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| 1 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 2 | Pancreatic encephalopathy:a 7-year follow-up case report and review of the literature显示文摘 | Ruggieri RM Lupo I Piecoli F | 2002 | Neurol Sei2002，23，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Histologically verified lung metastases in benign giant cell tmnours-14 eases from a single institution 显示文摘 | Dominkus M Ruggieri P Bertoni F | 2006 | Int Orthop2006，30，： | 1 |
| 4 | KDDML:a middleware language and system for knowledge discovery in databases 显示文摘 | ROMEI A RUGGIERI S TURINI F | 2006 | Data & Knowledge Engineering2006，57，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Prospective randomized trial of lisuride infusion versus oral levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease显示文摘 | Ruggieri S Vacca L | 2002 | Brain2002，125，： | 1 |
| 6 | Proteomic approach to the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome: preliminary results显示文摘 | Di Serio F Amodio G Ruggieri E | 2005 | Clin Chim Acta2005，357，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Cell Model prediction of ductile crack initiation in damaged pipelines 显示文摘 | Claudio Ruggieri Femando F Santos Mitsurn Ohata | 2002 | Proceedings of the International Pipe Dreammers Confer- ence2002，26，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Low Temperature Growth of Nanocrystalline Fe2TiO5 Perovskite Thin Films by Sol-gel Process Assisted by Microwave Irradiation 显示文摘 | Phani A R Ruggieri F Passacantando M | 2008 | Ceramics International2008，34，： | 1 |
| 9 | Studies on cryptocaryoniasis in marine fish: effect of temperature and salinity on the reproductive cycle of Cryptocaryon irritans Brow,1951显示文摘 | Cheung P J Nigrelli R F Ruggieri G D | 1979 | J Fish Dis1979，2，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of using the posterior or anterior approaches to the lumbar plexus on the minimum effective anesthetic concentration (MEAC) of mepivacaine required to block the femoral nerve:a prospective,randomized,up-and-down study显示文摘 | Cappelleri G Aidegheri G Ruggieri F | 2008 | Reg Anesth Pain Med2008，33，1： | 1 |
| 11 | The dataGrid project显示文摘 | RUGGIERI F | 2001 | International Journal of Modern Physics C2001，12，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Minimum effective anesthetic concentration (MEAC) for sciatic nerve block:subgluteus and popliteal approaches显示文摘 | Cappelleri G Aidegheri G Ruggieri F | 2007 | Can J Anesth2007，54，4： | 1 |
| 13 | High plasma concentrations of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in women with endometriosis显示文摘 | Cobellis L Latini G De Felice C Razzi S Paris I Ruggieri F | 2003 | Hum Reprod2003，18，7： | 1 |
| 14 | In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and duration of human pregnancy显示文摘 | Latini G De Felice C Presta G Del Vecchio A Paris I Ruggieri F | 2003 | Environ Health Perspect2003，111，14： | 1 |
| 15 | Preparation of nitrogen doped TiOz nanofibers by near field eleetrospinning(NFES) tech- nique for NO2 sensing 显示文摘 | Ruggieri F Di Camillo D Lozzi L | 2012 | Sensors and Actuators B2012，179，： | 1 |
| 16 | Studies on fish: Effect of temperature and salinity on the reproductive cycle of Cryptocaryon irritans Brown, 1951 显示文摘 | Cheung P J Nigrelli R F cryptocaryoniasis in marine Ruggieri G D | 1979 | Journal of Fish Diseases1979，2，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Pancreatic encephalopathy:a 7-year follow-up case report and review of the literature显示文摘 | Ruggieri RM Lupo I Piccoli F | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of using the posterior or anterior approaches to the lumbar plexus on the minimum effective anesthetic concentration ( MEAC ) of mepivacaine required to block the femoral nerve: a prospective, randomized, up-and-down study显示文摘 | Cappelleri G Aldegheri G Ruggieri F | 2008 | Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine2008，9，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Intermittent vs Continuous Levodopa Administration in Patients with Advanced Parkinson disease: A Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study 显示文摘 | STOCCHI F VACCA L RUGGIERI S | 2005 | Arch Neurol (S0003 - 9942)2005，62，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Prevalence of extrinsic allergic alveolitis in cattle breeders from the province of Reggio Emilia显示文摘 | Ferri F Ruggieri MP Guidetti G | 2003 | Med Lay2003，94，4： | 1 |
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