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| 1 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 2 | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and post-treatment quality of life显示文摘 | Magliulo G Bertin S Ruggieri M | 2005 | Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2005，262，8： | 1 |
| 3 | Estimation procedure of J-resistance curves for SE(T) fracture specimens using unloading compliance显示文摘 | CRAVERO S RUGGIERI C | 2007 | Engineering Fracture Mechanics2007，74，： | 1 |
| 4 | A rare case of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma masquerading as an ovarian mass treated by laparoscopic surgery 显示文摘 | Montemurro S Ruggieri E Maselli E | 2007 | Eur J Gynaecol Oncoh2007，28，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the extremity : neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 24 cases 显示文摘 | Bacci G Ferrari S Ruggieri P | 2001 | Acta Orthop Scand2001，72，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Epilepsy, occipital calcifications, and oligosymptomatic celiac disease in childhood显示文摘 | Arroyo HA De Rosa S Ruggieri V | 2002 | J Child Neurol2002，17，11： | 1 |
| 7 | Circulating microRNAs in patients with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘 | Cermelli S Ruggieri A Marrero JA | 2011 | PLoSOne2011，6，23： | 1 |
| 8 | KDDML:a middleware language and system for knowledge discovery in databases 显示文摘 | ROMEI A RUGGIERI S TURINI F | 2006 | Data & Knowledge Engineering2006，57，2： | 1 |
| 9 | A rare case of ex- tra-adrenal pheochromocytoma masquerading as an ovarian- mass treated by laparoscopic surgery显示文摘 | Montemurro S Ruggieri E Maselli E | 2007 | Eur J Gynaecol Oncol2007，28，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Circu- lating microRNAs in patients with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘 | Cermelli S Ruggieri A Marrero JA | 2011 | PLoS One2011，6，23： | 1 |
| 11 | Prospective randomized trial of lisuride infusion versus oral levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease显示文摘 | Ruggieri S Vacca L | 2002 | Brain2002，125，： | 1 |
| 12 | Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and neurological features: a review显示文摘 | Savasta S Merli P Ruggieri M | 2011 | Childs Nerv Syst2011，27，： | 1 |
| 13 | Estimation procedure of J-resistance curves for SE ( T) fracture specimens using un-loading compliance 显示文摘 | CRAVERO S RUGGIERI C | 2007 | Engineering Fracture Mechanics2007，74，： | 1 |
| 14 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, cisplatin, and doxorubicin with or without ifosfamide in nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity: an Italian sarcoma group trial ISG/OS-1 显示文摘 | Ferrari S Ruggieri P Cefalo G | 2012 | J Clin Oncol2012，30，17： | 1 |
| 15 | Dysembryoplastic neuroePithelial tumors: a prospective clinicopathologic and outcome study of 13 children显示文摘 | Spalice A Ruggieri M Grosso S | 2010 | Pediatr Neurol2010，43，6： | 1 |
| 16 | An estimation of Toxocara canis prevalence in dogs,environmental egg con- tamination and risk of human infection in the Marche region of Italy显示文摘 | Habluetzel A Traldi G Ruggieri S | 2003 | Vet Parasitol2003，113，： | 1 |
| 17 | An estimation of Toxocara canis prevalence in dogs, environmental egg contamination and risk of human infection in the Marche region of Italy 显示文摘 | Habluetzel A Traldi G Ruggieri S | 2003 | Veterinary Parasitology2003，113，： | 1 |
| 18 | Glatiramer acetate in- duces pro apoptotie mechanisms involving Bel-2, Bax and Cyt c in peripheral lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients显示文摘 | Ruggieri M Avolio C Scacco S | 2006 | J Neurol2006，253，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Circulating microRNAsin patients with chronic hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liverdisease显示文摘 | Cermelli S Ruggieri A Marrero JA | 2011 | PLoS One2011，6，23： | 1 |
| 20 | High plasma concentrations of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in women with endometriosis显示文摘 | Cobellis L Latini G De Felice C Razzi S Paris I Ruggieri F | 2003 | Hum Reprod2003，18，7： | 1 |
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