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| 1 | 成人自发性脑出血处理指南——2007年更新版:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会卒中委员会、高血压研究委员会、医疗质量和转归研究跨学科工作组指南:美国神经病学学会确认本指南作为神经科医生教学工具的价值显示文摘目的:本指南旨在为急性自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的综合性推荐意见。方法:通过Medline正式检索截止2006年8月的相关文献,并将撰写委员会已知相关问题的其他论文作为补充,用证据表合并资料。采用美国心脏协会卒中委员会的证据水平分级标准对每项推荐意见进行分级。由5位同行评议专家和卒中委员会领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发表前审阅。预期本指南在3年内完全更新。结果:本文陈述了脑出血的诊断、动脉血压和颅内压增高的处理、脑出血内科并发症的治疗以及复发性脑出血的预防等方面的循证指南。对重组Ⅶ因子延缓早期出血的近期试验进行了讨论。对自发性脑出血治疗的各种外科手术方法提出了推荐意见。最后,对脑出血患者的撤销治疗和临终问题进行了分析。 | Joseph Broderick Sander Connolly Edward Feldmann Daniel Hanley Carlos Kase Derk Krieger Marc Mayberg Lewis Morgenstern Christopher S. Ogilvy Paul Vespa Mario Zuccarello 王玉洁(译) 刘娟(译) 白璇(译) 李新辉 孙虹(译) 姚志成(译) 张慧(译) 牛英翔(译) | 2007 | 国际脑血管病杂志2007，15，7： | 234 |
| 2 | 自发性脑出血治疗指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的指南显示文摘目的本指南旨在为急性自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的综合性推荐意见。方法通过Medline进行规范的文献检索,利用证据表合并资料。撰写委员会成员通过远程电信会议讨论根据资料得出的推荐意见。采用美国心脏协会卒中委员会的证据分级方案对推荐意见进行分级。由6位同行评议专家以及卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会和卒中委员会领导委员会成员对指南的草案进行发表前审阅。预期本指南在3年内完全更新。结果本文为脑出血患者的医疗诊治提供了循证指南。重点包括诊断、止血、血压管理、院内管理和护理、预防内科合并症、外科治疗、转归预测、康复、预防复发以及将来需要考虑的问题。结论脑出血是一种严重的疾病,早期积极救治可影响其转归。本指南为脑出血患者的目标导向治疗提供了一个框架。 | Lewis B. Morgenstem J. Claude Hemphill Ⅲ Craig Anderson Kyra Becker Joseph P. Broderick E. Sander Connolly Jr Steven M. Greenberg James N. Huang R. Loch Macdonald Steven R. Messe Pamela H. Mitchell Magdy Selim Rafael J. Tamargo 王玉洁(译) 王健(译) 刘相玉(译) 谢丽丽(译) | 2010 | 国际脑血管病杂志2010，，8： | 259 |
| 3 | 未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者管理指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的指南显示文摘目的这份更新版指南旨在为未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的管理提供全面的循证建议。方法写作组采用系统文献回顾(1977年1月至2014年6月),参考同期已发表的循证指南、个人文件和专家意见来总结现有的证据,指出现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据美国心脏协会( American Heart Association, AHA)标准做出推荐。本指南经过了包括卒中委员会领导层以及AHA科学声明监督委员会在内的广泛同行评议,然后由AHA科学咨询和协调委员会审批通过。结果本指南对未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的医疗诊治提出了循证建议,涉及临床表现、自然史、流行病学、危险因素、筛查、诊断、影像学以及手术和血管内治疗的转归。 | B. Gregory Thompson Robert D. Brown Sepideh Amin-Hanjani Joseph P. Broderick Kevin M. Cockroft E. Sander Connolly Gary R. Duckwiler Catherine C. Harris Virginia J. Howard S. Claiborne (Clay) Johnston Philip M. Meyers Andrew Molyneux Christopher S. Ogilvy Andrew J. Ringer James Torner 肖国栋 徐加平 石际俊 尤寿江 张霞 刘慧慧 曹勇军 | 2015 | 国际脑血管病杂志2015，23，8： | 127 |
| 4 | 成人自发性脑出血处理指南——2007年更新版 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会卒中委员会、高血压研究委员会、医疗质量和转归研究跨学科工作组指南 美国神经病学学会确认本指南作为神经科医生教学工具的价值显示文摘目的:本指南旨在为急性自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的综合性推荐意见。方法:通过Medline正式检索截止2006年8月的相关文献,并将撰写委员会已知相关问题的其他论文作为补充,用证据表合并资料。采用美国心脏协会卒中委员会的证据水平分级标准对每项推荐意见进行分级。由5位同行评议专家和卒中委员会领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发表前审阅。预期本指南在3年内完全更新。结果:本文陈述了脑出血的诊断、动脉血压和颅内压增高的处理、脑出血内科并发症的治疗以及复发性脑出血的预防等方面的循证指南。对重组Ⅶ因子延缓早期出血的近期试验进行了讨论。对自发性脑出血治疗的各种外科手术方法提出了推荐意见。最后,对脑出血患者的撤销治疗和临终问题进行了分析。 | Joseph Broderick Sander Connolly Edward Feldmann Daniel Hanley Carlos Kase Derk Krieger Marc Mayberg Lewis Morgenstern Christopher S.Ogilvy Paul Vespa Mario Zuccarello 王玉洁 刘娟 白璇 李新辉 孙虹 姚志成 张慧 牛英翔 | 2008 | 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版)2008，2，1： | 29 |
| 5 | 动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血处理指南 美国心脏协会卒中委员会特别写作组给医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)是一种常见病,常常导致严重后果,约占全部卒中病例的5%,在美国每年有多达3万人罹患该病。美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)曾发表过“动脉瘤性SAH处理指南”。此后,在血管内技术、诊断方法以及手术和围手术期管理方面已取得了显著进展。尽管如此,SAH患者的预后依然较差,基于人群研究报告的病死率高达45%,并且存活者会遗留严重残疾。一些多中心前瞻性随机试验和前瞻性队列分析已对SAH的治疗方案产生影响。然而, | Joshua B. Bederson E. Sander Connolly H. Hunt Batjer Ralph G. Dacey Jacques E. Dion Michael N. Diringer John E. Duldner Robert E. Harbaugh Aman B. Patel Robert H. Rosenwasser 高翔(译) 李洛(译) 李海峰(译) | 2009 | 国际脑血管病杂志2009，17，4： | 24 |
| 6 | 关岭及相关生物群沉积与生态环境的探讨显示文摘根据近年来对黔东南至滇东关岭、兴义、贞丰和罗平等地中-晚三叠世含海生爬行动物骨架和(或)深水海百合黑色岩系(通常所称黑色页岩)化石库的研究,现将该区岩石地层单位划分,以及这些黑色岩系化石库生物组合特征、时代、分布、沉积和古地理环境概括如下:1)在关岭—兴义地区中-晚三叠世(安尼期、拉丁期和早卡尼期)地层中,至少夹有3层、甚至4层含海生爬行动物的黑色岩系化石库(或黑色'页岩'化石库),自下而上产盘县生物群、兴义生物群和关岭生物群。云南罗平地区中三叠统关岭组中新发现的'罗平生物群'与盘县生物群层位大致相当。贞丰龙场赖石科组上部新挖掘出的30m厚产创口海百合、双壳类及菊石的黑色岩系,应该是研究地区最高层位的海相三叠纪黑色岩系,时代似属晚三叠世早卡尼期晚期;2)推测这些含海生爬行动物骨架的黑色岩系化石库是在印支造山运动影响下,伴随南盘江前陆盆地隆升和闭合,在扬子克拉通台地边缘所形成的一个或几个边缘凹陷、或边缘盆地之中形成的,这些凹陷或盆地形成之初,表层水充氧,且具有很好的食物链结构,有利于各类海生生物生活;后来的海平面上升至最大海泛期,以及由此引起缺氧和含硫化氢水位的上升,导致这些凹陷逐渐变成安静、滞流的死亡之海和黑色岩系化石库;3)关岭生物群产于晚三叠世卡尼期早期小凹组下段上部黑色岩系之中,是一个典型的在滞流、缺氧且海底没有食腐动物边缘局限盆地中所形成的黑色页岩化石库,以产大量海生爬行动物和深水假浮游海百合为特征,此外还有个别的两栖类和原始龟类发现;4)产于竹杆坡组近底部黑色岩系中的兴义生物群,以产大量肿肋龙类为特点,尤以个体较小的贵州龙最为常见,共生的还有多种鱼类化石,在生物组合和产出层位上,可与阿尔卑斯南部Meride灰岩所夹黑色含沥青页岩化石库对比,时代似应归属拉丁期早或中期;大量米虾在竹杆坡组近底部含贵州龙层的发现,推测兴义生物群可能形成于台地边缘早期并不缺氧,且具有理想食物链结构的浅水、超盐的凹陷或盆地之中。由于存在浮游生物—虾—贵州龙—欧龙—虾—浮游生物所组成的生态组合和食物链结构,从而为解释以肿肋龙类为代表的兴义生物群的繁衍和多生提供了依据;接踵而来的沉积速率下降和缺氧水位的上升,以及间歇性火山作用,导致该特有生态体系的崩溃和化石库的形成。根据对贞丰挽澜竹杆坡组底部首次发现的棘皮动物的化石库的研究,指出该化石库系由海星、细小蛇尾、底栖海百合茎、海胆和海参等5类棘皮动物化石和含贵州龙骨架碎片组成,其下为8m厚夹有薄层的骨层的凝缩层沉积,后者位于硬底之上。此种沉积和埋藏模式与德国上壳灰岩早拉丁期的棘皮动物化石库类似,是在近岸海水不太浅的内陆棚的环境下,由于风暴潮作用所形成的化石库,他们与在滞流、缺氧海底、通过化石聚集所形成的化石库是不同的;5)产盘县生物群的黑色岩系化石库主要见于盘县羊件和普安青山中三叠世(安尼期)关岭组中,与云南罗平地区的'罗平生物群'在层位及生物组合上大致相当,均以含大量混鱼龙、幻龙和欧龙,以及鱼类为特点,共生的还有大量节肢动物。所不同的是后者由于靠近滨岸,故而出现大量幼年期的鱼类以及虾类和鲎类化石,推测他们形成于靠近古陆或滨岸的台缘浅水表层充氧的正常、且有时超盐的凹陷之中,时代上早于阿尔卑斯南部安尼期/拉丁期比塞娄组;其集群死亡除因后期盆地滞流、缺氧外,可能还与风暴和火山作用有关。 | 汪啸风 陈孝红 程龙 王传尚 Bachmann G H Sander M Hagdorn H | 2009 | 古生物学报2009，48，3： | 24 |
| 7 | Pathogenic mechanisms of pancreatitis显示文摘Pancreatitis is inflammation of pancreas and caused by a number of factors including pancreatic duct obstruction, alcoholism, and mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene. Pancreatitis is represented as acute pancreatitis with acute inflammatory responses and; chronic pan-creatitis characterized by marked stroma formation with a high number of infiltrating granulocytes(such as neutrophils, eosinophils), monocytes, macrophages and pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs). These inflammatory cells are known to play a central role in initiating and promoting inflammation including pancreatic fibrosis, i.e., a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. A number of inflammatory cytokines are known to involve in pro-moting pancreatic pathogenesis that lead pancreatic fibrosis. Pancreatic fibrosis is a dynamic phenomenon that requires an intricate network of several autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. In this review, we have provided the details of various cytokines and molecular mechanistic pathways(i.e., Transforming growth factor-β/SMAD, mitogen--activated protein kinases, Rho kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase) that have a critical role in the activation of PSCs to promote chronic pancreatitis and trigger the phenomenon of pancreatic fibrogenesis. In this review of literature, we discuss the involvement of several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as in interleukin(IL)-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL--8 IL-10, IL-18, IL--33 and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the pathogenesis of disease. Our review also highlights the significance of several experimental animal models that have an important role in dissecting the mechanistic pathways operating in the development of chronic pancreatitis, including pancreatic fibrosis. Additionally, we provided several intermediary molecules that are involved in major signaling pathways that might provide target molecules for future therapeutic treatment strategies for pancreatic pathogenesis. | Murli Manohar Alok Kumar Verma Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah Nathan L Sanders Anil Mishra | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2017，8，1： | 21 |
| 8 | Upper-gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease:Incidence and outcomes显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the incidence,surgery,mortality,and readmission of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB)secondary to peptic ulcer disease(PUD).METHODS:Administrative databases identified all hospitalizations for UGIB secondary to PUD in Alberta,Canada from 2004 to 2010(n=7079)using the International Classification of Diseases Codes(ICD-10).A subset of the data was validated using endoscopy reports.Positive predictive value and sensitivity with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated.Incidence of UGIB secondary to PUD was calculated.Logistic regression was used to evaluate surgery,in-hospital mortality,and 30-d readmission to hospital with recurrent UGIB secondary to PUD.Co-variants accounted for in our logistic regression model included:age,sex,area of residence(i.e.,urban vs rural),number of Charlson comorbidities,presence of perforated PUD,undergoing upper endoscopy,year of admission,and interventional radiological attempt at controlling bleeding.A subgroup analysis(n=6356)compared outcomes of patients with gastric ulcers to those with duodenal ulcers.Adjusted estimates are presented as odds ratios(OR)with95%CI.RESULTS:The positive predictive value and sensitivity of ICD-10 coding for UGIB secondary to PUD were85.2%(95%CI:80.2%-90.2%)and 77.1%(95%CI:69.1%-85.2%),respectively.The annual incidence between 2004 and 2010 ranged from 35.4 to 41.2 per100000.Overall risk of surgery,in-hospital mortality,and 30-d readmission to hospital for UGIB secondary to PUD were 4.3%,8.5%,and 4.7%,respectively.Interventional radiology to control bleeding was performed in 0.6%of patients and 76%of these patients avoided surgical intervention.Thirty-day readmission significantly increased from 3.1%in 2004 to 5.2%in 2010(OR=1.07;95%CI:1.01-1.14).Rural residents(OR rural vs urban:2.35;95%CI:1.83-3.01)and older individuals(OR≥65 vs<65:1.57;95%CI:1.21-2.04)were at higher odds of being readmitted to hospital.Patients with duodenal ulcers had higher odds of dying(OR=1.27;95%CI:1.05-1.53),requiring surgery(OR=1.73;95%CI:1.34-2.23),and being readmitted to hospital(OR=1.54;95%CI:1.19-1.99)when compared to gastric ulcers.CONCLUSION:UGIB secondary to PUD,particularly duodenal ulcers,was associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Early readmissions increased over time and occurred more commonly in rural areas. | Samuel Quan Alexandra Frolkis Kaylee Milne Natalie Molodecky Hong Yang Elijah Dixon Chad G Ball Robert P Myers Subrata Ghosh Robert Hilsden Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten Gilaad G Kaplan | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 21 |
| 9 | 同波束VLBI在采样返回式多目标探测器精密测轨测位中的应用显示文摘同波束VLBI即用射电望远镜的主波束同时观测角距很小的两个探测器发出的巧妙配置的多频点信标,据此得到两探测器在两个测站间的误差为皮秒量级的差分相位时延.在月球卫星SELENE的两个小卫星Rstar和Vstar的测定轨中,利用40多分钟的同波束VLBI和测速测距数据数小时的短弧定轨精度已显著提高,而一年多的定轨结果表明弧长数天的长弧定轨精度已达10m左右,充分证明了同波束VLBI在多目标卫星精密测定轨中的作用.本文在介绍SELENE同波束VLBI观测、多普勒数据处理和定轨结果的基础上,以用于月球采样返回探测任务中的多目标探测器如轨道器、着陆器和返回器为例,给出各探测器搭载电波源的信标设计方案及设计原则,并分析S频段多频点同波束VLBI技术在轨道器和着陆器绕月飞行、着陆器月球软着陆、着陆器月球采样、返回器从月面上升、返回器多次变轨、特别是轨道器和返回器交会对接等各个测控段的高精度测定轨或测定位及月球重力场探测中的应用. | 刘庆会 陈明 Sander Goossens 菊池冬彦 松本晃治 平劲松 王广利 郑为民 花田英夫 洪晓瑜 | 2010 | 中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学2010，40，6： | 15 |
| 10 | 城乡链接与农民合作显示文摘30年前的改革使农村土地所有权和经营权分离,并建立了两权分离架构下的家庭联产承包责任制度。以家庭为单位的小农经济体在生产要素市场化、人才城市化和资本全球化的多重压力下前途不明。农村的'原子化'倾向使社区文化和社会价值的再生产难以为继。这些困境促使我们对以城市、以资本为主体的发展方案进行反思。寻求生产者联合和农村社区文化重建的探索已经开始。这些宝贵的探索对21世纪中国的'三农'前途、对城乡关系的调整以及对重新认识和定义'发展',具有重大的理论和实践意义。2009年7月17日至21日,中山大学华南农村研究中心与香港理工大学—北京大学中国社会工作研究中心在中山大学联合举办了'农民合作组织与农村社会工作'的讲习班,参加者共65人,既有来自中国、意大利、英国、美国的学者,也有来自国内的农村基层组织者和致力于推动农民合作探索的社会工作者等。本刊择要发表此次讲习班的部分内容。标题为编者另拟。 | 何慧丽 古学斌 仝志辉 刘老石 贺雪峰 田力为 潘毅 毛刚强 吴重庆 文佳筠 Richard Sanders Luca Colombo Ada Cavazzani 陈雪 何海狮 黄小莉 | 2009 | 开放时代2009，，9： | 14 |
| 11 | A New Triassic Primitive Ichthyosaur from Yuanan, South China显示文摘Based on the systematic study of two fossil skeleton specimens collected from the top of the third member of the marine Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation of Yuanan, Hubei Province, South China, a new Early Triassic primitive ichthyosaur Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis sp. nov. is reported and described. The beds yielding the type material are correlated with the Neospathodus homeri-N. triangularis Conodont zone. The new taxon is most similar to Chaohusaurus geishanensis Young and Dong, 1972 in the shape and configuration of the scapula, forefin, pelvic girdle and hindfin, presacral vertebral count and well-developed caudal peak, but distinguished from the latter by its larger size, the position of the pineal foramen in the centre of the parietal, the occurrence of a larger calcaneum in hindfin and the first sacral rib with distal expansion. The new species exhibits common features of primitive ichthyosaurs such as: (1) the prefrontal has an antero-dorsal shelf projecting towards the orbit; (2) the upper temporal fenestra is small; (3) the postorbital and the squamosal meet laterally to the upper temporal fenestra; and (4) cylindrical centra. However, more derived ichthyosaur characters are seen with the frontal separated from the orbital dorsal margin by the contact of the prefrontal and postfrontal, which offer new clues to the early radiation of ichthyosaurs. | CHEN Xiaohong P. Martin SANDER CHENG Long WANG Xiaofeng | 2013 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2013，87，3： | 14 |
| 12 | Applications of same-beam VLBI in the orbit determination of multi-spacecrafts in a lunar sample-return mission显示文摘Same-beam VLBI means that two spacecrafts with small separation angles that transmit multi-frequency signals specially designed are observed simultaneously through the main beam of receiving antennas. In same-beam VLBI,the differential phase delay between the two spacecrafts and the two receiving antennas can be obtained within a small error of several picoseconds. As a successful application,the short-arc orbit determination of several hours for Rstar and Vstar,which are two small sub-spacecrafts of SELENE,has been much improved by using the same-beam VLBI data together with the Doppler and range data. The long-arc orbit determination of several days has also been accomplished within an error of about 10 m with the same-beam VLBI data incorporated. These results show the value of the same-beam VLBI for the orbit determination of multi-spacecrafts. This paper introduces the same-beam VLBI and Doppler observations of SELENE and the orbit determination results. In addition,this paper introduces how to use the same-beam VLBI for a lunar sample-return mission,which usually consists of an orbiter,a lander and a return unit. The paper also offers the design for the onboard radio sources in the lunar sample-return mission,and introduces applications of S-band multi-frequency same-beam VLBI in lunar gravity exploration and applications during all stages in the position/orbit determinations such as orbiting,landing,sampling,ascending,and docking. | GOOSSENS Sander KIKUCHI Fuyuhiko MATSUMOTO Koji HANADA Hideo | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，6： | 13 |
| 13 | 嫦娥一号绕月卫星对月球重力场模型的优化显示文摘月球重力场是揭示月球内部结构和物质组成的重要信息,探测月球重力场仍然是绕月探测任务中的重要科学目标之一.在已有月球重力场模型基础上,利用嫦娥一号探测数据,并结合'月女神'一号探测器、月球勘察者(LP)及早期月球探测器轨道跟踪数据,本文解算得到了高精度月球重力场模型CEGM02(100阶次),在CEGM01月球重力场模型基础上对模型进行了优化.对新模型的分析结果表明,嫦娥一号卫星轨道跟踪数据的融入,使得对月球重力场长波长部分的解算精度有显著提高,相比于SGM100h模型在5阶以内精度提高约2倍,在10阶以内有明显贡献,在20阶内都有贡献.初步判断这是由于嫦娥一号卫星轨道动量轮卸载的频度不足'月女神'的1/4,而同时轨道相对较高所导致.文中结合CEGM02和激光测月观测结果解算了月球平均转动惯量0.393446(±0.000006),对月球内部构造研究提供了更强的约束. | 鄢建国 平劲松 KOJI Matsumoto SANDER Goossens 唐歌实 李斐 刘俊泽 李金岭 | 2011 | 中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学2011，41，7： | 12 |
| 14 | H pylori infection and other risk factors associated with peptic ulcers in Turkish patients: A retrospective study显示文摘AIM: To identify and evaluate the relative impact of H pylori infection and other risk factors on the occurrence of gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastritis in Turkish patients. METHODS: A total of 4471 patients (48.3% female) out of 4863 attended the Samatya hospital in Istanbul (June 1999 - October 2003) were included. The records of H pylori status (CLO-test), endoscopic f indings of GU, DU and gastritis, personal habits (smoking, alcohol intake) and medication [non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin intake] were analyzed using multi-way frequency analysis. RESULTS: We have found that GU in the presence of H pylori had significant association with aspirin (P = 0.0001), alcohol (P = 0.0090) and NSAIDs (P = 0.0372). DU on the other hand had significant association with aspirin/ smoking/NSAIDs (P = 0.0259), aspirin/alcohol (P = 0.0002) and aspirin/smoking (P = 0.0233), also in the presence of H pylori. In the absence of H pylori GU had significant association with alcohol/NSAIDs (P = 0.0431), and NSAIDs (P = 0.0436). While DU in the absence of H pylori had significant association with smoking/alcohol/ NSAIDs (P = 0.0013), aspirin/NSAIDs (P = 0.0334), aspirin/alcohol (P = 0.0360). CONCLUSION: In the presence of H pylori, aspirin, alcohol and NSAIDs intake act as an independent risk factors that had an augmenting impact on the occurrence of GU and only together on the occurrence of DU in Turkish patients. | Barik A Salih M Fatih Abasiyanik Nizamettin Bayyurt Ersan Sander | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，23： | 11 |
| 15 | Discriminating mild from critical COVID-19 by innate and adaptive immune single-cell profiling of bronchoalveolar lavages显示文摘How the innate and adaptive host immune system miscommunicate to worsen COVID-19 immunopathology has not been fully elucidated.Here,we perform single-cell deep-immune profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)samples from 5 patients with mild and 26 with critical COVID-19 in comparison to BALs from non-COVID-19 pneumonia and normal lung.We use pseudotime inference to build T-cell and monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories and model gene expression changes along them.In mild COVID-19,CD8^(+)resident-memory(TRM)and CD4^(+)T-helper-17(T_(H17))cells undergo active(presumably antigen-driven)expansion towards the end of the trajectory,and are characterized by good effector functions,while in critical COVID-19 they remain more naïve.Vice versa,CD4^(+)T-cells with T-helper-1 characteristics(TH1-like)and CD8^(+)T-cells expressing exhaustion markers(T_(EX)-like)are enriched halfway their trajectories in mild COVID-19,where they also exhibit good effector functions,while in critical COVID-19 they show evidence of inflammation-associated stress at the end of their trajectories.Monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories show that chronic hyperinflammatory monocytes are enriched in critical COVID-19,while alveolar macrophages,otherwise characterized by anti-inflammatory and antigen-presenting characteristics,are depleted.In critical COVID-19,monocytes contribute to an ATP-purinergic signaling-inflammasome footprint that could enable COVID-19 associated fibrosis and worsen disease-severity.Finally,viral RNA-tracking reveals infected lung epithelial cells,and a significant proportion of neutrophils and macrophages that are involved in viral clearance. | Els Wauters Pierre Van Mol Abhishek Dinkarnath Garg Sander Jansen Yannick Van Herck Lore Vanderbeke Ayse Bassez Bram Boeckx Bert Malengier-Devlies Anna Timmerman Thomas Van Brussel Tina Van Buyten Rogier Schepers Elisabeth Heylen Dieter Dauwe Christophe Dooms Jan Gunst Greet Hermans Philippe Meersseman Dries Testelmans Jonas Yserbyt Sabine Tejpar Walter De Wever Patrick Matthys CONTAGIOUS collaborators Johan Neyts Joost Wauters Junbin Qian Diether Lambrechts | 2021 | Cell Research2021，31，3： | 11 |
| 16 | 汉语第三人称回指语形式眼动阅读实验显示文摘回指是篇章连贯的主要手段之一,受多种因素影响。前人文献较少关注回指语形式对回指的影响,而这正是汉语篇章的特色之一。本文运用眼动实验的范式考察汉语母语者阅读理解第三人称回指语形式(第三人称代词或零形式)的差异,包括认知加工时间的长短以及是否影响回指对象的判定,并对比相关语言学研究,旨在揭示汉语母语者理解篇章回指的机制。实验发现:1)汉语母语者阅读话题接续的篇章时,零形式快于代词;而阅读话题转换的篇章时,代词快于零形式。可见母语者对篇章连贯性和回指语形式之间的对应关系非常敏感,篇章连贯性和回指语形式之间有相互作用。2)不管是零形式还是代词,母语者都倾向认为其回指主语,即回指语形式不影响回指对象的判定,但读者会根据篇章的展开理解并修正对回指的判断,证明篇章回指的理解是一个动态的调整过程。 | 李榕 Pim MAK Ted SANDERS | 2016 | 中国语文2016，，1： | 10 |
| 17 | 激光诊断技术在脉冲爆震发动机研究中的应用显示文摘在美国海军研究生院及斯坦福大学的脉冲爆震发动机 (PDE)模型上 ,应用两种新发展的二极管激光诊断技术———光吸收 /高温辐射组合测定法和多路复合可调二极管激光 (TDL)技术 ,测量了其中的温度、各燃烧产物组分等重要参数 ,并与传统方法所得结果进行对比 ,说明新方法可靠、准确 ,适合爆震燃烧流场这种特殊环境 ,测量精度更高 ,而且更加简便。 | 范玮 Jenkins TP Sanders ST Hanson RK | 2001 | 推进技术2001，22，4： | 10 |
| 18 | 对美涤克灵免水消毒洁手液消毒功效的研究显示文摘目的 测试美涤克灵免水消毒洁手液 (6 0 %酒精凝胶 ,简称美涤克灵 )在医疗环境中的抗菌效果 ;评估美涤克灵在反复多次使用后的安全性。方法 对美涤克灵与普通洁手液和杀菌性洁手液的抗菌活性进行了比较 ;实验的设计和方法是遵照美国医护人员手部消毒标准步骤而完成的 ;手部皮肤对各种实验液体经 2 5次连续使用后的反应由皮肤病专家进行鉴定。结果 美涤克灵在标准的洗手过程中杀菌效果为最好 ,其次是杀菌性洁手液 ,再次是普通洁手液 ;美涤克灵和实验中使用的其他两种洁手液均未造成对手部皮肤的不良反应。结论 对于医护人员来说 ,无论是从杀菌效果、使用的便宜性或对手部皮肤的保护性来看 ,美涤克灵都是最理想的医用消毒洁手液 ;我们的实验结果显示美涤克灵也应是普通人群在居家、旅游、工作和上学等日常生活中的理想保健用品 ,因为该产品杀菌效果强、极宜使用 。 | Kathleen Sanders 张子明 关立农 | 2003 | 中华医院感染学杂志2003，13，10： | 10 |
| 19 | Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association显示文摘 | Lewis B. Morgenstern J. Claude Hemphill Craig Anderson Kyra Becker Joseph P. Broderick E. Sander Connolly Steven M. Greenberg James N. Huang R. Loch Macdonald Steven R. Messé Pamela H. Mitchell Magdy Selim Rafael J. Tamargo | 2010 | Stroke2010，，9： | 10 |
| 20 | 中国城市地区0~5岁儿童养育实践相关因素分析显示文摘目的了解我国城市地区0~5岁儿童养育实践情况及其影响因素,为促进我国儿童早期发展、开展父母积极养育指导和服务提供依据。方法2017年8-12月在我国14省15个城市4 515名0~5岁的儿童家长中进行自填式问卷调查,采用父母养育与家庭适应量表(PAFAS)评价父母对儿童的养育实践情况,包括养育一致性、强迫性、鼓励性和亲子关系以及父母的情绪适应、家庭关系和相互协助等多个维度,通过单因素分析和多重线性回归探索儿童个体、父母和家庭因素对父母养育实践的影响。结果我国城市地区0~5岁儿童的父母在PAFAS量表中的总得分为21.00(15.00~28.00)分,该得分的变化与儿童年龄、独生子女、分娩方式、父亲文化程度、家长育儿信心、家长情绪、家庭年收入、家庭结构以及寻求专业支持等因素有关,提示我国儿童养育实践情况存在较大差异并受多种因素影响。结论我国城市地区0~5岁儿童养育实践整体情况良好,养育实践与儿童个体、父母和家庭环境等多种因素有关,关注多重因素的影响有利于提高父母养育技能的培训效果,更好地促进儿童早期发展。 | 杨金柳行 张悦 冯围围 唐鹤 邵洁 王念 王红 孙瑾 骆艳 吕兰 严双琴 赵冬梅 穆立娟 闫冬 汪鸿 高雪 何满 杨静 付敏 Sanders Matthew Haslam Divna | 2019 | 中华流行病学杂志2019，40，4： | 9 |
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