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| 1 | Review of risk factors for human echinococcosis prevalence on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China: a prospective for control options显示文摘Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly co-endemic with both alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In the past years, the Chinese government has been increasing the financial support to control the diseases in this region. Therefore, it is very important to identify the significant risk factors of the diseases by reviewing studies done in the region in the past decade to help policymakers design appropriate control strategies. Review: Selection criteria for which literature to review were firstly defined. Medline, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Google Scholar were systematically searched for literature published between January 2000 and July 2011. Significant risk factors found by single factor and/or multiple factors analysis were listed, counted, and summarized. Literature was examined to check the comparability of the data;age and sex specific prevalence with same data structures were merged and used for further analysis. A variety of assumed social, economical, behavioral, and ecological risk factors were studied on the Plateau. Those most at risk were Tibetan herdsmen, the old and female in particular. By analyzing merged comparable data, it was found that females had a significant higher prevalence, and a positive linearity relationship existed between echinococcosis prevalence and increasing age. In terms of behavioral risk factors, playing with dogs was mostly correlated with CE and/or AE prevalence. In terms of hygiene, employing ground water as the drinking water source was significantly correlated with CE and AE prevalence. For definitive hosts, dog related factors were most frequently identified with prevalence of CE or/and AE;fox was a potential risk factor for AE prevalence only. Overgrazing and deforestation were significant for AE prevalence only. Conclusion: Tibetan herdsmen communities were at the highest risk of echinococcosis prevalence and should be the focus of echinococcosis control. Deworming both owned and stray dogs should be a major measure for controlling echinococcosis;treatment of wild definitive hosts should also be considered for AE endemic areas. Health education activities should be in concert with the local people's education backgrounds and languages in order to be able to improve behaviors. Further researches are needed to clarify the importance of wild hosts for AE/CE prevalence, the extent and range of the impacts of ecologic changes (overgrazing and deforestation) on the AE prevalence, and risk factors in Tibet. | Qian Wang Yan Huang Liang Huang Wenjie Yu Wei He Bo Zhong Wei Li Xiangman Zeng Dominique A Vuitton Patrick Giraudoux Philip S Craig Weiping Wu | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 35 |
| 2 | Impact of overgrazing on the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan pastoral communities of Sichuan Province,China显示文摘背景过度放牧被假定增加是包虫 multilocularis 的中间的主人的小哺乳动物的人口密度,在 Qinghai 西藏高原的牙槽的包虫病的病原体。这研究测试了过度放牧可能支持的假设通过增加小哺乳动物的人口的包虫 multilocularis 传播,在擦伤惯例的西藏的牧剧 communities.Methods 的中间的主人,小哺乳动物索引和狗包虫 rnultilocularis 感染数据被收集分析在用的 nonpararnetric 测试和多重逐步的逻辑 regression.Results 过度放牧和包虫 rnultilocularis 传播之间的关系调查一公社的牧场存在,可得到的牧草为放牧是缺乏的。开(普通) 牧场被过度放牧并且与附近的 fenced 相比有小哺乳动物的更高的洞穴密度(私人) 牧场;由附近的 fenced 区域测量的开的牧场上的这个高过度放牧压力在开的牧场导致了小哺乳动物的更高的洞穴密度。在开的牧场的小哺乳动物的中部的洞穴密度独立地与附近犬的包虫 multilocularis 感染被联系(P=0.003, OR=1.048 ) 过度放牧的 .Conclusion 可以通过增加小哺乳动物的人口密度支持包虫 multilocularis 的传播。 | WANG Qian XIAO Yong-fu Dominique A Vuitton Peter M Schantz Francis Raoul Christine Budke Maiza Campos-Ponce Philip S Craig Patrick Giraudoux | 2007 | Chinese Medical Journal2007，，3： | 20 |
| 3 | Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction best practice: A review of graft choice显示文摘There is much literature about differing grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction. Much of this is of poor quality and of a low evidence base. We review and summarise the literature looking at the four main classes of grafts used in ACL reconstruction; bone-patella tendon-bone, hamstrings, allograft and synthetic grafts. Each graft has the evidence for its use reviewed and then compared, where possible, to the others. We conclude that although there is no clear 'best' graft, there are clear differences between the differing graft choices. Surgeon's need to be aware of the evidence behind these differences, in order to have appropriate discussions with their patients, so as to come to an informed choice of graft type to best suit each individual patient and their requirements. | Daniel A Shaerf Philip S Pastides Khaled M Sarraf Charles A Willis-Owen | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，1： | 14 |
| 4 | Hydrogen sutfide protects colon cancer cells from chemopreventative agent β-phenylethyl isothiocvanate induced apoptosis显示文摘AIM: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a prominent gaseous constituent of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with known cytotoxic properties. Endogenous concentrations of H2S are reported to range between 0.2-3.4 mmol/L in the GI tract of mice and humans. Considering such high levels we speculate that, at non-toxic concentrations, H2S may interact with chemical agents and alter the response of colonic epithelium cells to such compounds. The GI tract is a major site for the absorption of phytochemical constituents such as isothiocyanates, flavonoids, and carotenoids, with each group having a role in the prevention of human diseases such as colon cancer. The chemopreventative properties of the phytochemical agent β-phenyethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) are well recognized. However, little is currently known about the physiological or biochemical factors present in the GI tract that may influence the biological properties of ITCs. The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of H2S on PEITC mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells.METHODS: Induction of apoptosis by PEITC in human colon cancer HCT116 cells was assessed using classic apoptotic markers namely SubG1 population analysis,caspase-3 like activity and nuclear fragmentation and condensation coupled with the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide) viability assay and LDH leakage.RESULTS: PEITC significantly induced apoptosis in HGT116cells as assessed by SubG1 population formation, nuclear condensation, LDH leakage and caspase-3 activity after 24 h, these data being significant from control groups (P<0.01). In contrast, co-treatment of cells with physiological concentrations of H2S (0.1-1 mmol/L) prevented PEITC mediated apoptosis as assessed using the parameters described.CONCLUSION: PEITC effectively induced cell death in the human adenocarcinoma cell line HCT116 in vitro through classic apoptotic mechanisms. However, in the presence of H2S, apoptosis was abolished. These data suggest that H2S may play a significant role in the response of colonic epithelial cells to beneficial as well as toxic agents present within the GI tract. | Peter Rose Philip K Moore Shen Han Ming Ong Choon Nam Jeffrey S Armstrong Matt Whiteman | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，26： | 13 |
| 5 | T1ρ/T2 mapping and histopathology of degenerative cartilage in advanced knee osteoarthritis显示文摘AIM To investigate whether normal thickness cartilage in osteoarthritic knees demonstrate depletion of proteoglycan or collagen content compared to healthy knees.METHODS Magnetic resonance(MR) images were acquired from5 subjects scheduled for total knee arthroplasty(TKA)(mean age 70 years) and 20 young healthy control subjects without knee pain(mean age 28.9 years). MR images of T1ρ mapping, T2 mapping, and fat suppressed proton-density weighted sequences were obtained.Following TKA each condyle was divided into 4 parts(distal medial, posterior medial, distal lateral, posterior lateral) for cartilage analysis. Twenty specimens(bone and cartilage blocks) were examined. For each joint,the degree and extent of cartilage destruction was determined using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International cartilage histopathology assessment system.In magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) analysis, 2 readers performed cartilage segmentation for T1ρ/T2 values and cartilage thickness measurement.RESULTS Eleven areas in MRI including normal or near normal cartilage thickness were selected. The corresponding histopathological sections demonstrated mild to moderate osteoarthritis(OA). There was no significant difference in cartilage thickness in MRI between control and advanced OA samples [medial distal condyle, P = 0.461;medial posterior condyle(MPC), P = 0.352; lateral distal condyle, P = 0.654; lateral posterior condyle, P = 0.550],suggesting arthritic specimens were morphologically similar to normal or early staged degenerative cartilage.Cartilage T2 and T1ρ values from the MPC were significantly higher among the patients with advanced OA(P= 0.043). For remaining condylar samples there was no statistical difference in T2 and T1ρ values between cases and controls but there was a trend towards higher values in advanced OA patients. CONCLUSION Though cartilage is morphologically normal or near normal, degenerative changes exist in advanced OA patients. These changes can be detected with T2 and T1ρ MRI techniques. | Benjamin S Kester Philip M Carpenter Hon J Yu Taiki Nozaki Yasuhito Kaneko Hiroshi Yoshioka Ran Schwarzkopf | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，4： | 12 |
| 6 | 四川西部石渠地区夏季藏狐巢穴选择的生境分析显示文摘通过对四川石渠地区夏季藏狐洞穴生境选择的研究 ,以水源距离、洞口朝向、坡向、坡度、坡位、植被类型及鼠兔和鼠类洞穴等 7项指标为变量 ,运用主成分分析和聚类分析相结合的方法对收集到的 5 4个藏狐洞穴样本进行了分析。主成分分析在 4个主成分下达到 85 %的显著性。在第一主成分中水源距离、坡度和坡位是重要的影响变量 ,在另外 3个主成分中鼠类洞穴数量以及植被类型两变量也非常重要。聚类分析显示 ,5 4个洞穴样本在 3个水平上聚成 5类。藏狐易于选择草甸地带 ,中缓坡和低坡位 ,坡向多为阳坡或半阳坡 ,水源距离小于5 0 0m的地方筑巢 ,其穴口朝向多位于 135°~ 36 0°之间。此外 ,鼠兔和鼠类洞穴在藏狐洞穴样方内的出现 ,但数量变异较大 ,揭示小型哺乳动物和藏狐之间可能存在着复杂的相互关系。通过对四川石渠地区夏季藏狐洞穴生境选择的研究 ,以水源距离、洞口朝向、坡向、坡度、坡位、植被类型及鼠兔和鼠类洞穴等 7项指标为变量 ,运用主成分分析和聚类分析相结合的方法对收集到的 5 4个藏狐洞穴样本进行了分析。主成分分析在 4个主成分下达到 85 %的显著性。在第一主成分中水源距离、坡度和坡位是重要的影响变量 ,在另外 3个主成分中鼠类洞穴数量以及植被类型两变量也非常重要。聚类分析显示 ,5 | 王正寰 王小明 吴巍 Patrick Giraudoux 邱加闽 高桥健一 Philip S Crai | 2003 | 兽类学报2003，23，1： | 10 |
| 7 | Male infertility microsurgical training显示文摘Microsurgical 训练为专攻男不孕的泌尿科医师和临床的 andrologists 是必要的。在男不孕 microsurgery 的成功重重地依赖于外科医生的 microsurgical 技巧。提高 microsurgical 技巧的基于实验室的实践改进外科医生的信心,并且减少应力和操作时间,有益于病人和外科医生。这评论为设置一个 microsurgical 实验室开发并且提高合成的使用的 microsurgical 技巧和动物模型提供指南。新兴的技术的角色例如机器帮助 microsurgery,也被讨论。 | Akanksha Mehta Philip S Li | 2013 | Asian Journal of Andrology2013，15，1： | 8 |
| 8 | 鼻阻力测压与鼻声反射测量的相关性研究显示文摘目的探讨主动后鼻阻力测压仪的参数——鼻阻力(nasal resistance,NR)与鼻声反射测量仪的参数——鼻腔容积(nasal cavity volume,NV)、鼻腔最小横截面积(minimal cross sectional area,MCSA)间是否具有相关性。方法应用主动后鼻阻力测压法和鼻声反射测量法对316例有鼻阻塞的患者进行前瞻性研究。根据减充血前双侧鼻阻力(bilateral NR,BNR)将患者分为2组,组1:BNR减充血前≤0.25 Pa/cm^3·s,组2:BNR减充血前>0.25 Pa/cm^3·s。Spearman等级相关分析研究上述两种客观测量法的参数在全体研究对象及各组中的相关性。结果在使用减充血剂前、后,316例患者单侧鼻阻力(unilateral NR,UNR)与单侧鼻腔容积(unilateral NV,UNV)、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积(unilateral MCSA,UMCSA)间均存在显著性负相关(P值均=0.000);组1(104例)和组2(212例)在减充血前、后的UNR与UNV、UMCSA间均存在显著性负相关(P值均=0.000)。鼻阻力与鼻腔最小横截面积的相关系数均大于鼻阻力与鼻气道容积的相关系数。结论在有鼻阻塞的患者中,NR、NV及MCSA存在负相关,MCSA是影响NR的主要因素。 | 张革化 李源 Ronald S Fenton Philip Cole Richard Rival Philip Solomon | 2008 | 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2008，15，10： | 8 |
| 9 | 包虫病手术患者1312例流行病学资料分析显示文摘目的了解青藏高原包虫病的分布特点。方法对1992-2006年的1312例包虫病手术患者的相关资料进行分析。结果囊型和泡型包虫病均有分布。患者主要集中于21~50岁,20岁以下的患者相对较少,以藏族为主。囊型包虫病分布于四川省甘孜州和阿坝州的17个县以及青海省果洛州的5个县,而泡型包虫病同时分布于其中的大部分地区。结论囊型和泡型包虫病同时流行于四川省的西北部和青海省的东南部。 | 仁真 李调英 廖万明 陈兴旺 赵晓东 肖宁 喻晓慧 张西春 Akira Ito 邱加闽 Patrick Giraudoux Philip S Craig | 2008 | 寄生虫病与感染性疾病2008，6，3： | 8 |
| 10 | Predictors of suboptimal bowel preparation in asymptomatic patients undergoing average-risk screening colonoscopy显示文摘AIM To identify risk factors for a suboptimal preparation among a population undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy.METHODS Retrospective review of the University of Michigan and Veteran's Administration(VA) Hospital records from 2009 to identify patients age 50 and older who underwent screening or surveillance procedure and had resection of polyps less than 1 cm in size and no more than 2 polyps. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or a family history of colorectal cancer were excluded. Suboptimal procedures were defined as procedure preparations categorized as fair, poor or inadequate by the endoscopist. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of suboptimal preparation.RESULTS Of 4427 colonoscopies reviewed, 2401 met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Of our population, 16% had a suboptimal preparation. African Americans were 70% more likely to have a suboptimal preparation(95%CI: 1.2-2.4). Univariable analysis revealed that narcotic and tricyclic antidepressants(TCA) use, diabetes, prep type, site(VA vs non-VA), and presence of a gastroenterology(GI) fellow were associated with suboptimal prep quality. In a multivariable model controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, procedure site and presence of a GI fellow, diabetes [odds ratio(OR) = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.6-3.2], TCA use(OR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.3-4.9), narcotic use(OR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) and Miralax-Gatorade prep vs 4L polyethylene glycol 3350(OR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.4-0.9) were associated with a suboptimal prep quality. CONCLUSION Diabetes, narcotics use and TCA use were identified as predictors of poor preparation in screening colonoscopies while Miralax-Gatorade preps were associated with better bowel preparation. | Shail M Govani Eric E Elliott Stacy B Menees Stephanie L Judd Sameer D Saini Constantinos P Anastassiades Annette L Urganus Suzanna J Boyce Philip S Schoenfeld | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，17： | 7 |
| 11 | A novel experience of deferential vessel-sparing microsurgical vasoepididymostomy显示文摘Microsurgical 纵的摄取 vasoepididymostomy (实时) 广泛地被用来对待 epididymal 妨碍的精子缺乏自从 2004。尽管恭敬 vasculature 在供应血到睾丸和 epididymis 起一个重要作用,注意对潜力被给予了的很少在吻合期间 sparing 有益于恭敬容器在实时。这研究试图在人现场评估恭敬容器圆材的功效和安全。从 2013 年 12 月到 2015 年 12 月,有 epididymal 阻塞的 69 个 azoospermic 人在孙中山大学的首先隶属于的医院里现场由于生殖器的感染,损伤,或自发的因素经历了恭敬容器圆材,广州,中国。这些病人的结果回顾地被分析。吝啬的年龄为他们的搭挡是为人和 28.3 年的 31.1 年。59 (85.5% , 59/69 ) 人们被跟随在上面在为约 16 个月的外科以后。明显被精液分析注意并且证实(> 10 000 sperm/ml ) 在 83.1%(49/59 ) 人。自然怀孕率是 40.7%(24/59 ) 在学习底,(21/24 ) 与 87.5% ,这些,自然怀孕在外科以后在 12 以内完成了月。没有严重不利事件或复杂并发症被观察。在这研究,我们在场为 sparing 的一种新奇技术恭敬容器在期间生活。初步的结果显示这种技术与有利明显和怀孕率安全。 | Kun-Long Lyu Jin-Tao Zhuang Philip S Li Yong Gao Liang Zhao Ya-Dong Zhang Ming-Kuan Zhou Jing-Wei Yu Xin Feng Xiang-Zhou Sun Chun-Hua Deng Xiang-An Tu | 2018 | Asian Journal of Andrology2018，20，6： | 6 |
| 12 | Priorities for research and control of cestode zoonoses in Asia显示文摘Globally,cestode zoonoses cause serious public health problems,particularly in Asia.Among all neglected zoonotic diseases,cestode zoonoses account for over 75%of global disability adjusted life years(DALYs)lost.An international symposium on cestode zoonoses research and control was held in Shanghai,China between 28th and 30th October 2012 in order to establish joint efforts to study and research effective approaches to control these zoonoses.It brought together 96 scientists from the Asian region and beyond to exchange ideas,report on progress,make a gap analysis,and distill prioritizing settings with a focus on the Asian region.Key objectives of this international symposium were to agree on solutions to accelerate progress towards decreasing transmission,and human mortality and morbidity caused by the three major cestode zoonoses(cystic echinococcosis,alveolar echinococcosis,and cysticercosis);to critically assess the potential to control these diseases;to establish a research and validation agenda on existing and new approaches;and to report on novel tools for the study and control of cestode zoonoses. | Ning Xiao Jia-Wen Yao Wei Ding Patrick Giraudoux Philip S Craig Akira Ito | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 6 |
| 13 | The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada显示文摘Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern latitudes.This is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental management.The Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in Canada.The network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing products.This paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling programme.An overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are described.Several of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is highlighted.Some future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper. | Chris M DEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART Murray D MACKAY Philip MARSH | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，1： | 5 |
| 14 | 高血压病并胰岛素抵抗患者单核细胞粘附功能的变化显示文摘观察高血压、胰岛素抵抗对单核细胞—血管内皮粘附功能的影响 ,采用改良的胰岛素抑制试验和单核细胞—血管内皮细胞粘附试验检测 33例高血压病患者和 32例正常对照者的胰岛素敏感性和单核细胞—血管内皮粘附功能。结果发现 ,高血压病患者单核细胞对内皮的粘附性显著高于正常对照者 (P <0 .0 1) ,且高血压患者稳态血糖浓度与单核细胞粘附数显著正相关 (r=0 .6 1,P <0 .0 0 1) ,正常对照者稳态血糖浓度与单核细胞粘附数也显著正相关 (r=0 .71,P <0 .0 0 1) ,而平均动脉压只有在两组合并分析时与单核细胞粘附数存在显著正相关关系 (r=0 .4 3,P <0 .0 0 1)。经多元回归分析发现 ,稳态血糖浓度及胰岛素浓度与单核细胞粘附数有独立的相关关系。结果提示 ,高血压、胰岛素抵抗使单核细胞对血管内皮的粘附性增强 ,这可能是高血压、胰岛素抵抗等代谢异常易发生动脉粥样硬化的机制之一。 | 李伟 吴智勇 Gerald M Reaven Philip S Tsao | 2002 | 中国动脉硬化杂志2002，10，2： | 4 |
| 15 | Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and Their Ratios in Relation to Cardiovascular Events With Statin Treatment显示文摘 | John J.P. Kastelein Wim A. van der Steeg Ingar Holme Michael Gaffney Nilo B. Cater Philip Barter Prakash Deedwania Anders G. Olsson S Matthijs Boekholdt David A. Demicco Michael Szarek John C. LaRosa Terje R. Pedersen Scott M. Grundy | 2008 | Circulation2008，，23： | 3 |
| 16 | Dysfunctional stem and progenitor cells impair fracture healing with age显示文摘Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature;mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) form the new vasculature that supplies blood to the fracture site. In the elderly, the healing process is slowed, partly due to decreased regenerative function of these stem and progenitor cells. MSCs from older individuals are impaired with regard to cell number, proliferative capacity, ability to migrate, and osteochondrogenic differentiation potential. The proliferation, migration and function of EPCs are also compromised with advanced age. Although the reasons for cellular dysfunction with age are complex and multidimensional, reduced expression of growth factors, accumulation of oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, and altered signaling of the Sirtuin-1 pathway are contributing factors to aging at the cellular level of both MSCs and EPCs. Because of these geriatric-specific issues, effective treatment for fracture repair may require new therapeutic techniques to restore cellular function. Some suggested directions for potential treatments include cellular therapies, pharmacological agents, treatments targeting age-related molecular mechanisms, and physical therapeutics. Advanced age is the primary risk factor for a fracture, due to the low bone mass and inferior bone quality associated with aging;a better understanding of the dysfunctional behavior of the aging cell will provide a foundation for new treatments to decrease healing time and reduce the development of complications during the extended recovery from fracture healing in the elderly. | Diane R Wagner Sonali Karnik Zachary J Gunderson Jeffery J Nielsen Alanna Fennimore Hunter J Promer Jonathan W Lowery M Terry Loghmani Philip S Low Todd O McKinley Melissa A Kacena Matthias Clauss Jiliang Li | 2019 | World Journal of Stem Cells2019，11，6： | 3 |
| 17 | 一种房颤风险评分系统的建立(Framingham心脏研究):基于社区的队列研究显示文摘背景房颤导致了发病率和病死率的显著上升。本研究旨在建立一种预测个体罹患房颤绝对风险的风险评分系统,并提供研究人员评价新危险因素的流程。方法作者评估了Framingham心脏研究中于1968年6月至1987年9月间进行了8044次检测的4764例参与者(55%为女性,年龄45~95岁)。此后,参与者被随访至房颤首发,随访期最长达10年。多变量Coxi回归确认出1(1年内罹患房颤的临床危险因素。次级分析纳入了常规超声心动图检测指标(5152例4参与者,7156次检测)对房颤风险进行再分层评估,并评价超声检测指标能否提高风险预测能力。结果4764例参与者中的457例4(10%)罹患房颤。年龄、性别、体重指数、收缩压、降压治疗、PR间期、有临床意义的心脏杂音及心力衰竭与房颤相关,并被纳入了风险评分模型(除体重指数P=0.08外,其余均为P〈0.05),模型的C统计量为0.78(95%CI0.76~0.80)。10年房颤风险随年龄变化:年龄〈65岁的人群中53例(1%)风险高于15%,而〉65岁的人群中为783例(27%)。为提高预测能力而纳入超声检测指标仅使模型C统计量略微增高,由0.78(95%C10.75~0.80)增至0.79(95%CI0.77~0.82:P=0.005)。超声心动图检测指标并不能改善风险再分层评估(P=0.18)。结论基于社区医疗中易得的临床因素建立的风险评分系统,有助于确认社区个体罹患房颤的风险,评估技术或标志物能否改善风险预测,以及针对高危个体采取预防措施。 | Renate B Schnabel Lisa M Sullivan Daniel Levy Michael J Pencina Joseph M Massaro Ralph B D'Agostino Sr Christopher Newton-Cheh Jennifer F Yamamoto Jared W Magnani Thomas M Tadros William B Kannel Thomas J Wang Patrick T Ellinor Philip A Wolf Ramachanclran S Vasan Emelia J Benjamin 黄刚(译) | 2009 | 世界临床医学2009，，9： | 2 |
| 18 | Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment recommendations.METHODS:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic agents.At this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and sequence.We therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment recommendations.Treatment appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process.After studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 scale.Ratings were done both before and after an extended discussion of the evidence.Quantitative measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ratings.RESULTS:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and gastroenterology.Panelists had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)after.In the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were appropriate.Consensus statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be used.In patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated up to 60 mg every4 wk or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 wk.CONCLUSION:Using the Delphi process allowed physician experts to systematically obtain a consensus on the appropriateness of a variety of medical therapies in patients with PNETs. | Jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples Philip A Philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 2 |
| 19 | Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection显示文摘 | Philips J M Hayman D S | 1970 | Trans Br Mycol Soc1970，55，： | 2 |
| 20 | Optoelectronic properties and Seebeck coefficient in SnSe thin films显示文摘SnSe thin films of thickness 180 nm have been deposited on glass substrates by reactive evaporation at an optimized substrate temperature of 523 ± 5 K and pressure of 10^(-5) mbar.The as-prepared SnSe thin films are characterized for their structural,optical and electrical properties by various experimental techniques.The p-type conductivity,near-optimum direct band gap,high absorption coefficient and good photosensitivity of the SnSe thin film indicate its suitability for photovoltaic applications.The optical constants,loss factor,quality factor and optical conductivity of the films are evaluated.The results of Hall and thermoelectric power measurements are correlated to determine the density of states,Fermi energy and effective mass of carriers and are obtained as 2.8×10^(17)cm^(-3),0.03 eV and 0.05m_0 respectively.The high Seebeck coefficient ≈ 7863 μV/K,reasonably good power factor ≈7.2×10^(-4) W/(m·K^2) and thermoelectric figure of merit ≈1.2 observed at 42 K suggests that,on further work,the prepared SnSe thin films can also be considered as a possible candidate for cryogenic thermoelectric applications. | K S Urmila T A Namitha J Rajani R R Philip B Pradeep | 2016 | Journal of Semiconductors2016，37，9： | 2 |
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