmacol2014，70，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Gly460Trp polymorphism of the ADD1 gene and essential hypertension in an Indian population: A meta-analysis on hypertension risk 显示文摘 | Ramu P Umamaheswaran G Shewade DG | 2010 | Indian J Hum Genet2010，16，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Large-scale isolation of islets by tissue culture of adult mouse pancreas 显示文摘 | Shewade YM Umramim M Bhonde RR | 1999 | Transplant Proc1999，31，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Role of bittergourd fruit juice in stz-induced diabetic state in vivo and in vitro显示文摘 | Sandhya L Sitasawad Yogita Shewade Ramesh Bhonde | 2000 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology2000，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Influence of CYP2C9 Genetic Polymorphism and Undernourishment on Plasma-Free Phenytoin Concentrations in Epileptic Patients显示文摘 | Ramasamy K Narayan SK Shewade DG | 2010 | Ther Drug Monit2010，32，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Role of bittergourd fruit juice in stz-induced diabetic state in vivo and in vitro显示文摘 | Sitasawad SL Shewade Y Bhonde R | 2000 | J Ethnophannacol2000，73，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Assessment of household ownership of bed nets in areas with and without artemisinin resistance containment measures in Myanmar显示文摘Background:Myanmar lies in the Greater Mekong Subregion where there is artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria.As the artemisinin compound is the pillar of effective antimalarial therapies,containing the spread of artemisinin resistance is a national and global priority.The use of insecticide-treated bed nets/long-lasting insecticidal nets(ITNs/LLINs)is the key intervention for ensuring the reduction of malaria transmission and the spread of resistant strains,and for eventually eliminating malaria.This study aimed at assessing household ownership of,access to,and utilization of bed nets in areas of Myanmar with and without artemisinin resistance containment measures.Methods:Secondary data from a nationwide community-based malaria survey conducted by the National Malaria Control Program in 2014 were analyzed.Based on evidence of artemisinin resistance,Myanmar was divided into tiers 1,2,and 3:townships in tiers 1 and 2 were aggregated as the Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment(MARC)areas and were compared with tier 3 townships,which were defined as non-MARC areas.The chi-square test was used to compare groups,and the level of significance was set at P≤0.05.Results:Of the 6328 households assessed,97.2%in both MARC and non-MARC areas had at least one bed net(any type),but only 63%of households had ITNs/LLINs.Only 44%of households in MARC areas and 24%in non-MARC areas had adequate numbers of ITNs/LLINs(one ITN/LLIN per two persons,P<0.001).Nearly 44%of household members had access to ITNs/LLINs.Regarding the utilization of ITNs/LLINs,45%of household members used them in MARC areas and 36%used them in non-MARC areas(P<0.001,desired target=100%).Utilization of ITNs/LLINs among children aged below five years and pregnant women(high malaria risk groups)was low,at 44%and 42%,respectively.Conclusions:This study highlights the nationwide shortfalls in the ownership of,access to,and utilization of ITNs/LLINs in Myanmar,which is of particular concern in terms of containing the spread of artemisinin resistance.It highlights the need for priority attention to be paid and mobilization of resources in order to improve bed net coverage and utilization through bed net distribution and/or social marketing,information dissemination,and awareness-raising. | Thae Maung Maung Tin Oo Khin Thet Wai Thaung Hlaing Philip Owiti Binay Kumar Hemant Deepak Shewade Rony Zachariah Aung Thi | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activity of oxytocin in rats and guinea pigs显示文摘 | Asad M Shewade DG Koumaravelou K Abraham BK Vasu S Ramaswamy S | 2001 | Life Sci2001，70，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activity of oxytocin in rats and guinea pigs显示文摘 | Shewade DG Koumaravelou K | 2001 | Life Sci2001，70，1： | 1 |
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