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| 1 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Association between arterial hyperoxia following resuscitation from cardiac arrest and in-hospital mortality显示文摘 | Kilgannon J H Jones A E Shapiro N I | 2010 | JAMA2010，303，： | 1 |
| 5 | Maternal satisfaction with singledose spinal analgesia for labor pain in Indonesin :a landmark study 显示文摘 | Shapiro RL Thior I Gilbert PB | 2008 | Joumal of Anesthesia2008，，22： | 1 |
| 6 | Anxiety and patient participation in clinical decision-making:the case of patients with ureteral calculi显示文摘 | Margalith I Shapiro A | 1997 | Soc Sci Med1997，45，3： | 1 |
| 7 | The physiology of p16INK4A-mediated G1 proliferative arrest显示文摘 | Shapiro G I Edwards C D Rollins B J | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparison of entomopathogenic nematode dispersal from infected hosts versus aqueous suspension 显示文摘 | Shapiro D I Glazer I | 1996 | Environmental Entomology1996，25，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Stem ceLL regeneration of the nucLeus puLposus显示文摘 | Risbud M V Shapiro I M Vaccaro A R | 2004 | Spine J2004，4，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Improvement of renal preservation by verapamil with 24-hours cold perfusion in the isolated tat kidney显示文摘 | NAKAMONO M SHAPIRO J I MILLS S D | 1988 | Transplatation1988，45，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Comparison of ento- mopathogenic nematode infectivity from infected hosts versus aqueous suspension显示文摘 | Shapiro D I Lewis E E | 1999 | Environmental Entomolo- gy1999，28，5： | 1 |
| 12 | The value of SIRS criteria in ED patients with presumed infection in predicting mortality显示文摘 | MOORE R B SHAPIRO N I WOLFE R E | 2001 | Acad Emerg Med2001，18，： | 1 |
| 13 | Risk and management of blood-borne infections in health care workers显示文摘 | Beltrami E M Williams I T Shapiro C N | 2000 | Clin Microbiol Rev2000，13，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Severe hyponatraemia in elderly hospitalized patients: prevalence, aetioIogy and outcome 显示文摘 | Shapiro DS Sonnenblick M Galperin I | 2010 | Intern Med J2010，40，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Factors Affecting Farmers'Hedging Decisions显示文摘 | Brorsen B W | 1988 | North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics1988，10，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Trait stability and fitness of the heat tolerant entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora IS5 strain 显示文摘 | Shapiro D I Glazer I Segal D | 1996 | Biol Control1996，，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Geodesy by Radio Interferometry: Effects of Atmospheric Mod-cling Errors on Estimates of Baseline Length显示文摘 | Davis J L Herring T A Shapiro I I | 1985 | Radio Science1985，20，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Nitrogen partitioning in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-infected hosts and the effects of nitrogen on attraction/repulsion显示文摘 | Shapiro D I Lewis E E Paramasivam S | 2000 | Journal of Invertebrate Pathology2000，76，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Whole blood lactate kinetics in patients undergoing quantitative resuscitation for severe sepsis and septic shock显示文摘 | PUSKARICH M A TRZECIAK S SHAPIRO N I | 2013 | Chest2013，143，6： | 1 |
| 20 | A signaling pathway Leading to metastasis is controlled by N - cadherin and the FGFreceptor 显示文摘 | SUYAMA K SHAPIRO I GUTFMA M | 2002 | Cancer Cell2002，2，4： | 1 |
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