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| 1 | 疑似预防接种异常反应对免疫规划项目的负面影响及应对策略显示文摘疫苗和国家免疫规划项目有效地保护了全球人群,特别是儿童的健康,使其免受天花、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、百日咳等传染病的危害。但伴随预防接种过程发生的疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)引起了公众对疫苗安全性的关注。这些关注如不能得到妥善处理,可能会威胁到已取得成功的免疫规划项目。在发生AEFI时,采取快速适当应对策略有助于避免其对国家免疫规划项目造成负面影响。 | 郭飚 Shannon Rutherfood Cordia Chu | 2008 | 中国疫苗和免疫2008，14，6： | 42 |
| 2 | Sitagliptin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial显示文摘AIM To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin vs placebo on histologic and non-histologic parameters of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS Twelve patients with biopsy-proven NASH were randomized to sitagliptin(100 mg daily)(n=6)or placebo(n=6)for 24 wk.The primary outcome was improvement in liver fibrosis after 24 wk.Secondary outcomes included evaluation of changes in NAFLD activity score(NAS),individual components of NAS(hepatocyte ballooning,lobular inflammation,and steatosis),glycemic control and insulin resistance[including measurements of glycated hemoglobin(Hb A1C)and adipocytokines],lipid profile including free fatty acids,adipose distribution measured using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thrombosis markers(platelet aggregation and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels).We also sought to determine the correlation between changes in hepatic fat fraction(%)[as measured using the Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation(IDEAL)MRI technique]and changes in hepatic steatosis on liver biopsy.RESULTS Sitagliptin was not significantly better than placebo at reducing liver fibrosis score as measured on liver biopsy(mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo arms,0.40,P=0.82).There were no significant improvements evident with the use of sitagliptin vs placebo for the secondary histologic outcomes of NAS total score as well as for the individual components of NAS.Compared to baseline,those patients who received sitagliptin demonstrated improved Hb A1C(6.7%±0.4%vs 7.9%±1.0%,P=0.02),and trended towards improved adiponectin levels(4.7±3.5μg/m L vs 3.9±2.7μg/m L,P=0.06)and triglyceride levels(1.26±0.43 mmol/L vs 2.80±1.64 mmol/L,P=0.08).However,when compared with placebo,sitagliptin did not cause a statistically significant improvement in Hb A1C(mean difference,-0.7%,P=0.19)nor triglyceride levels(mean difference-1.10mmol/L,P=0.19)but did trend towards improved adiponectin levels only(mean difference,0.60μg/m L,P=0.095).No significant changes in anthropometrics,liver enzymes,other adipocytokines,lipid profile,thrombosis parameters,or adipose distribution were demonstrated.The MRI IDEAL procedure correlated well with steatosis scores obtained on liver biopsy in both groups at baseline and post-treatment,and the Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from r=0.819(baseline)to r=0.878(post-treatment),P=0.002.CONCLUSION Sitagliptin does not improve fibrosis score or NAS after 24 wk of therapy.The MRI IDEAL technique may be useful for non-invasive measurement of hepatic steatosis. | Tisha R Joy Charles A McKenzie Rommel G Tirona Kelly Summers Shannon Seney Subrata Chakrabarti Neel Malhotra Melanie D Beaton | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，1： | 18 |
| 3 | Bile acid interactions with cholangiocytes显示文摘Cholangiocytes 在他们的顶端的膜暴露于胆汁酸的高集中。为胆汁酸的选择 transporter,顶端的钠胆汁酸 Cotransporter (ASBT )( 也叫作 Ibat;基因名字 Slc10a2 ) 在 cholangiocyte 上是局部性的顶端的膜。在 basolateral 膜上,四个运输系统被识别了(t-ASBT,多药抵抗(MDR ) 3,一个未辩别出的阴离子 exchanger 系统和器官的溶质 transporter (Ost ) 异侧 transporter, Ostalpha-Ostbeta。一起,这些单向性地搬运 ers 从管的胆汁的行动胆汁酸到发行量。cholangiocytes 吸收的胆汁酸为重新分泌物经由仙子胆管丛再循环回到 hepatocytes 进胆汁。这再循环在 hepatocytes 和 cholangiocytes 之间的胆汁酸被叫作 cholehepatic 分流小径。最近的研究建议 cholehepatic 分流小径可以由于额外的肝的阻塞在胆汁酸并且到改编的全面肝胆管运输作出贡献到长期的胆汁郁积。ASBT 被腺苷 3' 尖锐地调整, 5'-monophosphate (营地) 依赖者易位到顶端的膜并且由 phosphorylation 依赖的 ubiquitination 和 proteasome 降级。ASBT 被变化长期地响应胆汁的胆汁酸集中和煽动性的 cytokines 在基因表示调整。cholangiocyte ASBT 的另一潜在的功能是允许 cholangiocytes 取样胆汁的胆汁酸以便激活细胞内部的表明小径。在细胞内部的钙,蛋白质激酶 C (PKC ) , phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K ) ,激活 mitogen 的蛋白质(地图) 激酶和细胞外的调整信号的蛋白质激酶(英皇家空军之阶级最低之兵) 的胆汁酸扳机变化细胞内部的信号。胆汁酸显著地改变 cholangiocyte 分泌物,增长和幸存。不同胆汁酸在 cholangiocyte 上有微分效果细胞内部发信号,并且在一些例子,扳机反对在 cholangiocyte 上完成分泌物,增长和幸存。在这些之上基于概念和观察, cholangiocyte 被建议了是为在肝的胆汁酸的原则目标房间。 | Xuefeng Xia Heather Francis Shannon Glaser Gianfranco Alpini Gene LeSage | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，22： | 16 |
| 4 | Characterizing a large outbreak of dengue fever in Guangdong Province, China显示文摘Background:Dengue cases have been reported each year for the past 25 years in Guangdong Province,China with a recorded historical peak in 2014.This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of this large outbreak in order to better understand its epidemic factors and to inform control strategies.Methods:Data for clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed dengue fever cases in 2014 were extracted from the China Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System.We analyzed the incidence and characteristics of imported and indigenous cases in terms of population,temporal and spatial distributions.Results:A total of 45224 dengue fever cases and 6 deaths were notified in Guangdong Province in 2014,with an incidence of 47.3 per 100000 people.The elderly(65+years)represented 11.7%of total indigenous cases with the highest incidence(72.3 per 100000).Household workers and the unemployed accounted for 23.1%of indigenous cases.The majority of indigenous cases occurred in the 37th to 44th week of 2014(September and October)and almost all(20 of 21)prefecture-level cities in Guangdong were affected.Compared to the non-Pearl River Delta Region,the Pearl River Delta Region accounted for the majority of dengue cases and reported cases earlier in 2014.Dengue virus serotypes 1(DENV-1),2(DENV-2)and 3(DENV-3)were detected and DENV-1 was predominant(88.4%).Conclusions:Dengue fever is a serious public health problem and is emerging as a continuous threat in Guangdong Province.There is an urgent need to enhance dengue surveillance and control,especially for the high-risk populations in high-risk areas. | Jian-Peng Xiao Jian-Feng He Ai-Ping Deng Hua-Liang Lin Tie Song Zhi-Qiang Peng Xiao-Cheng Wu Tao Liu Zhi-Hao Li Shannon Rutherford Wei-Lin Zeng Xing Li Wen-Jun Ma Yong-Hui Zhang | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 13 |
| 5 | 中加合作农业生态学“双语+精品”课程建设的探索与实践显示文摘在国际教育合作背景下,福建农林大学引进的农业生态学(Agroecology)课程与福建省甚至全国高校双语课程相比具有独特的优势。本文回顾了中加合作《农业生态学》双语课程的引进和适应过程,以及其作为福建省'精品课程'的教学体系、风格、方式及其建设成效;最后作者提出从促进国际交流、加强教材建设和教学成果的推广应用等3方面努力把该课程建成国家级'双语示范课程'。 | 王松良 Claude D Caldwell Shannon Kilyanek 林德喜 魏丽卿 | 2010 | 福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2010，13，1： | 12 |
| 6 | Involvement of cholangiocyte proliferation in biliary fibrosis显示文摘Cholangiocytes are the epithelial cells that line the biliary tree.In the adult liver,they are a mitotically dormant cell population,unless ductular reaction is triggered by injury.The ability of cholangiocytes to proliferate is important in many different human pathological liver conditions that target this cell type,which are termed cholangiopathies(i.e.primary biliary cirrhosis,primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary atresia).In our article,we provide background information on the morphological and functional heterogeneity of cholangiocytes,summarize what is currently known about their proliferative processes,and briefly describe the diseases that target these cells.In addition,we address recent findings that suggest cholangiocyte involvement in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation and liver fibrosis,and propose directions for future studies. | Sally Priester Candace Wise Shannon S Glaser | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2010，1，2： | 10 |
| 7 | Estrogens and the pathophysiology of the biliary tree显示文摘有关不同纸巾上的雌激素效果的科学框架在最后十年期间极其膨胀了,当时雌激素受体(嗯) 子类型被识别。雌激素是不仅必要的因为雌性生殖系统,而且他们也包括心血管系统,骨头,大脑和肝在另外的纸巾控制基本功能。最近,在他们调制 cholangiocytes 的增生的和分泌活动的地方,雌激素被显示了指向胆汁的树,上皮细胞衬里胆汁管。由在两雌激素受体(ER-alpha ) 并且(上扮演嗯贝它) 子类型,并且由激活 genomic 或 non-genomic 小径,雌激素在生长因素和 cytokines 的复杂的环起一个关键作用,它调制 cholangiocytes 的增生的反应损坏。明确地,雌激素激活细胞内部的发信号的串联[英皇家空军之阶级最低之兵( 1/2 )(细胞外的调整家族 ases ( 1/2 ),PI3- kinase/AKT (phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase/AKT )]典型地代表象象生长因素( IGF1 )一样的胰岛素那样的生长因素,神经生长因素( NGF )和脉管的内皮生长因素( VEGF ),因此加强他们的行动。另外,雌激素在增殖的 cholangiocytes 刺激不同生长因素的分泌物。这评论明确地处理与雌激素处于正常、病理学的条件由调制 cholangiocyte 功能的角色和机制有关的最近的进展。 | Domenico Alvaro Maria Grazia Mancino Paolo Onori Antonio Franchitto Gianfranco Alpini Heather Francis Shannon Glaset Eugenio Gaudio | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，22： | 9 |
| 8 | Cholangiocytes and blood supply显示文摘胆汁的树的微脉管的供应,仙子胆管丛(PBP ) ,源自肝的动脉树枝和流动进肝窦状隙。PBP 的详细三维的研究被使用扫描电子执行了显微镜学脉管的腐蚀演员组(SEMvcc ) 技术。认为 PBP 在支持胆汁的上皮的能分泌、吸收性的功能起一个基本作用,他们在常态和病理的组织被探索。正常的肝证明 PBP 安排在 extra-附近 -- 并且肝内的胆汁的树。在小门道, PBP 被日益增多地继续了它显示出一个更复杂的脉管的网络的额外的肝的 PBP 的 capillaries 的单个层描绘。在普通的管结扎(BDL ) 以后,胆汁管和 PBP 增长的进步修正被观察。PBP 介绍在许多胆汁管附近安排的一个三维的网络并且作为容器的捆出现,由有典型圆网孔结构的同类的直径的 capillaries 镇静。PBP 网络从显得正常的正弦曲线网络是容易可区分的。在 BDL 期间考虑 PBP 的庞大的延期,脉管的内皮生长因素(VEGF ) 起的可能的作用被评估。VEGF -- A, VEGF-C 和他们的相关受体高度出现了在 BDL 老鼠的增殖的 cholangiocytes 积极的免疫。到象肝的动脉结扎一样的 BDL 老鼠的 anti-VEGF-A 或 anti-VEGF-C 抗体的管理导致了一个减少的胆汁管团。rVEGF 的管理 -- 到 BDL 肝的动脉的 A 绑扎老鼠阻止了 cholangiocyte 增长和 VEGF 的减少 -- 表情作为与 BDL 控制老鼠相比。这些数据处于 cholangiocyte 增长的条件建议胆汁的树的动脉的血供给的角色,例如它发生在长期的胆汁郁积期间。在另一方面, VEGF 作为在 cholangiocytes 和 PBP endothelial 之间的串音的一个工具起的作用建议 VEGF 版本和功能的那操作能为肝的动脉或胆汁的树的损坏描绘的人的病理学的条件代表治疗学的策略。 | Eugenio Gaudio Antonio Franchitto Luigi Pannarale Guido Carpino Gianfranco Alpini Heather Francis Shannon Glaser Domenico Alvaro Paolo Onori | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，22： | 9 |
| 9 | Anterior herniation of lumbar disc induces persistent visceral pain: discogenic visceral pain显示文摘 | TANG Yuan-zhang Moore-Langston Shannon LAI Guang-hui LI Xuan-ying LI Na N1 Jia-xiang | 2013 | Chinese Medical Journal2013，，24： | 8 |
| 10 | Disease monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘The optimal method for monitoring quiescent disease in patients with Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis is yet to be determined. Endoscopic evaluation with ileocolonoscopy is the gold standard but is invasive,costly,and time-consuming. There are many commercially available biomarkers that may be used in clinical practice to evaluate disease status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),but the most widely adopted biomarkers are C-reactive protein(CRP) and fecal calprotectin(FC). This review summarizes the evidence for utilizing CRP and FC for monitoring IBD during clinical remission and after surgical resection. Endoscopic correlation with CRP and FC is evaluated in each disease state. Advantages and drawbacks of each biomarker are discussed with special consideration of isolated ileal CD. Fecal immunochemical testing,traditionally used for colorectal cancer screening,is mentioned as a potential new alternative assay in the evaluation of IBD. Based on a mixture of information gleaned from biomarkers,clinical status,and endoscopic evaluation,the best treatment decisions can be made for the patient with IBD. | Shannon Chang Lisa Malter David Hudesman | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，40： | 8 |
| 11 | Abigaille-Ⅲ: A Versatile, Bioinspired Hexapod for Scaling Smooth Vertical Surfaces显示文摘 | Michael Henrey Ausama Ahmed Paolo Boscariol Lesley Shannon Carlo Menon | 2014 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2014，11，1： | 8 |
| 12 | 康复医学继续教育项目模式和评估方法设计及实施体验显示文摘康复医学作为一个临床医学学科相对于其他学科起步较晚、发展时间短,但是在近30余年康复医学已经从无到有,并逐渐发展成一个成熟的学科[1]。由于社会的发展、社会劳动结构的改变、社会的老龄化、疾病谱的改变、急诊救治率的提高等都对康复医学提出了更多和更高的需求[2—3]。"5.12"四川特大地震发生后,党和政府高度重视地震伤员的康复工作,提出"用任务带动学科发展"的要求。 | Shannon H.Houser 陈亚平 杨延砚 赵炳楠 王慧 肖文慧 冯威 徐丽华 周谋望 于长隆 | 2011 | 中国康复医学杂志2011，26，3： | 8 |
| 13 | A Progressive Deployment Strategy for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control to Improve Trafc Dynamics显示文摘Cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)vehicles are intelligent vehicles that use vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)to share trafc information in real time.Previous studies have shown that CACC could have an impact on increasing highway capacities at high market penetration.Since reaching a high CACC market penetration level is not occurring in the near future,this study presents a progressive deployment approach that demonstrates to have a great potential of reducing trafc congestions at low CACC penetration levels.Using a previously developed microscopic trafc simulation model of a freeway with an on-ramp—created to induce perturbations and trigger stop-and-go trafc,the CACC system s efect on the trafc performance is studied.The results show signifcance and indicate the potential of CACC systems to improve trafc characteristics which can be used to reduce trafc congestion.The study shows that the impact of CACC is positive and not only limited to a high market penetration.By giving CACC vehicles priority access to high-occupancy vehicle(HOV)lanes,the highway capacity could be signifcantly improved with a CACC penetration as low as 20%. | Georges M.Arnaout Shannon Bowling | 2014 | International Journal of Automation and computing2014，11，1： | 7 |
| 14 | 美国卫生管理专业硕士认证制度的发展及启示显示文摘随着医疗改革的深入,我国卫生管理硕士教育的质量改进面临更多的机会和挑战。卫生管理专业的认证不仅能促进卫生管理教育质量持续改进,还可以为卫生相关机构提供交流平台,为其提供高质量人才,从而促进卫生系统的整体改善。美国卫生管理专业硕士(MHA或MSHA)认证机构从'大学卫生管理专业协会'(AUPHA)发展到'卫生管理教育认证委员会'(CAHME),其目标、任务、标准和认证重点也在灵活地随着时代的变化而逐步发展。其中,CAHME基于'胜任力'模型的认证标准是值得我国卫生管理专业教育发展借鉴的。 | 瞿星 Shannon H.Houser 何梦颖 | 2014 | 现代医院管理2014，12，2： | 7 |
| 15 | Novel interactions of mitochondria and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in alcohol mediated liver disease显示文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be a contributing factor to a number of diseases including chronic alcohol induced liver injury. While there is a detailed understanding of the metabolic pathways and proteins of the liver mitochondrion, little is known regarding how changes in the mitochondrial proteome may contribute to the development of hepatic pathologies. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species disrupt mitochondrial function through post-translational modifications to the mitochondrial proteome. Indeed, various new affinity labeling reagents are available to test the hypothesis that post-translational modification of proteins by reactive species contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Specialized proteomic techniques are also now available, which allow for identification of defects in the assembly of multi-protein complexes in mitochondria and the resolution of the highly hydrophobic proteins of the inner membrane. In this review knowledge gained from the study of changes to the mitochondrial proteome in alcoholic hepatotoxicity will be described and placed into a mechanistic framework to increase understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in liver disease. | Sudheer K Mantena Adrienne L King Kelly K Andringa Aimee Landar Victor Darley-Usmar Shannon M Bailey | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，37： | 7 |
| 16 | Adsorption of rare earth ions using carbonized polydopamine nano carbon shells显示文摘Herein we reported the structure effects of carbon nano-shells prepared by the carbonization of polydopamine for the adsorption of rare earth elements(REEs) for the first time. Solid carbon spheres, 60 nm carbon shells and 500 nm carbon shells were prepared and evaluated for adsorption and desorption of REEs. The adsorption performance of carbon nano-shells for REEs was far superior to the solid carbon spheres. In addition, the effect of acidity on the adsorption and desorption properties was discussed. The good adsorption performance of the carbon nano-shells could be attributed to their pore structure, specific surface area, and the presence of both amine and carbonyl groups from the grafted dopamine. | 孙晓琦 LUO Huimin Shannon M.Mahurin LIU Rui HOU Xisen DAI Sheng | 2016 | Journal of Rare Earths2016，34，1： | 6 |
| 17 | Spatiotemporal microRNA profile in peripheral nerve regeneration:miR-138 targets vimentin and inhibits Schwann cell migration and proliferation显示文摘While the peripheral nervous system has regenerative ability,restoration of sufficient function remains a challenge.Vimentin has been shown to be localized in axonal growth fronts and associated with nerve regeneration,including myelination,neuroplasticity,kinase signaling in nerve axoplasm,and cell migration;however,the mechanisms regulating its expression within Schwann cell(SC) remain unexplored.The aim of this study was to profile the spatial and temporal expression profile of micro RNA(mi RNA) in a regenerating rat sciatic nerve after transection,and explore the potential role of mi R-138-5 p targeting vimentin in SC proliferation and migration.A rat sciatic nerve transection model,utilizing a polyethylene nerve guide,was used to investigate mi RNA expression at 7,14,30,60,and 90 days during nerve regeneration.Relative levels of mi RNA expression were determined using microarray analysis and subsequently validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.In vitro assays were conducted with cultured Schwann cells transfected with mi RNA mimics and assessed for migratory and proliferative potential.The top seven dysregulated mi RNAs reported in this study have been implicated in cell migration elsewhere,and GO and KEGG analyses predicted activities essential to wound healing.Transfection of one of these,mi RNA-138-5 p,into SCs reduced cell migration and proliferation.mi R-138-5 p has been shown to directly target vimentin in cancer cells,and the luciferase assay performed here in rat Schwann cells confirmed it.These results detail a role of mi R-138-5 p in rat peripheral nerve regeneration and expand on reports of it as an important regulator in the peripheral nervous system. | Travis B.Sullivan Litchfield C.Robert Patrick A.Teebagy Shannon E.Morgan Evan W.Beatty Bryan J.Cicuto Peter K.Nowd Kimberly M.Rieger-Christ David J.Bryan | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，7： | 6 |
| 18 | 住院病人跌倒风险因素预测分析显示文摘[目的]对综合性医院住院病人跌倒风险因素进行预测分析。[方法]采用病例-对照的方法,采集深圳市某综合性医院108例跌倒不良事件病人相关因素,通过跌倒病人邻床的病人按照1∶1比例进行配对,采用二分类Logistic回归进行结局为二分类资料的影响因素分析。[结果]经Logistic回归分析得出病人自理能力评估中转移与活动两项评分为15分或者20分(百分制)、病人使用苯二氮■类药物这两个因素具有显著的预测意义,OR值分别为9.227(P<0.05)、5.258(P<0.05);病人是否因跌倒入院或者入院后发生跌倒这一因素具有一定的预测意义(P为0.096,OR值为2.146)。[结论]建议将病人自理能力评估中转移与活动两项评分为15分或者20分(百分制)、服用苯二氮■类药物、有跌倒史3个因素作为综合性医院筛查成年住院病人跌倒风险的预测因素。 | 易艳芝 Shannon H Houser 石兰萍 周金阳 | 2019 | 护理研究2019，33，9： | 6 |
| 19 | The dependences of osteocyte network on bone compartment, age, and disease显示文摘Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, form an interconnected network in the lacunar-canalicular pore system(LCS) buried within the mineralized matrix, which allows osteocytes to obtain nutrients from the blood supply, sense external mechanical signals, and communicate among themselves and with other cells on bone surfaces. In this study, we examined key features of the LCS network including the topological parameter and the detailed structure of individual connections and their variations in cortical and cancellous compartments, at different ages, and in two disease conditions with altered mechanosensing(perlecan deficiency and diabetes).LCS network showed both topological stability, in terms of conservation of connectivity among osteocyte lacunae(similar to the ‘‘nodes' ' in a computer network), and considerable variability the pericellular annular fluid gap surrounding lacunae and canaliculi(similar to the ‘‘bandwidth'' of individual links in a computer network). Age, in the range of our study(15–32 weeks), affected only the pericellular fluid annulus in cortical bone but not in cancellous bone. Diabetes impacted the spacing of the lacunae, while the perlecan deficiency had a profound influence on the pericellular fluid annulus. The LCS network features play important roles in osteocyte signaling and regulation of bone growth and adaptation. | Xiaohan Lai Christopher Price Shannon Modla William R Thompson Jeffrey Caplan Catherine B Kirn-Safran Liyun Wang | 2015 | Bone Research2015，3，2： | 6 |
| 20 | Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis and growth显示文摘Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer originating from the neoplastic transformation of the epithelial cells (i.e. cholangiocytes) that line the biliary tract. The prognosis for patients with cholangiocarcinoma is grim due to lack of viable treatment options. The increase in world-wide incidence and mortality from cholangiocarcinoma highlights the importance of understanding the intracellular mechanisms that trigger the neoplastic transformation of cholangiocytes and the growth of biliary cancers. The purpose of the following review is to address what has been learned over the past decade concerning the molecular basis of cholangiocarcinogenesis. The material presented is divided into two sections:(1) mechanisms regulating neoplastic transformation of cholangiocytes; and (2) factors regulating cholangiocarcinoma growth. An understanding of the growth regulatory mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma will lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for this devastating cancer. | Candace Wise Metaneeya Pilanthananond Benjamin F Perry Gianfranco Alpini Michael McNeal Shannon S Glaser | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，19： | 5 |
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