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| 1 | Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: Which way to go?显示文摘AIM: To compare the outcome of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy. METHODS: Prospectively collected data from 293 consecutive patients with acute appendicitis were studied. These comprised of 165 patients who underwent conventional appendectomy and 128 patients treated laparoscopically. The two groups were compared with respect to operative time, length of hospital stay, postoperative pain, complication rate and cost. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences regarding patient characteristics between the two groups. Conversion to laparotomy was necessary in 2 patients (1.5%). Laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with a shorter hospital stay (2.2 d vs 3.1 d, P = 0.04), and lower incidence of wound infection (5.3% vs 12.8%, P = 0.03). However, in patients with complicated disease, intra-abdominal abscess formation was more common after laparoscopic appendectomy (5.3% vs 2.1%, P = 0.002). The operative time and analgesia requirements were similar in the two groups. The cost of treatment was higher by 370 € in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic appendectomy is as safe and effi cient as open appendectomy, provided surgical experience and equipment are available. | Ioannis Kehagias Stavros Nikolaos Karamanakos Spyros Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos Panagopoulos Fotis Kalfarentzos | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，31： | 25 |
| 2 | Wireless capsule endoscopy in the investigation of patients with chronic renal failure and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (preliminary data)显示文摘瞄准:在小肠(SB ) 的察觉调查无线的囊内视镜检查法(WCE ) 的角色在有长期的肾衰竭(CRF ) 并且阴暗流血的病人的病理。方法:有阴暗流血的连续 CRF 病人有希望地被学习。有正常肾的功能并且阴暗流血的病人,与 WCE 在一样的时期期间调查了,被用于结果的解释。结果:十七个 CRF 病人(11 公开, 6 玄术流血) 并且 51 个病人(33 公开, 18 玄术流血) 与正常,肾的功能在这研究被注册。积极 SB 调查结果在 70.6% CRF 病人被检测(P <
0.05 ) 。SB angiodysplasia 在 47% CRF 病人被识别。Univariate 逻辑回归为 angiodysplasia 作为一个重要预兆的因素揭示了 CRF (P <
0.05 ) 。治疗学的措施与积极调查结果在 66% 病人被承担。结论:根据我们的初步的结果, SB angiodysplasia 与阴暗流血在 CRF 病人之中在增加的流行被发现。WCE 在胃肠的病理的诊断并且在计划适当治疗学的干预是有用的并且因此,应该在这组病人的病情的检查被包括。 | Stephanos Karagiannis Spyros Goulas Georgios Kosmadakis Petros Galanis Dimitrios Arvanitis John Boletis Evangelos Georgiou Christos Mavrogiannis | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，32： | 8 |
| 3 | Patterns of airway involvement in inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Extraintestinal manifestations occur commonly in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD). Pulmonary manifestations(PM) of IBD may be divided in airway disorders, interstitial lung disorders, serositis, pulmonary vasculitis, necrobiotic nodules, drug-induced lung disease, thromboembolic lung disease and enteropulmonary fistulas. Pulmonary involvement may often be asymptomatic and detected solely on the basis of abnormal screening tests. The common embryonic origin of the intestine and the lungs from the primitive foregut, the co-existence of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue in both organs, autoimmunity, smoking and bacterial translocation from the colon to the lungs may all be involved in the pathogenesis of PM in IBD. PM are mainly detected by pulmonary function tests and highresolution computed tomography. This review will focus on the involvement of the airways in the context of IBD, especially stenoses of the large airways, tracheo-bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, mucoid impaction, bronchial granulomas, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and the co-existence of IBD with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sarcoidosis and a1-antitrypsin deficiency. | Ilias Papanikolaou Konstantinos Kagouridis Spyros A Papiris | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 7 |
| 4 | Liver cirrhosis-effect on QT interval and cardiac autonomic nervous system activity显示文摘AIM To examine the impact of liver cirrhosis on QT interval and cardiac autonomic neuropathy(CAN). METHODS A total of 51 patients with cirrhosis and 51 controls were examined. Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings were obtained and QT as well as corrected QT interval(QTc) and their dispersions(dQT, dQTc) were measured and calculated using a computer-based program. The diagnosis of CAN was based upon the battery of the tests proposed by Ewing and Clarke and the consensus statements of the American Diabetes Association. CAN was diagnosed when two out of the four classical Ewing tests were abnormal. RESULTS QT, QTc and their dispersions were significantly longer(P < 0.01) in patients with cirrhosis than in controls. No significant differences in QT interval were found among the subgroups according to the etiology of cirrhosis. Multivariate regression analysis after controlling for age, gender and duration of cirrhosis demonstrated significant association between QT and presence of diabetes mellitus [standardized regression coefficient(beta) = 0.45, P = 0.02] and treatment with diuretics(beta = 0.55, P = 0.03), but not with the Child-Pugh score(P = 0.54). Prevalence of CAN was common(54.9%) among patients with cirrhosis and its severity was associated with the Child-Pugh score(r = 0.33, P = 0.02). Moreover, patients with decompensated cirrhosis had more severe CAN that those with compensated cirrhosis(P = 0.03). No significant association was found between severity of CAN and QT interval duration.CONCLUSION Patients with cirrhosis have QT prolongation. Treatment with diuretics is associated with longer QT. CAN is common in patients with cirrhosis and its severity is associated with severity of the disease. | Elias Tsiompanidis Spyros I Siakavellas Anastasios Tentolouris Ioanna Eleftheriadou Stamatia Chorepsima Anastasios Manolakis Konstantinos Oikonomou Nikolaos Tentolouris | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2018，9，1： | 6 |
| 5 | Interferon-a plus lamivudine vslamivudine reduces breakthroughs, but does not affect sustained response in HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM: To investigate the efficacy of combination treatment of IFN-α and lamivudine compared to lamivudine monotherapy, after 24 mo of administration in HBeAg-negative hepatitis B patients.METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients were randomly assigned to receive IFN-α-2b (5 MU thrice per week, n = 24) plus lamivudine (100 mg daily) or lamivudine only (n = 26) for 24 mo. Patients were followed up for further 6 mo. The primary outcome was the proportion with sustained virological response (undetectable serum HBV DNA concentrations) and or sustained biochemical response (transaminase levels within normal range) at 30 mo (6 mo after the end of therapy). Secondary end-points were timed from initial virological (biochemical) response to VBR (BBR, respectively) and the emergence of YMDD mutants across the two arms.RESULTS: Five of twenty-four (21%) patients in the combination arm vs 3/26 (12%) in the lamivudine arm had sustained response (i.e., normal serum transaminase levels and undetectable HBV DNA by PCR assay) 6 mo after treatment discontinuation. A reduction in the emergence of YMDD mutants and in the development of virological breakthroughs was observed in patients receiving combination treatment (10% vs46%, P= 0.01 and 14% vs46%, P= 0.03,respectively).Time from initial virologic response to virologic breakthrough (VBR) was greater among initial responders receiving combination treatment compared to those receiving lamivudine (22.9 mo vs 15.9 mo, respectively; P = 0.005).CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that IFN-α plus lamivudine combination therapy does not increase the sustained response, compared to lamivudine. However,combination therapy reduces the likelihood of VBR due to YMDD mutants and prolongs the time period until the breakthrough development. | Michalis Economou Spilios Manolakopoulos Thomas A Trikalinos Spyros Filis Sotiris Bethanis Dimitrios Tzourmakliotis Alec Avgerinos Sotiris Raptis Epameinondas V Tsianos | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，37： | 6 |
| 6 | Development of a quantum-dot-labelled magnetic immunoassay method for circulating colorectal cancer cell detection显示文摘AIM:To detect of colorectal cancer(CRC) circulating tumour cells(CTCs) surface antigens,we present an assay incorporating cadmium selenide quantum dots(QDs) in these paper.METHODS:The principle of the assay is the immunomagnetic separation of CTCs from body fluids in conjunction with QDs,using specific antibody biomarkers:epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody,and monoclonal cytokeratin 19 antibody.The detection signal was acquired from the fluorescence signal of QDs.For the evaluation of the performance,the method under study was used to isolate the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line(DLD-1) and CTCs from CRC patients' peripheral blood.RESULTS:The minimum detection limit of the assay was defined to 10 DLD-1 CRC cells/mL as fluorescence was measured with a spectrofluorometer.Fluorescenceactivated cell sorting analysis and Real Time RT-PCR,they both have also been used to evaluate the performance of the described method.In conclusion,we developed a simple,sensitive,efficient and of lower cost(than the existing ones) method for the detection of CRC CTCs in human samples.We have accomplished these results by using magnetic bead isolation and subsequent QD fluorescence detection.CONCLUSION:The method described here can be easily adjusted for any other protein target of either the CTC or the host. | Maria Gazouli Anna Lyberopoulou Pericles Pericleous Spyros Rizos Gerassimos Aravantinos Nikolaos Nikiteas Nicholas P Anagnou Efstathios P Efstathopoulos | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 6 |
| 7 | Hemobilia as the initial manifestation of cholangiocarcinoma in a hemophilia B patient显示文摘Hemobilia is a rare manifestation of hemophilia and is usually iatrogenic following liver biopsy. There are only few reports of spontaneous hemobilia in hemophilia patients. Cholangiocarcinoma is a well-established cause of hemobilia. We describe a case of a 70-year-old male, with known haemophilia B and a past history of papillotomy, who presented with classical symptoms of hemobilia. The initial diagnostic work-up failed to demonstrate a potential cause of bleeding other than the coagulopathy. Three months later, he was readmitted to our hospital with a second episode of hemobilia. During the second work-up, a cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed both by imaging studies and by a significant elevation of cancer antigen 19-9. Although hemobilia could be attributed to hemophilia, especially in a patient with previous papillotomy, an underlying malignancy of the biliary tree should be suspected. | Anastassios C Manolakis Andreas N Kapsoritakis Antonis D Tsikouras Fotis D Tsiopoulos Athanassios K Psychos Spyros P Potamianos | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，26： | 5 |
| 8 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A report from a single center显示文摘瞄准:在 laparoscopic 胆囊炎考察并且评估我们的经验。方法:回顾的分析在从经历了 laparoscopic 胆囊炎的 1220 个病人在一个 13 年的时期(1992-2005 ) 期间收集的数据上被执行。结果:死亡率是 0% 。全面患病率是 5.08%(n = 62 ) ,与从损害产生到胆汁的树和膀胱的动脉的最严肃的复杂并发症。在 23 (1.88%) 案例,胆囊炎不能 laparoscopically 被完成,操作被变换成一个开的过程。尽管病人作为天外科案例被安排,医院停留的平均持续时间是 2.29 d,当有延长医院停留的复杂案例在计算被包括。结论:Laparoscopic 胆囊炎是有病人的有利结果的一种安全、最低限度地侵略的技术。 | Konstantinos Vagenas Stavros N Karamanakos Charalambos Spyropoulos Spyros Panagiotopoulos Menelaos Karanikolas Michalis Stavropoulos | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，24： | 5 |
| 9 | Walled-off pancreatic necrosis显示文摘Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN), formerly known as pancreatic abscess is a late complication of acute pancreatitis. It can be lethal, even though it is rare. This critical review provides an overview of the continually expanding knowledge about WOPN, by review of current data from references identified in Medline and PubMed, to September 2009, using key words, such as WOPN, infected pseudocyst, severe pancreatitis, pancreatic abscess, acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), pancreas, inflammation and alcoholism. WOPN comprises a later and local complication of ANP, occurring more than 4 wk after the initial attack, usually following development of pseudocysts and other pancreatic fluid collections. The mortality rate associated with WOPN is generally less than that of infected pancreatic necrosis. Surgical intervention had been the mainstay of treatment for infected peripancreatic fluid collection and abscesses for decades. Increasingly, percutaneous catheter drainage and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography have been used, and encourag-ing results have recently been reported in the medical literature, rendering these techniques invaluable in the treatment of WOPN. Applying the recommended therapeutic strategy, which comprises early treatment with antibiotics combined with restricted surgical intervention, fewer patients with ANP undergo surgery and interventions are ideally performed later in the course of the disease, when necrosis has become well demarcated. | Michael Stamatakos Charikleia Stefanaki Konstantinos Kontzoglou Spyros Stergiopoulos Georgios Giannopoulos Michael Safioleas | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，14： | 5 |
| 10 | Respiratory gated diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver: value of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in the differentiation between most commonly encountered benign and malignant focal liver lesions显示文摘 | Sofia Gourtsoyianni Nickolas Papanikolaou Spyros Yarmenitis Thomas Maris Apostolos Karantanas Nicholas Gourtsoyiannis | 2008 | European Radiology2008，，3： | 4 |
| 11 | Vertebral fracture assessment:Current research status and application in patients with kyphoplasty显示文摘Imaging of the spine is of paramount importance for the recognition of osteoporotic vertebral fractures(VFs), and standard radiography(SR) of the spine is the suggested diagnostic method but is not routinely used because of the cost and radiation exposure considerations. VF assessment(VFA) is an efficient, low radiation method for identifying VFs at the time of bone mineral density(BMD) measurement. Prediction models used to indicate the need for VFA may have little predictive power in subspecialty referral populations such as rheumatologic patients or patients who underwent kyphoplasty. Rheumatologic patients are frequently at increased risk for VFs, and VFA should be performed on an individual basis, also taking in account the guidelines for the general population. Kyphoplasty is a new minimal invasive procedure for the treatment of VFs and is being performed with increasing frequency. Following kyphoplasty, there may be a risk of new VFs in adjacent vertebrae. The assessment and follow-up of patients who underwent kyphoplasty requires repetitive X-ray imaging with the known limitations of SR. Thus, VFA may facilitate the evaluation of VFs in these patients because most of the kyphoplasty patients would fulfill the criteria. In a pilot study, we measured the BMD and performed VFA in 28 patients treated with kyphoplasty. Ratios of anterior to posterior(A/P) and middle to posterior(M/P) height were measured, and Genant's method was used to classify vertebrae accordingly. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for A/P, M/P and the Genant's method were determined. Only 1 patient did not meet the criteria for VFA. Of the 364 available vertebrae, 295 could be analyzed. Most missing data(concerning 69 vertebrae) occurred in the upper thoracic region. Three of the 69 non-eligible vertebrae were lumbar vertebrae with cement leakage from the kyphoplasty procedure. In our hands, VFA was highly reproducible, demonstrating very good agreement in terms of intraobserver and interobserver reliability. Agreement was very good onthe vertebral level, 'vertebrae with kyphoplasty' level and '2 above and 1 below the kyphoplasty vertebrae'level. The application of Genant's method to these patients also resulted in perfect agreement. We believe that the potential value of VFA in patients treated with kyphoplasty requires further evaluation, particularly comparing VFA with SR and performing a longitudinal follow-up. More research will help to adopt care processes that determine which patients require VFA and how often VFA should be performed, while also considering the impact of this technique on the cost of healthcare organizations. | Efstathios Drampalos Konstantinos Nikolopoulos Christos Baltas Alexia Balanika Antonis Galanos Nikolaos Papaioannou Spyros Pneumaticos | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，9： | 4 |
| 12 | Cholangiocarcinoma:A 7-year experience at a single center in Greece显示文摘AIM: To evaluate survival rate and clinical outcome of cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS: The medical records of 34 patients with cholangiocarcinoma,seen at a single hospital between the years 1999-2006,were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with a median age of 75 years were included.Seventeen (50%) had painless jaundice at presentation.Sixteen (47.1%) were perihilar,15 (44.1%) extrahepatic and three (8.8%) intrahepatic.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) and/or magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP) were used for the diagnosis.Pathologic confirmation was obtained in seven and positive cytological examination in three.Thirteen patients had co-morbidities (38.2%).Four cases were managed with complete surgical resection.All the rest of the cases (30) were characterized as non-resectable due to advanced stage of the disease.Palliative biliary drainage was performed in 26/30 (86.6%).The mean follow-up was 32 mo (95% CI,20-43 mo).Overall median survival was 8.7 mo (95% CI,2-16 mo).The probability of 1-year,2-year and 3-year survival was 46%,20% and 7%,respectively.The survival was slightly longer in patients who underwent resection compared to those who did not,but this difference failed to reach statistical significance.Patients who underwent biliary drainage had an advantage in survival compared to those who did not (probability of survival 53% vs 0% at 1 year,respectively,P = 0.038).CONCLUSION: Patients with cholangiocarcinoma were usually elderly with co-morbidities and/or advanced disease at presentation.Even though a slight amelioration in survival with palliative biliary drainage was observed,patients had dismal outcome without resection of the tumor. | Alexandra Alexopoulou Aspasia Soultati Spyros P Dourakis Larissa Vasilieva Athanasios J Archimandritis | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，40： | 3 |
| 13 | Effects of endoscopic sphincterotomy on biliary epithelium:A case-control study显示文摘AIM: To study the long-term effects of endoscopic sphincterotomy on biliary epithelium. METHODS: This is a prospective case-control study. A total of 25 patients with a median age of 71 years (range 49-89 years) and prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for benign disease formed the fi rst group. The median time from ES was 42 mo (range 8-144 mo). Another 25 patients with a median age of 76 years (range 44-94 mo) and similar characteristics who underwent current endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) and ES for benign disease formed the second group (control group). Brush cytology of the biliary tree with p53 immunocytology was performed in all patients of both groups. ERCPs and recruitment were conducted at the Endoscopic Unit of Aretaieion University Hospital and Tzaneio Hospital, Athens, from October 2006 to June 2010. RESULTS: No cases were positive or suspicious for malignancy. Epithelial atypia was higher in the first group (32% vs 8% in the second group, P = 0.034). Acute cholangitis and previous biliary operation rates were also higher in the fi rst group (acute cholangitis, 60% vs 24% in the second group, P = 0.01; previous biliary operation, 76% vs 24% in the second group, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that previous ES was the main causal factor for atypia, which was not related to the time interval from the ES (P = 0.407). Two patients (8%) with atypia in the fi rst group were p53-positive. CONCLUSION: ES causes biliary epithelial atypia that represents mostly reactive/proliferative rather than premalignant changes. The role of p53 immunoreactivity in biliary atypia needs to be further studied. | John Kalaitzis Antonios Vezakis George Fragulidis Irene Anagnostopoulou Spyros Rizos Efstathios Papalambros Andreas Polydorou | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，8： | 3 |
| 14 | Habib EndoHPB: A Novel Endobiliary Radiofrequency Ablation Device. An Experimental Study显示文摘 | Dimitris Zacharoulis Olga Lazoura Eleni Sioka Spyros Potamianos George Tzovaras Joanna Nicholls George Koukoulis Nagy Habib | 2013 | Journal of Investigative Surgery2013，，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Markers of bacterial translocation in end-stage liver disease显示文摘Bacterial translocation(BT) refers to the passage of viable bacteria or bacterial products from the intestinal lumen, through the intestinal epithelium, into the systemic circulation and extraintestinal locations. The three principal mechanisms that are thought to be involved in BT include bacterial overgrowth, disruption of the gut mucosal barrier and an impaired host defence.BT is commonly observed in liver cirrhosis and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the complications of end stage liver disease, including infections as well as hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome. Due to the importance of BT in the natural history of cirrhosis, there is intense interest for the discovery of biomarkers of BT. To date, several such candidates have been proposed, which include bacterial DNA, soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharides endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, calprotectin and procalcitonin. Studies on the association of these markers with BT have demonstrated not only promising data but, oftentimes, contradictory results. As a consequence, currently, there is no optimal marker that may be used in clinical practice as a surrogate for the presence of BT. | Ioannis Koutsounas Garyfallia Kaltsa Spyros I Siakavellas Giorgos Bamias | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，20： | 2 |
| 16 | Fecal calprotectin measurement is a marker of shortterm clinical outcome and presence of mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM To evaluate the utility of fecal calprotectin(FC) in predicting relapse and endoscopic activity during follow-up in an inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) cohort.METHODS All FC measurements that were obtained during a 3-year period from patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission were identified. Data regarding the short-term(6 mo) course of the disease were extracted from the medical files. Exclusion criteria were defined as:(1) An established flare of the disease at the time of FC measurement,(2) Loss to follow up within 6 mo from baseline FC measurement, and,(3) Insufficient data on file. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate whether baseline FC measurement could predict the short term clinical relapse and/or the presence of mucosal healing.RESULTS We included 149 [Crohn's disease(CD) = 113, Ulcerative colitis(UC) = 36, male = 77] IBD patients in our study. Within the determined 6-month period post-FC measurement, 47(31.5%) had a disease flare. Among 76 patients who underwent endoscopy, 39(51.3%) had mucosal healing. Baseline FC concentrations were significantly higher in those who had clinical relapse compared to those who remained in remission during follow up(481.0 μg/g, 286.0-600.0 vs 89.0, 36.0-180.8, P < 0.001). The significant predictive value of baseline median with IQR FC for clinical relapse was confirmed by multivariate Cox analysis [HR for 100μg/g: 1.75(95%CI: 1.28-2.39), P = 0.001]. Furthermore, lower FC baseline values significantly correlated to the presence of mucosal healing in endoscopy(69.0 μg/g, 30.0-128.0 vs 481.0, 278.0-600.0, in those with mucosal inflammation, median with IQR, P < 0.001). We were able to extract cut-off values for FC concentration with a high sensitivity and specificity for predicting clinical relapse(261 μg/g with AUC = 0.901, sensitivity 87.2%, specificity 85.3%, P < 0.001) or mucosal healing(174 μg/g with AUC = 0.956, sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 87.2%, P < 0.001). FC was better than CRP in predicting either outcome; nevertheless, having a pathological CRP(> 5 mg/L) in addition to the cutoffs for FC, significantly enhanced the specificity for predicting clinical relapse(95.1% from 85.3%) or endoscopic activity(100% from 87.2%). CONCLUSION Serial FC measurements may be useful in monitoring IBD patients in remission, as FC appears to be a reliable predictor of short-term relapse and endoscopic activity. | Athanasios Kostas Spyros I Siakavellas Charalambos Kosmidis Anna Takou Joanna Nikou Georgios Maropoulos John Vlachogiannakos George V Papatheodoridis Ioannis Papaconstantinou Giorgos Bamias | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，41： | 2 |
| 17 | Sorption of quaternary ammonium compounds to municipal sludge显示文摘 | Zainab Z. Ismail Ulas Tezel Spyros G. Pavlostathis | 2009 | Water Research2009，，7： | 2 |
| 18 | 现代电子医疗环境中加强隐私和数据保护技术指南显示文摘提高安全意识和对在线数据保护提供指导,无疑是一个至关重要的全球性问题。同样重要的是如何用一种协调一致的方式将它们运用于相关的隐私立法的问题。涉及到医疗环境时,为了保护患者隐私和医疗数据,这两个问题都受到了特别的关注。电子医疗交易需要个人的和医学的信息通过不安全的通信渠道(例如因特网)传送信息,因此捕获病人的电子医疗行为是相当直接的一项工作,它能形成'患者档案',或者暴露与病人病史相关的敏感信息。这个结果很明显是侵犯患者隐私潜在的威胁。我们为希腊共享医疗环境进行了一项风险分析研究,该环境为那些遭受地中海贫血的患者提供治疗,这种以经验为主的嵌入式场景代表了许多其它电子医疗环境;我们利用其结果提供了一个相关的风险评估,着重于对策的描述,这种技术指导的形式可以被用于为保护个人隐私和医疗信息的医疗环境中。 | Stefanos Gritzalis Costas Lambrinoudakis Dimitrios Lekkas Spyros Deftereos 尹捍东 | 2013 | 电子制作2013，21，13： | 2 |
| 19 | Predictors of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in ulcerative colitis显示文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC) is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine. Its course is characterized by flares of acute inflammation and periods of low-grade chronic inflammatory activity or remission. Monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF) are part of the therapeutic armamentarium and are used in cases of moderate to severe UC that is refractory to conventional treatment with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Therapeutic response to these agents is not uniform and a large percentage of patients either fail to improve(primary non-response) or lose response after a period of improvement(secondary non-response/loss of response). In addition, the use of anti-TNF agents has been related to uncommon but potentially serious adverse effects that preclude their administration or lead to their discontinuation. Finally, use of these medications is associated with a considerable cost for the health system. The identification of parameters thatmay predict response to anti-TNF drugs in UC would help to better select for patients with a high probability to respond and minimize risk and costs for those who will not respond. Analysis of the major clinical trials and the accumulated experience with the use of anti-TNF drugs in UC has resulted to the report of such prognostic factors. Included are clinical and epidemiological characteristics, laboratory markers, endoscopic indicators and molecular(immunological/genetic) signatures. Such predictive parameters of long-term outcomes may either be present at the commencement of treatment or determined during the early period of therapy. Validation of these prognostic markers in large cohorts of patients with variable characteristics will facilitate their introduction into clinical practice and the best selection of UC patients who will benefit from anti-TNF therapy. | Evanthia Zampeli Michalis Gizis Spyros I Siakavellas Giorgos Bamias | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Real-time monitoring and control of sequencing batch reactors for secondary treatment of a poultry processing wastewater 显示文摘 | Pierson John A Pavlostathis Spyros G | 2000 | Water Environment Researeh2000，72，5： | 2 |
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