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| 1 | Recent improvements in oily wastewater treatment:Progress, challenges, and future opportunities显示文摘Oily wastewater poses significant threats to the soil, water, air and human beings because of the hazardous nature of its oil contents. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the current and recently developed methods for oily wastewater treatment through which contaminants such as oil, fats, grease, and inorganics can be removed for safe applications.These include electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration, biological treatment,hybrid technologies, use of biosurfactants, treatment via vacuum ultraviolet radiation,and destabilization of emulsions through the use of zeolites and other natural minerals.This review encompasses innovative and novel approaches to oily wastewater treatment and provides scientific background for future work that will be aimed at reducing the adverse impact of the discharge of oily wastewater into the environment. The current challenges affecting the optimal performance of oily wastewater treatment methods and opportunities for future research development in this field are also discussed. | Sanaa Jamaly Adewale Giwa Shadi Wajih Hasan | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，11： | 34 |
| 2 | Effects of Al_2O_3 nanoparticles on properties of self compacting concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as binder显示文摘In this work,strength assessments and percentage of water absorption of self compacting concrete containing ground granu-lated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and Al2O3 nanoparticles as binder have been investigated.Portland cement was replaced by different amounts of GGBFS and the properties of concrete specimens were investigated.Although it negatively impacts the physical and mechanical properties of concrete at early ages of curing,GGBFS was found to improve the physical and me-chanical properties of concrete up to 45 wt% at later ages.Al2O3 nanoparticles with the average particle size of 15 nm were added partially to concrete with the optimum content of GGBFS and physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were measured.Al2O3 nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 3.0 wt% could accelerate C-S-H gel formation as a re-sult of increased crystalline Ca(OH)2 amount at the early ages and hence increase strength and improve the resistance to water permeability of concrete specimens.The increase of the Al2O3 nanoparticles’ content by more than 3.0 wt% would cause the reduction of the strength because of the decreased crystalline Ca(OH)2 content required for C-S-H gel formation.Several em-pirical relationships have been presented to predict flexural and split tensile strength of the specimens by means of the corre-sponding compressive strength at a certain age of curing.Accelerated peak appearance in conduction calorimetry tests,more weight loss in thermogravimetric analysis and more rapid appearance of the peaks related to hydrated products in X-ray dif-fraction results,all indicate that Al2O3 nanoparticles could improve mechanical and physical properties of the concrete speci-mens. | Ali NAZARI Shadi RIAHI | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，9： | 9 |
| 3 | Computer-aided design of the effects of Cr_2O_3 nanoparticles on split tensile strength and water permeability of high strength concrete显示文摘In the present paper, two models based on artificial neural networks and genetic programming for predicting split tensile strength and percentage of water absorption of concretes containing Cr2O3 nanoparticles have been developed at different ages of curing. For purpose of building these models, training and testing using experimental results for 144 specimens produced with 16 different mixture proportions were conducted. The data used in the multilayer feed forward neural networks models and input variables of genetic programming models are arranged in a format of 8 input parameters that cover the cement content, nanoparticle content, aggregate type, water content, the amount of superplasticizer, the type of curing medium, age of curing and number of testing try. According to these input parameters, in the neural networks and genetic programming models the split tensile strength and percentage of water absorption values of concretes containing Cr2O3 nanoparticles were predicted. The training and testing results in the neural network and genetic programming models have shown that every two models have strong potential for predicting the split tensile strength and percentage of water absorption values of concretes containing Cr2O3 nanoparticles. It has been found that NN and GEP models will be valid within the ranges of variables. In neural networks model, as the training and testing ended when minimum error norm of network was gained, the best results were obtained and in genetic programming model, when 4 genes were selected to construct the model, the best results were acquired. Although neural network has predicted better results, genetic programming is able to predict reasonable values with a simpler method rather than neural network. | Ali NAZARI Shadi RIAHI | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，3： | 7 |
| 4 | TiO_2 nanoparticles' effects on properties of concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag as binder显示文摘In the present study,compressive strength,pore structure,thermal behavior and microstructure characteristics of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag and TiO2 nanoparticles as binder were investigated.Portland cement was replaced by different amounts of ground granulated blast furnace slag and the properties of concrete specimens were investigated.Although it negatively impacts the properties of concrete at early ages,ground granulated blast furnace slag up to 45 wt% was found to improve the physical and mechanical properties of concrete at later ages.TiO2 nanoparticles with the average particle size of 15 nm were partially added to concrete with the optimum content of ground granulated blast furnace slag and physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were measured.TiO2 nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 3 wt% could accelerate C-S-H gel formation as a result of increased crystalline Ca(OH)2 amount at the early age of hydration and hence increase compressive strength of concrete.The increased TiO2 nanoparticles' content of more than 3 wt% may cause reduced compressive strength because of the decreased crystalline Ca(OH)2 content required for C-S-H gel formation and unsuitable dispersed nanoparticles in the concrete matrix.TiO2 nanoparticles could improve the pore structure of concrete and shift the distributed pores to harmless and less-harm pores. | NAZARI Ali RIAHI Shadi | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，11： | 7 |
| 5 | Pre-hospital assessment with ultrasound in emergencies: implementation in the field显示文摘BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound(US) is a proven diagnostic imaging tool in the emergency department(ED). Modern US devices are now more compact, affordable and portable, which has led to increased usage in austere environments. However, studies supporting the use of US in the prehospital setting are limited. The primary outcome of this pilot study was to determine if paramedics could perform cardiac ultrasound in the fi eld and obtain images that were adequate for interpretation. A secondary outcome was whether paramedics could correctly identify cardiac activity or the lack thereof in cardiac arrest patients.METHODS: We performed a prospective educational study using a convenience sample of professional paramedics without ultrasound experience. Eligible paramedics participated in a 3-hour session on point-of-care US. The paramedics then used US during emergency calls and saved the scans for possible cardiac complaints including: chest pain, dyspnea, loss of consciousness, trauma, or cardiac arrest.RESULTS: Four paramedics from two distinct fire stations enrolled a total of 19 unique patients, of whom 17 were deemed adequate for clinical decision making(89%, 95%CI 67%–99%). Paramedics accurately recorded 17 cases of cardiac activity(100%, 95%CI 84%–100%) and 2 cases of cardiac standstill(100%, 95%CI 22%–100%).CONCLUSION: Our pilot study suggests that with minimal training, paramedics can use US to obtain cardiac images that are adequate for interpretation and diagnose cardiac standstill. Further large-scale clinical trials are needed to determine if prehospital US can be used to guide care for patients with cardiac complaints. | Kevin P. Rooney Sari Lahham Shadi Lahham Craig L. Anderson Bryan Bledsoe Bryan Sloane Linda Joseph Megan B. Osborn John C. Fox | 2016 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2016，7，2： | 5 |
| 6 | Overlapping gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome:Increased dysfunctional symptoms显示文摘AIM:To investigate the association of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Iranian patients and examine the prevalence of functional symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract in patients presenting with either IBS, GERD or both.METHODS: Six thousand four hundred and seventy six patients presented to the Gastro-intestinal (GI) clinic with symptoms of functional dysfunction of GI tract, 1419 patients (62.0% women, 38.0% men; mean age: 37.4±11.5 years) met Rome or Rome criteria(depending on the year of diagnosis)for IBS.2658 patients were diagnosed with GERD based on clinical presentation and endoscopic findings.We assessed other functional symptoms(epigastric pain,nausea,vomiting,belching,constipation and diarrhea)in patients suffering from GERD,IBS or both.RESULTS: Among IBS subjects, 63.6% (69.0% women, 31.0% men; mean age: 36.4±10.3 years) also hadGERD, whereas 34.7% of the non-IBS patients had GERD [odds ratio (OR) =3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9-3.7, P<0.0001]. Among patients with GERD, 33.9% of subjects met Rome criteria compared to 13.5% of non-GERD patients (OR=3.6, 95% CI: 3.1-4.3, P<0.0001). Prevalence of all functional symptoms was higher in overlapping GERD and IBS subjects, when compared with their prevalence in the IBS subjects without GERD or GERD only subjects (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: This finding shows that in overlapping GERD and IBS, other functional abnormalities of the GI tract are also highly prevalent, suggesting a common underlying dysfunction. | Shadi Sadeghi Yarandi Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam Pardis Mostajabi Reza Malekzadeh | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，10： | 5 |
| 7 | Retrospective analysis of eFAST ultrasounds performed on trauma activations at an academic level-1 trauma center显示文摘BACKGROUND:Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)has become increasingly integrated into the practice of emergency medicine.A common application is the extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma(eFAST)exam.The American College of Emergency Physicians has guidelines regarding the scope of ultrasound in the emergency department and the appropriate documentation.The objective of this study was to conduct a review of performed,documented and billed eFAST ultrasounds on trauma activation patients.METHODS:This was a retrospective review of all trauma activation patients during a 10-month period at an academic level-one trauma center.A list comparing all trauma activations was crossreferenced with a list of all billed eFAST scans.Medical records were reviewed to determine whether an eFAST was indicated,performed,and appropriately documented.RESULTS:We found that 1,507 of 1,597 trauma patients had indications for eFAST,but 396(27%)of these patients did not have a billed eFAST.Of these 396 patients,87(22%)had documentation in the provider note that an eFAST was performed but there was no separate procedure note.The remaining 309(78%)did not have any documentation of the eFAST in the patient’s chart although an eFAST was recorded and reviewed during ultrasound quality assurance.CONCLUSION:A significant proportion of trauma patients had eFAST exams performed but were not documented or billed.Lack of documentation was multifactorial.Emergency ultrasound programs require appropriate reimbursement to support training,credentialing,equipment,quality assurance,and device maintenance.Our study demonstrates a significant absence of adequate documentation leading to potential revenue loss for an emergency ultrasound program. | Samantha Shwe Lauren Witchey Shadi Lahham Ethan Kunstadt Inna Shniter John C.Fox | 2020 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2020，11，1： | 5 |
| 8 | Evaluation of a point of care ultrasound curriculum for Indonesian physicians taught by fi rst-year medical students显示文摘BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term efficacy of a 4-week ultrasound curriculum taught by American first-year medical students to general practitioners working in public health care clinics, or puskesmas, in Bandung, Indonesia.METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational study of Indonesian health care practitioners from public clinics in Bandung, Indonesia. These practitioners were enrolled in a 4-week ultrasound training course taught by first-year American medical students. A total of six sessions were held comprising of 38 ultrasound milestones. A pre-course and post-course written exam and practical exam was taken by each participant.RESULTS: We enrolled 41 clinicians in the course. The average pre-course exam score was 35.2% with a 2.4% pass rate, whereas the average post-course exam score was 82.0% with a 92.7% pass rate. The average practical score at the completion of the course was 83.2%(SD=0.145) with 82.9% of the class passing(score above 75.0%).CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that first-year medical students can effectively teach ultrasound to physicians in Indonesia using a 4-week intensive ultrasound training course. Future studies are needed to determine the amount of training required for proficiency and to evaluate the physicians' perceptions of the student-instructors' depth of knowledge and skill in point of care ultrasound. | Jonathan B.Lee Christina Tse Thomas Keown Michael Louthan Christopher Gabriel Alexander Anshus Bima Hasjim Katrina Lee Esther Kim Luke Yu Allen Yu Shadi Lahham Steven Bunch Maili Alvarado Abdulatif Gari John C.Fox | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，4： | 4 |
| 9 | Prospective evaluation of point-of-care ultrasound for pre-procedure identification of landmarks versus traditional palpation for lumbar puncture显示文摘BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to determine if point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) pre-procedure identification of landmarks can decrease failure rate, reduce procedural time, and decrease the number of needle redirections and reinsertions when performing a lumbar puncture(LP).METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing POCUS preprocedure identifi cation of landmarks versus traditional palpation for LP in a cohort of patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit.RESULTS: A total of 158 patients were enrolled. No signifi cant difference was found in time to completion, needle re-direction, or needle re-insertion when using POCUS when compared to the traditional method of palpation.CONCLUSION: Consistent with fi ndings of previous studies, our data indicate that there was no observed benefi t of using POCUS to identify pre-procedure landmarks when performing an LP. | shadi lahham priel schmalbach sean p.wilson lori ludeman mohammad subeh jocelyn chao nadeem albadawi niki mohammadi john c.fox | 2016 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2016，7，3： | 3 |
| 10 | Compressive strength and abrasion resistance of concrete containing SiO_2 and CuO nanoparticles in different curing media显示文摘In the present study,abrasion resistance and compressive strength of concrete specimens containing SiO2 and CuO nanoparticles in different curing media have been investigated.Portland cement was partially replaced by up to 2.0 wt%of SiO2 and CuO nanoparticles and the mechanical properties of the produced specimens were measured.Increasing the nanoparticles content was found to increase the abrasion resistance of the specimens cured in water and saturated limewater,while this condition was not observed for compressive strength in the both curing media.The enhancement of abrasion resistance was higher for the specimens containing SiO2 nanoparticles in both curing media.Since abrasion resistance and compressive strength of the specimens followed a similar regime as the nanoparticles increased for the specimens cured in saturated limewater,some experimental relationships has been presented to correlate these two properties of concrete for this curing medium.On the whole,it has been concluded that the abrasion resistance of concrete does not only depend on the corresponding compressive strength. | Shadi RIAHI Ali NAZARI | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，9： | 3 |
| 11 | Effects of CuO Nanoparticles on Microstructure,Physical,Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Self-Compacting Cementitious Composites显示文摘In the present study,split tensile strength of self-compacting concrete with different amount of CuO nanoparticles has been investigated.CuO nanoparticles with the average particle size of 15 nm were added partially to self compacting concrete and split tensile strength of the specimens has been measured.The results indicate that CuO nanoparticles are able to improve the split tensile strength of self compacting concrete and recover the negative effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on split tensile strength.CuO nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 4 wt% could accelerate C-S-H gel formation as a result of increased crystalline Ca(OH)2 amount at the early ages of hydration.The increase of the CuO nanoparticles more than 4 wt% causes the decrease of the split tensile strength because of unsuitable dispersion of nanoparticles in the concrete matrix.Accelerated peak appearance in conduction calorimetry tests,more weight loss in thermogravimetric analysis and more rapid appearance of related peaks to hydrated products in X-ray diffraction(XRD) results all also indicate that CuO nanoparticles up to4 wt% could improve the mechanical and physical properties of the specimens.Finally,CuO nanoparticles could improve the pore structure of concrete and shift the distributed pores to harmless and few-harm pores. | Ali Nazari Shadi Riahi | 2011 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2011，27，1： | 2 |
| 12 | Simpli?ed point-of-care ultrasound protocol to con?rm central venous catheter placement:A prospective study显示文摘BACKGROUND: The current standard for con? rmation of correct supra-diaphragmatic central venous catheter(CVC) placement is with plain ? lm chest radiography(CXR). We hypothesized that a simple point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) protocol could effectively con? rm placement and reduce time to con? rmation.METHODS: We prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit who required CVC placement. Correct positioning was considered if turbulent flow was visualized in the right atrium on sub-xiphoid, parasternal or apical cardiac ultrasound after injecting 5 cc of sterile, non-agitated, normal saline through the CVC.RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients were enrolled. POCUS had a sensitivity of 86.8%(95%CI 77.1%–93.5%) and speci? city of 100%(95%CI 15.8%–100.0%) for identifying correct central venous catheter placement. Median POCUS and CXR completion were 16 minutes(IQR 10–29) and 32 minutes(IQR 19–45), respectively.CONCLUSION: Ultrasound may be an effective tool to confirm central venous catheter placement in instances where there is a delay in obtaining a con? rmatory CXR. | Scan P.Wilson Samer Assaf Shadi Lahham Mohammad Subeh Alan Chiem Craig Anderson Samantha Shwe Ryan Nguyen John C.Fox | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Modeling and optimization of the parameters affecting the in-situ microencapsulation process for producing epoxy-based self-healing anti-corrosion coatings显示文摘 | Ali Ebrahiminiya Mohammad Khorram Shadi Hassanajili Mehdi Javidi | 2018 | Particuology2018，16，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Posterior lingual lidocaine: A novel method to improve tolerance in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of posterior lingual lidocaine swab on patient tolerance to esophagogastro-duodenoscopy, the ease of performance of the procedure, and to determine if such use will reduce the need for intravenous sedation. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy in a tertiary care medical center were randomized to either lidocaine swab or spray. Intravenous meperidine and midazolam were given as needed during the procedure. RESULTS: Patients in the lidocaine swab group (SWG) tolerated the procedure better than those in the spray group (SPG) with a median tolerability score of 2 (1, 4) compared to 4 (2, 5) (P < 0.01). The endoscopists encountered less diffi culty performing the proceduresin the SWG with lower median difficulty scores of 1 (1, 5) compared to 4 (1, 5) in the SPG (P < 0.01). In addition, the need for intravenous sedation was also lower in the SWG compared to the SPG with fewer patients requiring intravenous sedation (13/40 patients vs 38/40 patients, respectively, P < 0.01). The patients in the SWG were more satisfi ed with the mode of local anesthesia they received as compared to the SPG. In addition, the endoscopists were happier with the use of lidocaine swab. CONCLUSION: The use of a posterior lingual lidocaine swab in esophagogastroduodenoscopy improves patient comfort and tolerance and endoscopist satisfaction and decreases the need for intravenous sedation. | Assaad M Soweid Shadi R Yaghi Faek R Jamali Abdallah A Kobeissy Michella E Mallat Rola Hussein Chakib M Ayoub | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，47： | 2 |
| 15 | Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients显示文摘BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery(CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was evaluated.METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease.RESULTS: We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall stiffness.CONCLUSION: Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke. | Allen R.Yu Bima Hasjim Luke E.Yu Christopher Gabriel Alexander Anshus Jonathan B.Lee Michael J. Louthan Esther C.Kim Katrina Lee Christina Tse Thomas Keown Shadi Lahham Maili Alvarado Steven Bunch Abdulatif Gari J.Christian Fox | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，3： | 2 |
| 16 | 欧洲木质纤维素生物质精炼的现状与前景显示文摘2012年,欧洲生物经济战略正式启动,欧盟正式将生物经济定义为:利用和生产可再生生物质资源,并将这些资源和一些废弃物转化为高附加值的生物质产品的经济模式。在该战略及其有关方案的推动下,生物质精炼逐渐成为未来生物经济的重要组成部分。目前,欧洲共有40多家木质纤维素生物质精炼厂,本文主要介绍生物质精炼领域的关键要素,包括原料来源、加工方法和生物质产品市场等,以及这一新产业面临的挑战和未来的发展机遇。欧盟旨在支持该行业实现气候和生物质能源目标,推动欧洲范围内生物质精炼以及生物经济的发展,在一定程度上也为其他国家和地区发展生物经济提供了蓝本。 | 宋雯琪(编译) Shady S.Hassan Gwilym A.Williams Amit K.Jaiswa | 2020 | 中华纸业2020，41，5： | 2 |
| 17 | Effect of Microalloying Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Steel显示文摘Low carbon steels are characterized by good weldability,formability and fracture toughness properties.However,the low strength levels of these steel grades limit their wide applications.On the other hand,increasing the strength by increasing the carbon content and alloying elements deteriorates the other properties.In this study,the microalloying technique was used to examine the possibility of attaining low carbon steels with good combination of strength,ductility and impact properties.A low carbon steel microalloyed with single addition of vanadium and another one microalloyed with combined addition of vanadium and titanium were used in this investigation and their properties were compared with non-microalloyed low carbon steel having the same base composition.Furthermore,other two nonmicroalloyed and V-microalloyed steels with higher carbon,silicon and manganese contents were also investigated to reveal the effect of base composition.Tensile,hardness,room and zero temperature Charpy V-notch impact tests were conducted to evaluate the variations in the mechanical properties of low carbon hot forged steel containing vanadium and combinations of vanadium and titanium.In addition,the microstructures of the different investigated steels were observed using both optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.Furthermore,the hardness of the ferrite phase was also determined using micro-hardness technique.The results showed improvement of the mechanical properties of the investigated steels by both single V-and combined V + Ti-microadditions.Tensile,hardness and impact tests results indicated that good combinations of strength,ductility and impact properties can be achieved by V-microalloying addition.Steel with combination of V and Ti microaddition has much higher hardness,yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and impact energy at both room and zero temperatures compared with non-microalloyed and single Vmicroalloyed steels.Higher C,Si and Mn contents result in increasing the strength accompanied with decreasing the impact energy.Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy studies revealed grain refinement effect of both Vand V+Ti-microadditions.The micro-hardness measurements of the ferrite phase confirmed the precipitation strengthening effect of microalloying elements. | EISSA Mamdouh ABD El-Aziz Ahmed GHALI Saeed HALFA Hossam SABER Shady | 2011 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2011，18，S1： | 2 |
| 18 | Ultrasound curriculum taught by first-year medical students: A four-year experience in Tanzania显示文摘BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging is an integral aspect of care that is often insufficient, if not altogether absent, in rural and remote regions of low to middle income countries(LMICs) such as Tanzania. The introduction of ultrasound can significantly impact treatment in these countries due to its portability, low cost, safety, and usefulness in various medical assessments. This study reviews the implementation of a four-week ultrasound course administered annually from 2013–2016 in a healthcare professional school in Mwanza, Tanzania by first-year allopathic US medical students.METHODS: Participants(n=582, over 4 years) were recruited from the Tandabui Institute of Health Sciences and Technology to take the ultrasound course. Subjects were predominantly clinical officer students, but other participants included other healthcare professional students, practicing healthcare professionals, and school employees. Data collected includes pre-course examination scores, post-course examination scores, course quiz scores, demographic surveys, and postcourse feedback surveys. Data was analyzed using two-tailed t-tests and the single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA).RESULTS: For all participants who completed both the pre-and post-course examinations(n=229, 39.1% of the total recruited), there was a significant mean improvement in their ultrasound knowledge of 42.5%, P<0.01.CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that trained first-year medical students can effectively teach a point of care ultrasound course to healthcare professional students within four weeks in Tanzania. Future investigation into the level of long-term knowledge retention, impact of ultrasound training on knowledge of human anatomy and diagnostic capabilities, and how expansion of an ultrasound curriculum has impacted access to care in rural Tanzania is warranted. | Scan P. Denny William B. Mintccr Rcccc T.H. Fcnning Sahil Aggarwal Dcbora H. Lee Shclla K. Raja Kaavya R. Raman Allison O. Farfcl Priya A. Patcl MarkLicbcr Mcgan E. Bcrnstcin Shadi Lahham John C. Fox | 2018 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2018，9，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Procedural simulation:medical student preference and value of three task trainers for ultrasound guided regional anesthesia显示文摘BACKGROUND: Ultrasound guided regional anesthesia is widely taught using task trainer models. Commercially available models are often used; however, they can be cost prohibitive. Therefore, alternative 'homemade' models with similar fidelity are often used. We hypothesize that professional task trainers will be preferred over homemade models. The purpose of this study is to determine realism, durability and cleanliness of three different task trainers for ultrasound guided nerve blocks.METHODS: This was a prospective observational study using a convenience sample of medical student participants in an ultrasound guided nerve block training session on January 24 th, 2015. Participants were asked to perform simulated nerve blocks on three different task trainers including, 1 commercial and 2 homemade. A questionnaire was then given to all participants to rate their experiences both with and without the knowledge on the cost of the simulator device.RESULTS: Data was collected from 25 participants. The Blue Phantom model was found to have the highest fidelity. Initially, 10(40%) of the participants preferred the Blue Phantom model, while 10(40%) preferred the homemade gelatin model and 5(20%) preferred the homemade tofu model. After cost awareness, the majority, 18(72%) preferred the gelatin model.CONCLUSION: The Blue Phantom model was thought to have the highest fidelity, but after cost consideration the homemade gelatin model was preferred. | Shadi Lahham Taylaur Smith Jessa Baker Amanda Purdy Erica Frumin Bret Winners Sean P.Wilson Abdulatif Gari John C.Fox | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，4： | 2 |
| 20 | Family history and disease outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease:A comparison between China and the United States显示文摘AIM To investigate the differences in family history of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and clinical outcomes among individuals with Crohn's disease(CD) residing in China and the United States.METHODS We performed a survey-based cross-sectional study of participants with CD recruited from China and the United States.We compared the prevalence of IBD family history and history of ileal involvement,CD-related surgeries and IBD medications in China and the United States,adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS We recruited 49 participants from China and 145 from the United States.The prevalence of family history of IBD was significantly lower in China compared with the United States(China:4.1%,United States:39.3%).The three most commonly affected types of relatives were cousin,sibling,and parent in the United States compared with child and sibling in China.Ileal involvement(China:63.3%,United States:63.5%) and surgery for CD(China:51.0%,United States:49.7%) were nearly equivalent in the two countries.CONCLUSION The lower prevalence of familial clustering of IBD in China may suggest that the etiology of CD is less attributed to genetic background or a family-shared environment compared with the United States.Despite the potential difference in etiology,surgery and ileal involvement were similar in the two countries.Examining the changes in family history during the continuing rise in IBD may provide further insight into the etiology of CD. | Pei-Qi Wang Jun Hu Elie S Al Kazzi Eboselume Akhuemonkhan Min Zhi Xiang Gao Raquel Holand de Paula Pessoa Sami Ghazaleh Tuhina Cornelius Suhel Abbas Sabunwala Shadi Ghadermarzi Kartikeya Tripathi Mark Lazarev Pin-Jin Hu Susan Hutfless | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2016，7，4： | 2 |
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