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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Subcellular spatial resolution achieved for deep-brain imaging in vivo using a minimally invasive multimode fiber显示文摘Achieving intravital optical imaging with diffraction-limited spatial resolution of deep-brain structures represents an important step toward the goal of understanding the mammalian central nervous system1–4.Advances in wavefrontshaping methods and computational power have recently allowed for a novel approach to high-resolution imaging,utilizing deterministic light propagation through optically complex media and,of particular importance for this work,multimode optical fibers(MMFs)5–7.We report a compact and highly optimized approach for minimally invasive in vivo brain imaging applications.The volume of tissue lesion was reduced by more than 100-fold,while preserving diffraction-limited imaging performance utilizing wavefront control of light propagation through a single 50-μm-core MMF.Here,we demonstrated high-resolution fluorescence imaging of subcellular neuronal structures,dendrites and synaptic specializations,in deep-brain regions of living mice,as well as monitored stimulus-driven functional Ca2+responses.These results represent a major breakthrough in the compromise between high-resolution imaging and tissue damage,heralding new possibilities for deep-brain imaging in vivo. | Sebastian A.Vasquez-Lopez Raphaël Turcotte Vadim Koren Martin Plöschner Zahid Padamsey Martin J.Booth TomášČižmár Nigel J.Emptage | 2018 | Light(Science & Applications)2018，7，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Femtojoule electro-optic modulation using a silicon– organic hybrid device显示文摘Energy-efficient electro-optic modulators are at the heart of short-reach optical interconnects,and silicon photonics is considered the leading technology for realizing such devices.However,the performance of all-silicon devices is limited by intrinsic material properties.In particular,the absence of linear electro-optic effects in silicon renders the integration of energy-efficient photonic–electronic interfaces challenging.Silicon–organic hybrid(SOH)integration can overcome these limitations by combining nanophotonic silicon waveguides with organic cladding materials,thereby offering the prospect of designing optical properties by molecular engineering.In this paper,we demonstrate an SOH Mach–Zehnder modulator with unprecedented efficiency:the 1-mm-long device consumes only 0.7 fJ bit^(-1) to generate a 12.5 Gbit s^(-1) data stream with a bit-error ratio below the threshold for hard-decision forward-error correction.This power consumption represents the lowest value demonstrated for a non-resonant Mach–Zehnder modulator in any material system.It is enabled by a novel class of organic electro-optic materials that are designed for high chromophore density and enhanced molecular orientation.The device features an electro-optic coefficient of r33<180 pm V^(-1) and can be operated at data rates of up to 40 Gbit s^(-1). | Sebastian Koeber Robert Palmer Matthias Lauermann Wolfgang Heni Delwin L Elder Dietmar Korn Markus Woessner Luca Alloatti Swen Koenig Philipp C Schindler Hui Yu Wim Bogaerts Larry R Dalton Wolfgang Freude Juerg Leuthold Christian Koos | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Transient micro-elastography:A novel non-invasive approach to measure liver stiffness in mice显示文摘AIM:To develop and validate a transient micro-elastography device to measure liver stiffness(LS) in mice.METHODS:A novel transient micro-elastography(TME) device,dedicated to LS measurements in mice with a range of measurement from 1-170 kPa,was developed using an optimized vibration frequency of 300 Hz and a 2 mm piston.The novel probe was validated in a classical fibrosis model(CCl4) and in a transgenic murine model of systemic amyloidosis.RESULTS:TME could be successfully performed in control mice below the xiphoid cartilage,with a mean LS of 4.4 ± 1.3 kPa,a mean success rate of 88%,and an excellent intra-observer agreement(0.98).Treatment with CCl4 over seven weeks drastically increased LS as compared to controls(18.2 ± 3.7 kPa vs 3.6 ± 1.2 kPa).Moreover,fibrosis stage was highly correlated with LS(Spearman coefficient = 0.88,P < 0.01).In the amyloidosis model,much higher LS values were obtained,reaching maximum values of > 150 kPa.LS significantly correlated with the amyloidosis index(0.93,P < 0.0001) and the plasma concentration of mutant hapoA-□(0.62,P < 0.005).CONCLUSION:Here,we have established the first non-invasive approach to measure LS in mice,and have successfully validated it in two murine models of high LS. | Cécile Bastard Matteo R Bosisio Michèle Chabert Athina D Kalopissis Meriem Mahrouf-Yorgov Hélène Gilgenkrantz Sebastian Mueller Laurent Sandrin | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，8： | 4 |
| 5 | A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles显示文摘Phylogenetic studies of Carex L.(Cyperaceae)have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para-or polyphyletic.Yet,taxonomists continue to use subgenera and sections in Carex classification.Why?The Global Carex Group(GCG)here takes the position that the historical and continued use of subgenera and sections serves to(i)organize our understanding of lineages in Carex,(ii)create an identification mechanism to break the~2000 species of Carex into manageable groups and stimulate its study,and(iii)provide a framework to recognize morphologically diagnosable lineages within Carex.Unfortunately,the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Carex is not yet sufficient for a global reclassification of the genus within a Linnean infrageneric(sectional)framework.Rather than leaving Carex classification in its current state,which is misleading and confusing,we here take the intermediate steps of implementing the recently revised subgeneric classification and using a combination of informally named clades and formally named sections to reflect the current state of our knowledge.This hybrid classification framework is presented in an order corresponding to a linear arrangement of the clades on a ladderized phylogeny,largely based on the recent phylogenies published by the GCG.It organizes Carex into six subgenera,which are,in turn,subdivided into 62 formally named Linnean sections plus 49 informal groups.This framework will serve as a roadmap for research on Carex phylogeny,enabling further development of a complete reclassification by presenting relevant morphological and geographical information on clades where possible and standardizing the use of formal sectional names. | Eric H.Roalson Pedro Jiménez-Mejías Andrew L.Hipp Carmen Benítez-Benítez Leo P.Bruederle Kyong-Sook Chung Marcial Escudero Bruce A.Ford Kerry Ford Sebastian Gebauer Berit Gehrke Marlene Hahn Muhammad Qasim Hayat Mathias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Sangtae Kim Isabel Larridon Étienne Léveillé-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceño Enrique Maguilla Jose IgnacioMárquez-Corro Santiago Martín-Bravo Tomomi Masaki Mónica Míguez Robert F.C.Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Daniel Spalink Julian R.Starr Uzma Tamara Villaverde Marcia J.Waterway Karen L.Wilson and Shu-Ren Zhang | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 3 |
| 6 | Towards a standard diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Impact of dietary fat source显示文摘BACKGROUND The trans-fat containing AMLN(amylin liver non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)diet has been extensively validated in C57BL/6J mice with or without the Lep^ob/Lep^ob(ob/ob)mutation in the leptin gene for reliably inducing metabolic and liver histopathological changes recapitulating hallmarks of NASH.Due to a recent ban on trans-fats as food additive,there is a marked need for developing a new diet capable of promoting a compatible level of disease in ob/ob and C57BL/6J mice.AIM To develop a biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH based on an obesogenic diet with trans-fat substituted by saturated fat.METHODS Male ob/ob mice were fed AMLN diet or a modified AMLN diet with trans-fat(Primex shortening)substituted by equivalent amounts of palm oil[Gubra amylin NASH,(GAN)diet]for 8,12 and 16 wk.C57BL/6J mice were fed the same diets for 28 wk.AMLN and GAN diets had similar caloric content(40%fat kcal),fructose(22%)and cholesterol(2%)level.RESULTS The GAN diet was more obesogenic compared to the AMLN diet and impaired glucose tolerance.Biopsy-confirmed steatosis,lobular inflammation,hepatocyte ballooning,fibrotic liver lesions and hepatic transcriptome changes were similar in ob/ob mice fed the GAN or AMLN diet.C57BL/6J mice developed a mild to moderate fibrotic NASH phenotype when fed the same diets.CONCLUSION Substitution of Primex with palm oil promotes a similar phenotype of biopsyconfirmed NASH in ob/ob and C57BL/6J mice,making GAN diet-induced obese mouse models suitable for characterizing novel NASH treatments. | Michelle L Boland Denise Oro Kirstine S T■lb■l Sebastian T Thrane Jens Christian Nielsen Taylor S Cohen David E Tabor Fiona Fernandes Andrey Tovchigrechko Sanne S Veidal Paul Warrener Bret R Sellman Jacob Jelsing Michael Feigh Niels Vrang James L Trevaskis Henrik H Hansen | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，33： | 3 |
| 7 | 策略将在肝移植以后减少丙肝病毒复发显示文摘 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem that leads to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, being the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in several countries. Unfortunately, HCV re-infects the liver graft almost invariably following reperfusion, with an accelerated history of recurrence, leading to 10%-30% of patients progressing to cirrhosis within 5 years of transplantation. In this sense, some groups have even advocated for not retransplanting this patients, as lower patient and graftoutcomes have been reported. However, the management of HCV recurrence is being optimized and several strategies to reduce post-transplant recurrence could improve outcomes, decrease the rate of re-transplantation and optimize the use of available grafts. Three moments may be the focus of potential actions in order to decrease the impact of viral recurrence: the pretransplant moment, the transplant environment and the post-transplant management. In the pre-transplant setting, it is not well established if reducing the pre transplant viral load affects the risk for HCV progression after transplant. Obviously, antiviral treatment can render the patient HCV RNA negative post transplant but the long-term benefit has not yet been fully established to justify the cost and clinical risk. In the transplant moment, factors as donor age, cold ischemia time, graft steatosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury may lead to a higher and more aggressive viral recurrence. After the transplant, discussion about immunosuppression and the moment to start the treatment (prophylactic, pre-emptive or once-confirmed) together with new antiviral drugs are of interest. This review aims to help clinicians have a global overview of posttransplant HCV recurrence and strategies to reduce its impact on our patients. | Ruben Ciria María Pleguezuelo Shirin Elizabeth Khorsandi Diego Davila Abid Suddle Hector Vilca-Melendez Sebastian Rufian Manuel de la Mata Javier Briceo Pedro López Cillero Nigel Heaton | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，5： | 2 |
| 8 | Characterization of the microbial community in indoor environments: a chemical analytical approach 显示文摘 | Sebastian A Larsson L | 2003 | Appl Environ Microbiol2003，69，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Quaternion-MUSIC for vector-sensor array processing 显示文摘 | SEBASTIAN M NICOLAS L B JEROME I M | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing2006，54，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Comparativeassessment of bacterial inoculation and propionic acidtreatment of aerobil stability and microbial populationsof ensiled high-moisture ear corn显示文摘 | Sebastian S Philliy L E Fellner V | 1996 | Journal of Animalsciencr1996，74，： | 1 |
| 11 | Osteopontin reduces biofilm formation in a multispecies model of dental biofilm显示文摘 | Sebastian S Merete K R Peter L W | 2012 | PloS One2012，7，41： | 1 |
| 12 | Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Als1 and Als2 mutations conferring tolerance to acetolactate synthase herbicides in soybean显示文摘 | Kay L Walter Stephen D Strachan Nancy M Ferry Henrik H Albert Linda A Castle Scott A Sebastian | 2014 | Pest. Manag. Sci2014，，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Structure, composition and electrical properties of YSZ films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis显示文摘 | RAMIREZ E B HUANOSTA A SEBASTIAN J P HUERTA L ORTIZ A ALONSO J C | 2007 | Journal of Materials Science2007，42，3： | 1 |
| 14 | A German multicenter,radomized phaseⅢtrial comparing irinotecan-carboplatin with etopnoside-carboplatin as first-line therapy for extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer显示文摘 | Schmittel A Sebastian M Fischer L | 2011 | Ann Oncol2011，22，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Changes in expression,and/or mutations in TGF-beta receptors (TGF-beta RI and TGF-beta RII) and Smad 4 in human ovarian tumors显示文摘 | ANTONY M L NAIR R SEBASTIAN P | 2010 | J Cancer Res Clin Oncol2010，136，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Delayed inhibition ofangiotensin II receptor type 1 reduces secondary brain da-mage and improves unctional recovery after experimentalbrain trauma 显示文摘 | Ralph TK Sebastian W Clara L | 2012 | Crit Care Med2012，40，1： | 1 |
| 17 | A German mtdticenter, randomized phase III trial com- paring irinotecan - carboplatin with etoposide - carboplatin as first -line therapy for extensive -disease small -cell lung cancer 显示文摘 | Schnfittel A Sebastian M Fischervon Weikersthal L et a/ | 2011 | Am Oncol2011，22，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Cyclophilin A is required for TRIM5α-mediated resistance to HIV-1 in Old World monkey cells显示文摘 | Berthoux L Sebastian S Sokolskaja E | 2005 | PNAS2005，102，14： | 1 |
| 19 | A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Part Machine Grouping 显示文摘 | CARLOS A SEBASTIAN L | 2006 | Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing2006，22，： | 1 |
| 20 | Effectiveness of occu pational therapy at home for older people with dementia and their caregivers显示文摘 | Sebastian VR Graff M Rainer L | 2009 | BMC2009，9，44： | 1 |
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