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| 1 | Resection vs thermal ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma:What's the first choice?显示文摘Nowadays,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is frequently diagnosed at an early stage,opening good perspectives to radical treatment by means of liver transplantation,surgical resection,or percutaneous ablation.Liver transplantation is considered the best option,but the lack of liver donors represents a major limitation.Therefore,surgical resection,offering a 5-year-survival rate of over 50%,is considered the first-choice treatment for patients with early stage HCC,whereas percutaneous ablation is usually reserved to patients who are not candidate to surgery.However,in the recent years some trials showed that percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) can be as effective as surgical resection in terms of overall survival and recurrencefree survival rates in patients with small HCC,and a retrospective comparative study reported 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates and recurrence-free survival rates significantly better in patients with central HCC measuring 2 cm or smaller treated with RFA than in those treated with surgical resection.RFA is less expensive,less invasive,with lower complication rate and shorter hospital stay than surgical resection,and on the basis of the results of these studies it should be considered the first option in the treatment of very early HCC.However,RFA is size-dependent,so at present the need to achieve an adequate safety margin around the tumor limits to about 2 cm the diameter of the nodules that can be ablated with long-term outcomes comparable to or better than surgical resection.The main goal of the next technical developments of the thermal ablation systems should be the achievement of larger ablation areas with a single needle insertion.In this regard,the recent improvements in microwave energy delivery systems seem to open interesting perspectives to percutaneous microwave ablation,which could become the ablation technique of choice in the next future. | Paola Tombesi Francesca Di Vece Sergio Sartori | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，1： | 50 |
| 2 | Aggressive behaviour of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in adults:A case report and review of the literature显示文摘Solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare neoplasm of the pancreas that usually occurs in young females. It is generally considered a low-grade malignant tumor that can remain asymptomatic for several years. The occurrence of infiltrating varieties of SPT is around 10%-15%. Between 1986 and 2006, 282 cystic tumors of the pancreas were observed. Among them a SPT was diagnosed in 8 patients (2.8%) with only one infiltrating variety. This was diagnosed in a 49-year-old female 13 years after the sonographic evidence of a small pancreatic cystic lesion interpreted as a pseudocyst. The tumor invaded a long segment of the portal- mesenteric vein confluence, and was removed with a total pancreatectomy, resection of the portal vein and reconstruction with the internal jugular vein. Histological examination confirmed the R-0 resection of the primary SPT, although a vascular invasion was demonstrated. The postoperative course was uneventful, but 32 mo after surgery the patient experienced diffuse liver metastases. Chemotherapy with different drugs was started. The patient is alive and symptom-free, with stable disease, 75 mo after surgery. Twenty-five patients with invasion of the portal vein and/or of mesenteric vessels were retrieved from the literature, 16 recent patients with tumor relapse after potentially curative resection were also retrieved. The best treatment remains a radical resection whenever possible, even in locally advanced or metastatic disease. The role of chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, is still to be defined. | Cosimo Sperti Mattia Berselli Claudio Pasquali Davide Pastorelli Sergio Pedrazzoli | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，6： | 44 |
| 3 | Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: Risk factor updates and societal impact显示文摘Osteoporosis is a silent disease without any evidence of disease until a fracture occurs. Approximately 200 million people in the world are affected by osteoporosis and 8.9 million fractures occur each year worldwide. Fractures of the hip are a major public health burden, by means of both social cost and health condition of the elderly because these fractures are one of the main causes of morbidity, impairment, decreased quality of life and mortality in women and men. The aim of this review is to analyze the most important factors related to the enormous impact of osteoporotic fractures on population. Among the most common risk factors, low body mass index; history of fragility fracture, environmental risk, early menopause, smoking, lack of vitamin D, endocrine disorders(for example insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), use of glucocorticoids, excessive alcohol intake, immobility and others represented the main clinical risk factors associated with augmented risk of fragility fracture. The increasing trend of osteoporosis is accompanied by an underutilization of the available preventive strategies and only a small number of patients at high fracture risk are recognized and successively referred for therapy. This report provides analytic evidences to assess the best practices in osteoporosis management and indications for the adoption of a correct healthcare strategy to significantly reduce the osteoporosis burden. Early diagnosis is the key to resize the impact of osteoporosis on healthcare system. In this context, attention must be focused on the identification of high fracture risk among osteoporotic patients. It is necessary to increase national awareness campaigns across countries in order to reduce the osteoporotic fractures incidence. | Paola Pisani Maria Daniela Renna Francesco Conversano Ernesto Casciaro Marco Di Paola Eugenio Quarta Maurizio Muratore Sergio Casciaro | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，3： | 39 |
| 4 | 选区激光熔化成形颗粒增强铝基复合材料综述显示文摘选区激光熔化(SLM)是一种新兴逐层增材制造技术,能够生成具有三维复杂结构的高性能构件。颗粒增强铝基复合材料(PAMCs)由于结合铝基体和增强相的优异特性在很多领域被认为是一种重要材料。基于SLM和PAMCs的综合优势,新型SLMPAMCs在近年来被陆续开发和研究。因而,本文总结当前有关SLMPAMCs的研究进展。首先,着重分析SLM PAMCs的凝固行为。其次,对高性能SLM PAMCs设计和制造中涉及的重要问题进行全面的讨论,其中包括增强相的选择、工艺参数对成形和微观结构的影响以及缺陷演变和相调控。第三,对SLM PAMCs的性能和增强机制进行系统讨论。最后,对高性能SLM PAMCs未来发展方向提出建设性的观点。 | 王沛 Jürgen ECKERT Konda-gokuldoss PRASHANTH 吴明伟 Ivan KABAN 席丽霞 Sergio SCUDINO | 2020 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2020，30，8： | 29 |
| 5 | 指南2.0:为成功制定指南而系统研发的全面清单显示文摘背景虽然当前已有一些评估卫生保健指南可靠性的工具,但仍缺乏针对制定指南实际步骤的指导。针对指南制定者们所需考虑的相关资源和工具,我们系统研发了一份全面的条目清单,但这并不意味着每篇指南都需遵守该清单的所有条目。方法我们检索了国际指南制定机构的指南制定手册、指南的指南(主要是来自国际和国家机构以及专业学会的方法学报告),以及提供系统指导的最新文章。经过反复评价这些资料,尽可能全面地罗列和提取条目,并制定与指南有关的重要主题。通过反复讨论,我们对条目进行评价以去重和补漏,同时邀请指南制定专家对所增加的条目进行修改并提出建议。结果我们制定了一份包含18个主题、146个条目的清单,并建立了帮助指南制定者应用这些条目的网站。这些主题和条目涵盖了指南从规划、完成、实施和评估的全过程。最终的清单版本也包括了培训所需的资料以及应用这些条目时用到的方法学参考文献的链接。解释本清单将提供给指南制定者用作参考。仔细考虑清单中的条目将有助于指南的制定、实施和评估,我们也将会通过大众反馈来修订并持续更新清单。 | Holger J. Schunemann Wojtek Wiercioch Itziar Etxeandia Maicon Falavigna Nancy Santesso Reem Mustafa Matthew Ventresca Romina Brignardello-petersen] Kaja-Triin Laisaar Sergio Kowalski Tejan Baldeh Yuan Zhang Uiia Raid Ignacio Neumann Susan L. Norris Judith Thornton Robin Harbour Shaun Treweek Gordon Guyatt Pablo Alonso-Coello Marge Reinap Jan Brozek Andrew Oxman Elie A. Akl | 2014 | 中国循证医学杂志2014，14，9： | 26 |
| 6 | MicroRNAs as possible biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatitis b- and c-related-hepatocellularcarcinoma显示文摘Aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential relationship between mi RNAs and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-hepatitis C virus(HCV) related liver diseases. A systematic computerbased search of published articles, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement, was performed to identify relevant studies on usefulness of serum/plasma/urine mi RNAs, as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of HBV and HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) development, as well as for its prognostic evaluation. The used Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords were: 'HBV', 'HCV', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'micro RNAs', 'mi RNAs', 'diagnosis', 'prognosis', 'therapy', 'treatment'. Some serum/plasma mi RNAs, including mi R-21, mi R-122, mi-125a/b, mi R-199a/b, mi R-221, mi R-222, mi R-223, mi R-224 might serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis/prognosis of HCC, but, to date, not definitive results or well-defined panels of mi RNAs have been obtained. More well-designed studies, focusing on populations of different geographical areas and involving larger series of patients, should be carried out to improve our knowledge on the potential role of mi RNAs for HCC early detection and prognosis. | Sirio Fiorino Maria Letizia Bacchi-Reggiani Michela Visani Giorgia Acquaviva Adele Fornelli Michele Masetti Andrea Tura Fabio Grizzi Matteo Zanello Laura Mastrangelo Raffaele Lombardi Luca Di Tommaso Arrigo Bondi Sergio Sabbatani Andrea Domanico Carlo Fabbri Paolo Leandri Annalisa Pession Elio Jovine Dario de Biase | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，15： | 25 |
| 7 | Unsedated ultrathin upper endoscopy is better than conventional endoscopy in routine outpatient gastroenterology practice:A randomized trial显示文摘AIM: to compare the feasibility and patients' tolerance of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) using a thin endoscope with those of conventional oral EGD and to determine the optimal route of introduction of small-caliber endoscopes. METHODS: One hundred and sixty outpatients referred for diagnostic EGD were randomly allocated to 3 groups: conventional (C)-EGD (9.8 mm in diameter), transnasal (TN)-EGD and transoral (TO)-EGD (5.9 mm in diameter). Pre-EGD anxiety was measured using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). After EGD, patients and endoscopists completed a questionnaire on the pain, nausea, choking, overall discomfort, and quality of the examination either using VAS or answering some questions. The duration of EGD was timed. Blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored during EGD. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients refused to participate in the study. The 3 groups were well-matched for age, gender, experience with EGD, and anxiety. EGD was completed in 91.1% (41/45), 97.5% (40/41), and 96.2% (51/53) of cases in TN-EGD, TO-EGD, and C-EGD groups, respectively. TN-EGD lasted longer (3.11 ± 1.60 min) than TO-EGD (2.25 ± 1.45 min) and C-EGD (2.49 ± 1.64 min) (P < 0.05). The overall tolerance was higher (P < 0.05) and the overall discomfort was lower (P < 0.05) in TN-EGD group than in C-EGD group. EGD was tolerated 'better than expected' in 73.2% of patients in TN-EGD group and 55% and 39.2% of patients in TO-EGD and C-EGD groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Endoscopy was tolerated 'worst than expected' in 4.9% of patients in TN-EGD group and 17.5% and 23.5% of patients in TO-EGD and C-EGD groups, respectively (P < 0.05). TN-EGDcaused mild epistaxis in one case. The ability to insufflate air, wash the lens, and suction of the thin endoscope were lower than those of conventional instrument (P < 0.001). All biopsies performed were adequate for histological assessment. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic TN-EGD is better tolerated than C-EGD. Narrow-diameter endoscope has a level of diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of conventional gastroscope, even though some technical characteristics of these instruments should be improved. Transnasal EGD with narrow-diameter endoscope should be proposed to all patients undergoing diagnostic EGD. | Lucio Trevisani Viviana Cifalà Sergio Sartori Giuseppe Gilli Giancarlo Matarese Vincenzo Abbasciano | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，6： | 24 |
| 8 | Risk factors associated with pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy, which technique of pancreatic stump closure is more beneficial?显示文摘AIM: To identify risk factors related to pancreatic fistula in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy (DP) and to determine the effectiveness of using a stapled and a sutured closed of pancreatic stump. METHODS: Sixty-four patients underwent DP during a 10-year period. Information regarding diagnosis, operative details, and perioperative morbidity or mortality was collected. Eight risk factors were examined. RESULTS: Indications for DP included primary pancreatic disease (n = 38, 59%) and non-pancreatic malignancy (n = 26, 41%). Postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 1.5% and 37% respectively; one patient died due to sepsis and two patients required a reoperation due to postoperative bleeding. Pancreatic fistula was developed in 14 patients (22%); 4 of fistulas were classified as Grade A, 9 as Grade B and only 1 as Grade C. Incidence of pancreatic fistula rate was significantly associated with four risk factors: pathology, use of prophylactic octreotide therapy, concomitant splenectomy, and texture of pancreatic parenchyma. The role that technique (either stapler or suture) of pancreatic stump closure plays in the development of pancreatic leak remains unclear. CONCLUSION: The pancreatic fistula rate after DP is 22%. This is reduced for patients with non-pancreatic malignancy, fibrotic pancreatic tissue, postoperative prophylactic octreotide therapy and concomitant splenectomy. | Marco Pericoli Ridolfini Sergio Alfieri Stavros Gourgiotis Dario Di Miceli Fabio Rotondi Giuseppe Quero Roberta Manghi Giovanni Battista Doglietto | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，38： | 24 |
| 9 | Systemic inflammation and immune response after laparotomy vs laparoscopy in patients with acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate acute cholecystitis, complicated by peritonitis, acute phase response and immunological status in patients treated by laparoscopic or open approach. METHODS: From January 2002 to May 2012, we conducted a prospective randomized study on 45 consecutive patients (27 women, 18 men; mean age 58 years). These subjects were taken from a total of 681 patients who were hospitalised presenting similar preoperative findings: acute upper abdominal pain with tenderness, involuntary guarding under the right hypochondrium and/or in the flank; fever higher than 38 ℃, leukocytosis greater than 10 × 10 9 /L or both, and ultrasonographic evidence of calculous cholecystitis possibly complicated by peritonitis. These patients had undergone cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis,complicated by bile peritonitis. Randomly, 23 patients were assigned to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and 22 patients to open cholecystectomy (OC). Blood samples were collected from all patients before operation and at days 1, 3 and 6 after surgery. Serum bacteraemia, endotoxaemia, white blood cells (WBCs), WBC subpopulations, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), neutrophil elastase, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min, at 4, 6, 12, 24 h, and then daily (8 A.M.) until post-operative day 6.RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in the severity of peritoneal contamination as indicated by the viable bacterial count (open group = 90% of positive cultures vs laparoscopic group = 87%) and endotoxin level (open group = 33.21 ± 6.32 pg/mL vs laparoscopic group = 35.02 ± 7.23 pg/mL). Four subjects in the OC group (18.1%) and 1 subject (4.3%) in the LC group (P < 0.05) developed intra-abdominal abscess. Severe leukocytosis (range 15.8-19.6/mL) was observed only after OC but not after LC, mostly due to an increase in neutrophils (days 1 and 3, P < 0.05). This value returned to the normal range within 3-4 d after LC and 5-7 d after OC. Other WBC types and lymphocyte subpopulations showed no significant variation. On the first day after surgery, a statistically significant difference was observed in HLA-DR expression between LC (13.0 ± 5.2) and OC (6.0 ± 4.2) (P < 0.05). A statistically significant change in plasma elastase concentration was recorded post-operatively at days 1, 3, and 6 in patients from the OC group when compared to the LC group (P < 0.05). In the OC group, the serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 began to increase considerably from the first to the sixth hour after surgery. In the LC group, the increase of serum IL-1 and IL-6 levels was delayed and the peak values were notably lower than those in the OC group. Significant differences between the groups, for these two cytokines, were observed from the second to the twenty-fourth hour (P < 0.05) after surgery. The mean values of serum CRP in the LC group on post-operative days (1 and 3) were also lower than those in the OC group (P < 0.05). Systemic concentration of endotoxin was higher in the OC group at all intra-operative sampling times, but reached significance only when the gallbladder was removed (OC group = 36.81 ± 6.4 ρg/mLvs LC group = 16.74 ± 4.1 ρg/mL, P < 0.05). One hour after surgery, microbiological analysis of blood cultures detected 7 different bacterial species after laparotomy, and 4 species after laparoscopy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: OC increased the incidence of bacteraemia, endotoxaemia and systemic inflammation compared with LC and caused lower transient immunological defense, leading to enhanced sepsis in the patients examined. | Federico Sista Mario Schietroma Giuseppe De Santis Antonella Mattei Emanuela Marina Cecilia Federica Piccione Sergio Leardi Francesco Carlei Gianfranco Amicucci | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2013，5，4： | 23 |
| 10 | Gastric low-grade mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue-lymphoma: Helicobacter pylori and beyond显示文摘The stomach is the most frequently involved site for extranodal lymphomas,accounting for nearly two-thirds of all gastrointestinal cases.It is widely accepted that gastric B-cell,low-grade mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)-lymphoma is caused by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.MALT-lymphomas may engender different clinical and endoscopic patterns.Often,diagnosis is confirmed in patients with only vague dyspeptic symptoms and without macroscopic lesions on gastric mucosa.H.pylori eradication leads to lymphoma remission in a large number of patients when treatment occurs at an early stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ1).Neoplasia confined to the submucosa,localized in the antral region of the stomach,and without API2-MALT1 translocation,shows a high probability of remission following H.pylori eradication.When both bacterial infection and lymphoma recur,further eradication therapy is generally effective.Radiotherapy,chemotherapy and,in selected cases,surgery are the available therapeutic options with a high success rate for those patients who fail to achieve remission,while data on immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (rituximab)are still scarce.The 5-year survival rate is higher than 90%,but careful,long-term follow-up is required in these patients since lymphoma recurrence has been reported in some cases. | Angelo Zullo Cesare Hassan Francesca Cristofari Francesco Perri Sergio Morini | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，4： | 21 |
| 11 | Small intestine bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome-related symptoms:Experience with Rifaximin显示文摘AIM:To estimate the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO) in our geographical area(Western Sicily,Italy) by means of an observational study,and to gather information on the use of locally active,non-absorbable antibiotics for treatment of SIBO.METHODS:Our survey included 115 patients fulfilling the Rome □ criteria for diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS);a total of 97 patients accepted to perform a breath test with lactulose(BTLact),and those who had a positive test,received Rifaximin(Normix,Alfa Wassermann) 1200 mg/d for 7 d;3 wk after the end of treatment,the BTLact was repeated.RESULTS:Based on the BTLact results,SIBO was present in about 56% of IBS patients,and it was responsible for some IBS-related symptoms,such as abdominal bloating and discomfort,and diarrhoea.1-wk treatment with Rifaximin turned the BTLact to negative in about 50% of patients and significantly reduced the symptoms,especially in those patients with an alternated constipation/diarrhoea-variant IBS.CONCLUSION:SIBO should be always suspected in patients with IBS,and a differential diagnosis is done by means of a 'breath test'.Rifaximin may represent a valid approach to the treatment of SIBO. | Sergio Peralta Claudia Cottone Tiziana Doveri Piero Luigi Almasio Antonio Craxi | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，21： | 19 |
| 12 | Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote neurogenesis and cognitive function recovery in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease显示文摘Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can enhance neural plasticity and improve cognitive impairment.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on neurogenesis and cognitive capacity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Alzheimer’s disease mouse models were established by injection of beta amyloid 1?42 aggregates into dentate gyrus bilaterally.Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were performed to evaluate mouse cognitive deficits at 14 and 28 days after administration.Afterwards,neurogenesis in the subventricular zone was determined by immunofluorescence using doublecortin and PSA-NCAM antibodies.Results showed that mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes stimulated neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and alleviated beta amyloid 1?42-induced cognitive impairment,and these effects are similar to those shown in the mesenchymal stem cells.These findings provide evidence to validate the possibility of developing cell-free therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease.All procedures and experiments were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(CICUAL)(approval No.CICUAL 2016-011)on April 25,2016. | Edwin E. Reza-Zaldivar Mercedes A. Hernández-Sapiéns Yanet K. Gutiérrez-Mercado Sergio Sandoval-ávila Ulises Gomez-Pinedo Ana L. Márquez-Aguirre Estefanía Vázquez-Méndez Eduardo Padilla-Camberos Alejandro A. Canales-Aguirre | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，9： | 19 |
| 13 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in peripheral lung consolidations: What's its actual role?显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrastenhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)in the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic peripheral pleuro-pulmonary lesions.METHODS:One hundred patients with pleural or peripheral pulmonary lesions underwent thoracic CEUS.An 8 microliters/mL solution of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles stabilized by a phospholipid shell(SonoVue)was used as US contrast agent.The clips were stored and independently reviewed by two readers,who recorded the following parameters:presence/absence of arterial enhancement,time to enhancement(TE),extent of enhancement(EE),pattern of enhancement(PE),presence/absence of wash-out,time to wash-out,and extent of wash-out.After the final diagnosis(based on histopathologic findings or follow-up of at least 15 mo)was reached,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),positive likelihood ratio(PLR),negative likelihood ratio(NLR)of each CEUS parameter in the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were calculated.Furthermore,an arbitrary score based on the ratio between the PPVs of each CEUS parameter was calculated,to evaluate if some relationship could exist between overall CEUS behaviour and neoplastic or non-neoplastic nature of the lesions. | Sergio Sartori Simona Postorivo Francesca Di Vece Fran-cesca Ermili Davide Tassinari Paola Tombesi | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，10： | 19 |
| 14 | Emerging roles for transthoracic ultrasonography in pulmonary diseases显示文摘As a result of many advantages such as the absence of radiation exposure,non-invasiveness,low cost,safety,and ready availability,transthoracic ultrasonography(TUS) represents an emerging and useful technique in the management of pleural and pulmonary diseases.In this second part of a comprehensive review that deals with the role of TUS in pleuropulmonary pathology,the normal findings,sonographic artifacts and morphology of the most important and frequent pulmonary diseases are described.In particular,the usefulness of TUS in diagnosing or raising suspicion of pneumonia,pulmonary embolism,atelectasis,diffuse parenchymal diseases,adult and newborn respiratory distress syndrome,lung cancer and lung metastases are discussed,as well as its role in guidance for diagnostic and therapeutic interventional procedures.Moreover,the preliminary data about the role of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in the study of pulmonary pleural-based lesions are also reported.Finally,the limits of TUS when compared with chest computed tomography are described,highlighting the inability of TUS to depict lesions that are not in contact with the pleura or are located under bony structures,poor visualization of the mediastinum,and the need for very experienced examiners to obtain reliable results. | Sergio Sartori Paola Tombesi | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，6： | 18 |
| 15 | Critical minimum temperature limits xylogenesis and maintains treelines on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Physiological and ecological mechanisms that define treelines are still debated.It has been suggested that the absence of trees above the treeline is caused by low temperatures that limit growth.Thus,we hypothesized that there is a critical minimum temperature(CTmin) preventing xylogenesis at treeline.We tested this hypothesis by examining weekly xylogenesis across three and four growing seasons in two natural Smith fir(Abies georgei var.smithii) treeline sites on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.Despite differences in the timing of cell differentiation among years,minimum air temperature was the dominant climatic variable associated with xylem growth;the critical minimum temperature(CTmin) for the onset and end of xylogenesis occurred at 0.7 ± 0.4 °C.A process-based modelling chronology of tree-ring formation using this CTminwas consistent with actual tree-ring data.This extremely low CTminpermits Smith fir growing at treeline to complete annual xylem production and maturation and provides both support and a mechanism for treeline formation. | Xiaoxia Li Eryuan Liang Jozica Gricar Sergio Rossi Katarina Cufar Aaron M. Ellison | 2017 | Science Bulletin2017，62，11： | 17 |
| 16 | 绿色交通相关问题概述显示文摘首先介绍了绿色交通的目的,在提出绿色交通系统层级的基础上,分别从步行交通、自行车交通、公共交通3个方面具体分析了绿色交通现状存在的问题及改善措施。之后,从限制小汽车的使用角度出发,阐述了拥挤收费的概念和近期的实践,并以新加坡和伦敦为例,重点分析了拥堵收费具体的作法及所取得的成效。最后,呼吁举办无车日活动,以更好地促进绿色交通发展。 | Paulo Sergio Custodio | 2007 | 城市交通2007，5，4： | 17 |
| 17 | Deep sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy: Propofol-fentanyl and midazolam-fentanyl regimens显示文摘AIM: To compare deep sedation with propofol-fentanyl and midazolam-fentanyl regimens during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS: After obtaining approval of the research ethics committee and informed consent, 200 patients were evaluated and referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients were randomized to receive propofol-fentanyl or midazolam-fentanyl (n = 100/group).We assessed the level of sedation using the observer's assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) score and bispectral index (BIS). We evaluated patient and physician satisfaction, as well as the recovery time and complication rates. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software and included the MannWhitney test, χ 2 test, measurement of analysis of variance, and the κ statistic. RESULTS: The times to induction of sedation, recovery, and discharge were shorter in the propofolfentanyl group than the midazolam-fentanyl group. According to the OAA/S score, deep sedation events occurred in 25% of the propofol-fentanyl group and 11% of the midazolam-fentanyl group (P = 0.014). Additionally, deep sedation events occurred in 19% of the propofol-fentanyl group and 7% of the midazolamfentanyl group according to the BIS scale (P = 0.039). There was good concordance between the OAA/S score and BIS for both groups (κ = 0.71 and κ = 0.63, respectively). Oxygen supplementation was required in 42% of the propofol-fentanyl group and 26% of the midazolam-fentanyl group (P = 0.025). The mean time to recovery was 28.82 and 44.13 min in the propofolfentanyl and midazolam-fentanyl groups, respectively (P < 0.001). There were no severe complications in either group. Although patients were equally satisfied with both drug combinations, physicians were more satisfied with the propofol-fentanyl combination. CONCLUSION: Deep sedation occurred with propofolfentanyl and midazolam-fentanyl, but was more frequent in the former. Recovery was faster in the propofol-fentanyl group. | Marcos Eduardo Lera dos Santos Fauze Maluf-Filho Dalton Marques Chaves Sergio Eiji Matuguma Edson Ide Gustavo de Oliveira Luz Thiago Ferreira de Souza Fernanda C Simoes Pessorrusso Eduardo Guimares Hourneaux de Moura Paulo Sakai | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，22： | 16 |
| 18 | Effect of insulin-sensitizing agents in combination with ezetimibe, and valsartan in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘瞄准:估计是否有在有 ezetimibe 和 valsartan 的联合的敏化胰岛素的代理人(ISA ) 的治疗在胆碱缺乏的食谱(MCDD ) 老鼠非酒精的脂肝疾病(NAFLD ) 建模的蛋氨酸与单音的治疗相比每氧化在肝的胖内容和类脂化合物上有更大的效果。方法:老鼠( n = 6 每组)与不同的药被对待,仅仅包括 MCDD ,有任何一个 metformin ( 200 mg/kg )的 MCDD 饮食, rosiglitazone ( 3 mg/kg ),加 rosiglitazone ( M+R )的 metformin , ezetimibe ( 2 mg/kg ), valsartan ( 2 mg/kg ),或为 15 wk 的一个总数的所有药的联合。肝组织学,类脂化合物,氧化应力和 TNF-alpha 的参数被测量。结果:脂肝( FL )老鼠表明了严重肝的脂肪浸润(>
91%脂肪),随肝的 TG 的增加(+1263%, P <
0.001 ),肝的胆固醇(+245%, P <
0.03 ),肝的 MDA 层次(+225%, P <
0.001 ),浆液 TNF-alpha ( 17.8 +/- 10 对 7.8 +/- 0.0 , P <
0.001 ),但是在肝的高山的减少哈生育酚(-74%, P<0.001 )作为与控制老鼠相比。有所有药的联合治疗在肝脂肪变性生产了重要减少(-54%), 肝的 TG (-64%), 肝的胆固醇(-31%) 和肝的 MDA (-70%), 但是增加的肝的高山哈生育酚(+443%) 同样与 FL 老鼠相比。有 ISA 的联合治疗独自在肝脂肪变性生产了更小的减少(-32% 对 -54%, P <
0.001 ) 并且在肝的 MDA 层次(-55% 对 -70%, P <
0.01 ) ,但是在肝的类脂化合物的类似的减少什么时候与相比所有药联合。除了在 ISA 组, TNF-alpha 层次在所有处理组显著地减少了。结论:联合治疗在与单音的治疗相比同样满意的肝脂肪上有更大的效果。Rosiglitazone 看起来比 metformin 在很大程度上改进肝的脂肪变性。 | Nimer Assy Masha Grozovski Ilana Bersudsky Sergio Szvalb Osamah Hussein | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，27： | 15 |
| 19 | Narrow-band imaging without magnification for detecting early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To compare narrow-band imaging(NBI)without image magnification,and chromoendoscopy with Lugol's solution for detecting high-grade dysplasia and intramu-cosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)in patients with head and neck cancer.METHODS:This was a prospective observational study of 129 patients with primary head and neck tumors consecutively referred to the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit of Hospital das Clínicas,S?o Paulo University Medical School,Brazil,between August 2006 and Feb-ruary 2007.Conventional examinations with NBI and Lugol chromoendoscopy were consecutively performed,and the discovered lesions were mapped,recorded and sent for biopsy.The results of the three methods were compared regarding sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood value and negative likelihood value.RESULTS:Of the 129 patients,nine(7%)were diagnosed with SCC,5 of which were in situ and 4 which were intramucosal.All carcinomas were detected through NBI and Lugol chromoendoscopy.Only 4 lesions were diagnosed through conventional examination,all of which were larger than 10 mm.CONCLUSION:NBI technology with optical filters has high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for detecting superficial esophageal SCC,and produces results comparable to those obtained with 2.5%Lugol chromoendoscopy. | Edson Ide Fauze Maluf-Filho Dalton Marques Chaves Sergio Eiji Matuguma Paulo Sakai | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，39： | 15 |
| 20 | 人工智能伦理与法律风险的探析显示文摘一、引言
人工智能的迅速发展已经超越了科学研究的极限,并逐渐渗透到了人类的日常生活。伴随其广度与深度的不断发展,法律被要求在这些前沿领域里,从手段和目的上进一步加强。从这种简单含蓄地呈现给司法群体的挑衅性任务角度来看:设计规划只是这个复杂认知结构的第一步,旨在为对相关问题感兴趣的法律学者和执业者们提供一些法律参数,以及从法律角度提供尝试性的回答。 | Sergio Ferraz Victor Del Nero | 2018 | 科技与法律2018，0，1： | 15 |
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