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| 1 | Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: Risk factor updates and societal impact显示文摘Osteoporosis is a silent disease without any evidence of disease until a fracture occurs. Approximately 200 million people in the world are affected by osteoporosis and 8.9 million fractures occur each year worldwide. Fractures of the hip are a major public health burden, by means of both social cost and health condition of the elderly because these fractures are one of the main causes of morbidity, impairment, decreased quality of life and mortality in women and men. The aim of this review is to analyze the most important factors related to the enormous impact of osteoporotic fractures on population. Among the most common risk factors, low body mass index; history of fragility fracture, environmental risk, early menopause, smoking, lack of vitamin D, endocrine disorders(for example insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), use of glucocorticoids, excessive alcohol intake, immobility and others represented the main clinical risk factors associated with augmented risk of fragility fracture. The increasing trend of osteoporosis is accompanied by an underutilization of the available preventive strategies and only a small number of patients at high fracture risk are recognized and successively referred for therapy. This report provides analytic evidences to assess the best practices in osteoporosis management and indications for the adoption of a correct healthcare strategy to significantly reduce the osteoporosis burden. Early diagnosis is the key to resize the impact of osteoporosis on healthcare system. In this context, attention must be focused on the identification of high fracture risk among osteoporotic patients. It is necessary to increase national awareness campaigns across countries in order to reduce the osteoporotic fractures incidence. | Paola Pisani Maria Daniela Renna Francesco Conversano Ernesto Casciaro Marco Di Paola Eugenio Quarta Maurizio Muratore Sergio Casciaro | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，3： | 39 |
| 2 | Sonographic markers for early diagnosis of fetal malformations显示文摘Fetal malformations are very frequent in industrialized countries.Although advanced maternal age may affect pregnancy outcome adversely,80%-90%of fetal malformations occur in the absence of a specific risk factor for parents.The only effective approach for prenatal screening is currently represented by an ultrasound scan.However,ultrasound methods present two important limitations:the substantial absence of quantitative parameters and the dependence on the sonographer experience.In recent years,together with the improvement in transducer technology,quantitative and objective sonographic markers highly predictive of fetal malformations have been developed.These markers can be detected at early gestation(11-14 wk)and generally are not pathological in themselves but have an increased incidence in abnormal fetuses.Thus,prenatal ultrasonography during the second trimester of gestation provides a'genetic sonogram',including,for instance,nuchal translucency,short humeral length,echogenic bowel,echogenic intracardiac focus and choroid plexus cyst,that is used to identify morphological features of fetal Down’s syndrome with a potential sensitivity of more than 90%.Other specific and sensitive markers can be seen in the case of cardiac defects and skeletal anomalies.In the future,sonographic markers could limit even more the use of invasive and dangerous techniques of prenatal diagnosis(amniocentesis,etc.). | Maria Daniela Renna Paola Pisani Francesco Conversano Emanuele Perrone Ernesto Casciaro Gian Carlo Di Renzo Marco Di Paola Antonio Perrone Sergio Casciaro | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，10： | 12 |
| 3 | 屏蔽并且通过 X 光检查和超声的骨质疏松症的早诊断基于技术显示文摘 Effective prevention and management of osteoporosis would require suitable methods for population screenings and early diagnosis. Current clinicallyavailable diagnostic methods are mainly based on the use of either X-rays or ultrasound(US). All X-ray based methods provide a measure of bone mineral density(BMD), but it has been demonstrated that other structural aspects of the bone are important in determining fracture risk, such as mechanical features and elastic properties, which cannot be assessed using densitometric techniques. Among the most commonly used techniques, dual X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) is considered the current 'gold standard' for osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk prediction. Unfortunately, as other X-ray based techniques, DXA has specific limitations(e.g., use of ionizing radiation, large size of the equipment, high costs, limited availability) that hinder its application for population screenings and primary care diagnosis. This has resulted in an increasing interest in developing reliable pre-screening tools for osteoporosis such as quantitative ultrasound(QUS) scanners, which do not involve ionizing radiation exposure and represent a cheaper solution exploiting portable and widely available devices. Furthermore, the usefulness of QUS techniques in fracture risk prediction has been proven and, with the last developments, they are also becoming a more and more reliable approach for assessing bone quality. However, the US assessment of osteoporosis is currently used only as a pre-screening tool, requiring a subsequent diagnosis confirmation by means of a DXA evaluation. Here we illustrate the state of art in the early diagnosis of this 'silent disease' and show up recent advances for its prevention and improved management through early diagnosis. | Paola Pisani Maria Daniela Renna Francesco Conversano Ernesto Casciaro Maurizio Muratore Eugenio Quarta Marco Di Paola Sergio Casciaro | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，11： | 4 |
| 4 | Epithelial cell biocompatibility of silica nanospheres for contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging显示文摘 | Fernanda Chiriacò Francesco Conversano Giulia Soloperto Ernesto Casciaro Andrea Ragusa Enzo Antonio Sbenaglia Lucia Dipaola Sergio Casciaro | 2013 | Journal of Nanoparticle Research2013，，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Echographic detectability of optoacoustic signals from low-concentration PEG-coated gold nanorods显示文摘 | Sergio Casciaro Soloperto Francesco Conversano Maffezzoli Gigli Demitri Chiriacò Ernesto Casciaro Ragusa Greco | 2012 | International Journal of Nanomedicine (default)2012，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Optimal Enhancement Configuration of Silica Nanoparticles for Ultrasound Imaging and Automatic Detection at Conventional Diagnostic Frequencies显示文摘 | Sergio Casciaro Francesco Conversano Andrea Ragusa Maria Ada Malvindi Roberto Franchini Antonio Greco Teresa Pellegrino Giuseppe Gigli | 2010 | Investigative Radiology2010，，11： | 1 |
| 7 | Full experimental modelling of a liver tissue mimicking phantom for medical ultrasound studies employing different hydrogels显示文摘 | Sergio Casciaro Francesco Conversano Stefano Musio Ernesto Casciaro Christian Demitri Alessandro Sannino | 2009 | Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine2009，，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Experimental investigation and theoretical modelling of the nonlinear acoustical behaviour of a liver tissue and comparison with a tissue mimicking hydrogel显示文摘 | Sergio Casciaro Christian Demitri Francesco Conversano Ernesto Casciaro Alessandro Distante | 2008 | Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine2008，，2： | 1 |
| 9 | 为在低超声频率的双模式的成像的有磁力地涂的硅石 nanospheres显示文摘 AIM: To experimentally investigate the acoustical behavior of different dual-mode nanosized contrast agents(NPCAs) for echographic medical imaging at low ultrasound(US) frequency. METHODS: We synthesized three different nanosized structures:(1) Pure silica nanospheres(SiNSs);(2) FePt-iron oxide(FePt-IO)-coated SiNSs; and(3) IOcoated SiNSs, employing three different diameter of SiNS-core(160, 330 and 660 nm). Tissue mimicking phantoms made of agarose gel solution containing 5 mg of different NPCAs in 2 mL-Eppendorf tubes, were insonified by a commercial echographic system at three different low US pulse values(2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 MHz). The raw radiofrequency signal, backscattered from each considered NPCA containing sample, has been processed in order to calculate the US average backscatter intensity and compare the acoustic behavior of the different NPCA types. RESULTS: The highest US contrast was exhibited by pure SiNSs; FePt-IO-coated SiNSs acoustical behavior followed a similar trend of pure SiNSs with a slight difference in terms of brightness values. The acoustic response of the examined NPCAs resulted function of both SiNS diameter and US frequency. Specifically, higher US frequencies determined higher value of the backscatter for a given SiNS diameter. Frequencydependent enhancement was marked for pure SiNSs and became less remarkable for FePt-IO-coated SiNSs, whereas IO-coated SiNSs resulted almost unaffected by such frequency variations. Pure and FePt-IO-coated SiNSs evidenced an image backscatter increasing with the diameter up to 330 nm. Conversely, among the types of NPCA tested, IO-coated SiNSs showed the lowest acoustical response for each synthesized diameter and employed US frequency, although a diameter-dependent raising trend was evidenced. CONCLUSION: The US characterization of magnetically covered SiNS shows that FePt-IO, rather than IO, was the best magnetic coating for realizing NPCAs suitable for dual mode imaging of deep organs, combining US and magnetic resonance imaging. | Fernanda Chiriacò Giulia Soloperto Antonio Greco Francesco Conversano Andrea Ragusa Luca Menichetti Sergio Casciaro | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Echographic imaging of tumoral cells through novel nanosystems for image diagnosis显示文摘Since the recognition of disease molecular basis,it has become clear that the keystone moments of medical practice,namely early diagnosis,appropriate therapeutic treatment and patient follow-up,must be approached at a molecular level.These objectives will be in the near future more effectively achievable thanks to the impressive developments in nanotechnologies and their applications to the biomedical field,starting-up the nanomedicine era.The continuous advances in the development of biocompatible smart nanomaterials,in particular,will be crucial in several aspects of medicine.In fact,the possibility of manufacturing nanoparticle contrast agents that can be selectively targeted to specific pathological cells has extended molecular im-aging applications to non-ionizing techniques and,at the same time,has made reachable the perspective of combining highly accurate diagnoses and personalized therapies in a single theranostic intervention.Main developing applications of nanosized theranostic agents include targeted molecular imaging,controlled drug release,therapeutic monitoring,guidance of radiationbased treatments and surgical interventions.Here we will review the most recent findings in nanoparticles contrast agents and their applications in the field of cancer molecular imaging employing non-ionizing techniques and disease-specific contrast agents,with special focus on recent findings on those nanomaterials particularly promising for ultrasound molecular imaging and simultaneous treatment of cancer. | Marco Di Paola Fernanda Chiriacò Giulia Soloperto Francesco Conversano Sergio Casciaro | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，7： | 0 |
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