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| 1 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 2 | Critical endpoint and inverse magnetic catalysis for finite temperature and density quark matter in a magnetic background显示文摘 | M. Ruggieri L. Oliva P. Castorina R. Gatto V. Greco | 2014 | Physics Letters B2014，，： | 2 |
| 3 | Combined use of α- adrenergic and muscarinic antagonists for the treatment of voiding dysfunction显示文摘 | Ruggieri MR Braverman AS Pontari MA | 2005 | J Urol2005，174，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Vascular endo-thelial growth factor (VEGF) as a target of bevacizum-ab in cancer: from the biology to the clinic 显示文摘 | Ranieri G Patruno R Ruggieri E | 2006 | CurrMed Chem2006，13，16： | 1 |
| 5 | Reinnervation of u- rethral and anal sphincters with femoral motor nerve to pudendal nerve transfer显示文摘 | Ruggieri MR Sr Braverman AS Bernal RM | 2011 | Neurourol Urodyn2011，8，： | 1 |
| 6 | Surgical margins and lo- cal control in reseetion of sacral chordomas显示文摘 | Ruggieri P Angelini A Ussia G | 2010 | Clin Orthop Relat Res2010，468，11： | 1 |
| 7 | The M2 muscarinic receptor mediates in vitro bladder contractions from patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction显示文摘 | Pontari MA Braverman AS Ruggieri MR | 2004 | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2004，286，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Malignancies in fibrous dysplasia显示文摘 | Ruggieri P Sire FH Bond JR | 1994 | Cancer1994，73，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Induction of FAS ligand expression in a human hepatoblastoma cell line by HCV core protein显示文摘 | Ruggieri A Murdolo M Rapicetta M | 2003 | Virus Research2003，97，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Cell cycle perturbation in a human hepatoblastoma cell line constitutively expressing hepatitis C virus core protein显示文摘 | RUGGIERI A MURDOLO M HARADA T | 2004 | Arch Virol2004，149，1： | 1 |
| 11 | MR imaging-related heating of deep brain stimulation electrodes: in vitro study显示文摘 | Finelli DA Rezai AR Ruggieri PM | 2002 | Am J Neurorad2002，23，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) as a target of bevacizumab in cancer:from the biology to the clinic 显示文摘 | Ranieri G Patruno R Ruggieri E | 2006 | Curr Med Chem2006，13，16： | 1 |
| 13 | Giant cell tumor of the extremity: A review of 349 cases from a single institution显示文摘 | Errani C Ruggieri P Asenzio MA | 2010 | Can- cer Treat Rev2010，36，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and post-treatment quality of life显示文摘 | Magliulo G Bertin S Ruggieri M | 2005 | Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2005，262，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Pancreatic encephalopathy:a 7-year follow-up case report and review of the literature显示文摘 | Ruggieri RM Lupo I Piecoli F | 2002 | Neurol Sei2002，23，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Induction of FAS ligand expression in a human hepatoblastoma cell line by HCV core protein 显示文摘 | Ruggieri A Murdolo M Rapicetta M | 2003 | Virus Research2003，97，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Estimation procedure of J-resistance curves for SE(T) fracture specimens using unloading compliance显示文摘 | CRAVERO S RUGGIERI C | 2007 | Engineering Fracture Mechanics2007，74，： | 1 |
| 18 | Consumer acceptance and sensory evaluation of Monti DauniMeridionaliC aciocavallo cheese显示文摘 | SANTILLO A CAROPRESE M RUGGIERI D | 2012 | Journal of Dairy Science2012，95，8： | 1 |
| 19 | CardioVascular adaptation during action pistol shooting 显示文摘 | Fenici R Ruggieri M P Brisinda D | 1999 | Sports Med Phys Fitness1999，39，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Mitochondrial dysfunction and resuscitation in sepsis显示文摘 | Ruggieri AJ Lew RJ Deutschman CS | | 0，，03： | 1 |
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