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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | Stress management at the ER: Regulators of ER stress-induced apoptosis显示文摘 | Adrienne M. Gorman Sandra J.M. Healy Richard J?ger Afshin Samali | 2012 | Pharmacology and Therapeutics2012，，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Control of wind-induced tall building vibration by tuned mass dampers显示文摘 | Xu Y L Kwok K C S Samali B | | 0，，01： | 2 |
| 4 | Heat shock pioteins increase resistance to apoptosis显示文摘 | Cotter TG | 1996 | Exp Cell Res1996，223，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Caspases: their intracellular localization and translocation during apoptosis显示文摘 | ZHIVOTOVSKY B SAMALI A GAHM A | 1999 | Cell Death and Differentiation1999，6，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Ocation and severity identification of notch-type damage in a two-storey steel framed structure utilising frequency response functions and artificial neural network 显示文摘 | Samali B Dackermann U Li J C | 2012 | Advances in Structural Engineering2012，15，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Shake table tests on a mass eccentric model with base isolation显示文摘 | Bijan Samali WU YM LI J C | 2003 | Earthquake Engineeri- ng and Structural Dynamics2003，32，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Cleavage of the calpaininhibitor, calpastatin,during Apoptosis 显示文摘 | Pore-Ares M I Samali A Orrenius S | 1998 | Cell Death And Differentiation1998，5，： | 1 |
| 9 | Performance Based As- sessment of Dynamic Soil-structure Interaction Effects on Seismic Response of Building Frames显示文摘 | Fatahi B Tabatabaiefar H Samali B | 2014 | Geo-Risk2014，，： | 1 |
| 10 | A comparative study of apoptosis and necrosis in HepG2 cell:oxidant-induced caspase inactivation leads to necrosis显示文摘 | Samali A Nordgren H Orrenius S | 1999 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1999，255，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Structural determi- nants of DISC function: new insights into death receptor- mediated apoptosis signaling显示文摘 | Sessler T Healy S Samali A | 2013 | Pharmacol Ther2013，140，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Presence of pre-apoptotic complex of pro-caspase-3,HSP60 and HSP10 in the mitochondrial fraction of Jurkat cells显示文摘 | Samali A Cai J Zhivotovsky B | 1999 | EM BO J1999，18，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Use of viscoelastic dampers in reducing wind-incluced and earthquake-induced motion of building structures 显示文摘 | Samali B Kwok K C S | 1995 | Engineering Structures1995，17，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Cleavage of the calpain inhibitor,calpastatin, during apoptosis显示文摘 | PORN-ARES M I SAMALI A ORRENIUS S | 1998 | Cell Death And Differentiation1998，5，： | 1 |
| 15 | Mediators of endoplasmic rcticulum stress-induced apoptosis 显示文摘 | Szegezdi E Logue SE Gorman AM Samali A | 2006 | EMBO Rep2006，7，9： | 1 |
| 16 | HsP27 Protects mi-tochondria of thermotolerant cells against apoptotic stimuli显示文摘 | Samali A Robertson J D Peterson E | 2001 | Cell Stress Chaperones2001，6，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Triggering and modulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress显示文摘 | Samali A Orrenius S | 2000 | Free Radic Biol Med2000，29，34： | 1 |
| 18 | Cott Heat Shock Proteins increase resistance to apoptosis显示文摘 | Afshin Samali Thomas G | 1996 | Exp Cell Res1996，223，： | 1 |
| 19 | High strength polypropylene fibre reinforcement concrete at high temperature显示文摘 | ASLANI F SAMALI B | 2014 | Fire Technology2014，50，5： | 1 |
| 20 | On the role of Hsp27 in regulating apoptosis显示文摘 | CONCANNON C G GORMAN A M SAMALI A | 2003 | Ap- optosis2003，8，1： | 1 |
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