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| 1 | Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation in diets with low-and high-protein content on ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibility and intestinal microbiota composition of growing pigs显示文摘Background: Bacillus spp. seem to be an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters for improving animals' health and performance. However, there is little information on the effect of Bacillus spp. in combination with different dietary crude protein(CP) levels on the ileal digestibility and microbiota composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of Bacillus spp. supplementation to low-(LP) and high-protein diets(HP) on ileal CP and amino acid(AA) digestibility and intestinal microbiota composition.Methods: Eight ileally cannulated pigs with an initial body weight of 28.5 kg were randomly allocated to a rowcolumn design with 8 pigs and 3 periods of 16 d each. The assay diets were based on wheat-barley-soybean meal with two protein levels: LP(14% CP, as-fed) and HP diet(18% CP, as-fed). The LP and HP diets were supplemented with or without Bacil us spp. at a level of 0.04%(as-fed). The apparent ileal digestibility(AID) and standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of CP and AA was determined. Bacterial community composition from ileal digesta was analyzed by Illumina amplicon sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial design using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS.Results: The supplementation with Bacillus spp. did not affect both AID and SID of CP and AA in growing pigs.Moreover, there was no difference in AID of CP and AA between HP and LP diets, but SID of cystine, glutamic acid,glycine, and proline was lower(P < 0.05) in pigs fed the HP diets. The HP diets increased abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.,(P < 0.05) and by amplicon sequencing the latter was identified as predominant genus in microbiota from HP with Bacillus spp., whereas dietary supplementation of Bacillus spp. increased(P < 0.05) abundance of Roseburia spp.Conclusions: The HP diet increased abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.. The supplementation of Bacil us spp. resulted in a higher abundance of healthy gut associated bacteria without affecting ileal CP and AA digestibility, whereas LP diet may reduce the flow of undigested protein to the large intestine of pigs. | Chanwit Kaewtapee Katharina Burbach Georgina Tomforde Thomas Hartinger Amelia Camarinha-Silva Sonja Heinritz Jana Seifert Markus Wiltafsky Rainer Mosenthin Pia Rosenfelder-Kuon | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Determination of basal ileal endogenous losses and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in barley fed to growing pigs显示文摘Background: Basal ileal endogenous amino acid(AA) losses(IAA_(end)) and standardized ileal digestibility(SID) values of cereal grains, such as barley, are apparently underestimated when determined according to the nitrogen(N)-free method. Regression analysis between the dietary apparent ileal digestible content(c AID) and total crude protein(CP) and AA can be considered as alternative approach to obtain more accurate values for IAA_(end)and SID of AA in cereal grains.Methods: Eight hulled barley genotypes were used, with barley being the only source of CP and AA in the assay diets. The diets contained 95 % as-fed of these eight barley genotypes each, ranging in CP content between 109.1 and 123.8 g/kg dry matter(DM). Nine ileally T-cannulated barrows, average body weight(BW) 30 ± 2 kg, were allotted to a row-column design comprising eight periods with 6 d each and nine pigs. On d 5 and the night of d 6 of every period, ileal digesta were collected for a total of 12 h. The IAA_(end) and the SID were determined by linear regression analysis between c AID and total dietary CP and AA.Results: There exist linear relationships between cA ID and total CP and AA(P < 0.001). The IAA_(end) of CP, Lys, Met, Thr and Trp amounted to 35.34, 1.08, 0.25, 1.02 and 0.38 g/kg DM intake(DMI), respectively, which are greater compared to average IAA_(end) determined previously under N-free feeding conditions. The SID of CP, Lys, Met, Thr and Trp was 90,79, 85, 79 and 86 %, respectively, and was greater when compared to tabulated values. Moreover, these SID values were greater than those reported in literature, based on correction of apparent ileal digestibility(AID) of CP and AA for their IAA_(end)values. Summarized, the results of the present regression analysis indicate greater IAA_(end)in barley-based diets compared to those obtained by N-free feeding.Conclusions: For low-protein feed ingredients like barley the regression method may be preferred over correction of AID values for their IAA_(end)determined under N-free feeding conditions, as intercepts and slopes of the linear regression equations between cA ID and total dietary CP and AA provide direct estimates of IAA_(end)and SID of CP and AA in the presence of the assay feed ingredient. | Hanna Katharina Spindler Rainer Mosenthin Pia Rosenfelder Henry J?rgensen Knud Erik Bach Knudsen Meike Eklund | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Effects of betaine and condensed molasses solubles on nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibility in piglets fed diets deficient in methionine and low in compatible osmolytes显示文摘 | Meike Eklund Rainer Mosenthin Myqerem Tafaj Jane Wamatu | 2006 | Archives of Animal Nutrition2006，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin显示文摘Background:The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of vitamin K(VK)supplementation on bone health of laying hens challenged by Salmonella Enteritidis.Methods:A total of 8032-week-old double negative salmonella-free brown-egg laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 20 replicates each(1 bird per replicate)according to a 2×2 factorial design with 2 dietary VK supplementation levels[0 mg/kg(VK0)vs 2 mg/kg VK(VK2)and 2 challenge treatments[Salmonella Enteritidis(SE)vs physiological saline solution(PS)].During the last 3 days of week 43 of age,birds of both VK treatments were either orally challenged with 1.0 mL suspension of 109 cfu/mL S.Enteritidis daily or received the same volume of PS.Results:The laying rate,daily egg mass,tibia strength,CT,cOC and cOC/(cOC+ucOC)of VK2 treatment increased(P<0.05)in contrast to VK0,however,the medullary area and ucOC of VK2 treatment decreased(P<0.05)in contrast to VK0.Mortality,medullary area,serum Ca content of SE treatments increased(P<0.05)in contrast to PS treatments.In both SE treatments,the decrease(P<0.05)in birds’tibia strength was associated with higher(P<0.05)Ca levels in serum.There is an interaction(P<0.05)between SE challenge and VK levels with regard to tibia strength and serum Ca levels.At week 42,serum CT was positively correlated with cOC(R=0.99,P=0.009);at week 44,tibia strength was positively correlated with BMD(R=0.95,P=0.045),but negatively correlated with medullary area(R=−0.98,P=0.018).Conclusions:VK(2 mg/kg)supplementation to diets of laying hens can enhance bone strength under challenge situations with Salmonella Enteritidis.Medullary area has proven to be a sensitive biomarker for bone calcium loss caused by SE infection. | Yaojun Liu Rainer Mosenthin Lihong Zhao Jianyun Zhang Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，4： | 0 |
| 5 | Effect of the desolventizing/toasting process on chemical composition and protein quality of rapeseed meal显示文摘Background: During processing in a desolventizer/toaster(DT), rapeseed meal(RSM) is heated to evaporate the hexane and to reduce the level of heat-labile anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates(GSL). However, excessive heat treatment may reduce amino acid(AA) content in addition to lower AA digestibility and availability in RSM. The objective of the present study was to produce from one batch of a 00-rapeseed variety(17 μmol GSL/g dry matter(DM), seed grade quality) five differently processed RSM under standardized and defined conditions in a pilot plant,and to determine the impact of these different treatments on protein solubility and chemical composition, in particular with regard to contents of AA including reactive Lys(rL ys) and levels of total and individual GSL.Methods: Four RSM were exposed to wet toasting conditions(WetT C) with increasing residence time in the DT of 48,64, 76, and 93 min. A blend of these four RSM was further processed, starting with saturated steam processing(< 100 °C)and followed by exposure to dry toasting conditions(DryT C) to further reduce the GSL content in this RSM.Results: The contents of neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber bound crude protein(CP) increased linearly(P < 0.05), as residence time of RSM in the DT increased from 48 to 93 min, whereas contents of total and most individual GSL and those of Lys, rL ys, Cys, and the calculated ratio of Lys:CP and r Lys:CP decreased linearly(P ≤ 0.05).The combination of wet heating and DryT C resulted in the lowest GSL content compared to RSM produced under WetT C, but was associated with lowest protein solubility.Conclusions: It can be concluded that by increasing residence time in the DT or using alternative processing conditions such as wet heating combined with DryT C, contents of total and individual GSL in RSM can be substantially reduced.Further in vivo studies are warranted to elucidate if and to which extent the observed differences in protein quality and GSL content between RSM may affect digestibility and bioavailability of AA in monogastric animals. | Rainer Mosenthin Ulrike Messerschmidt Nadja Sauer Patrick Carre Alain Quinsac Friedrich Schone | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Methodological impact of starch determination on starch content and ileal digestibility of starch in grain legumes for growing pigs显示文摘Background: Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility(AID) of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch determination.Methods: Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans(Vicia faba L.) and peas(Pisum sativum L.), five different cultivars of lupins(Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.), and one diet with a soybean meal(SBM) were fed.Results: The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater(P < 0.05) when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically(438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter(DM) in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively).Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM(analyzed polarimetrically) and <1.1 and 3 g/kg DM(analyzed enzymatically), respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater(P < 0.05) in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater(P < 0.05) digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis(84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas). Moreover, AID of starch differed(P < 0.05)within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly(P < 0.05) as the content of condensed tannins increased. However, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean cultivars.Conclusion: Both contents and AID of starch in grain legumes can vary as influenced by the analytical method used for starch determination. Generally, starch digestibility is greater when measured by polarimetric rather than enzymatic methods. | Dagmar Jezierny Rainer Mosenthin Nadja Sauer Klaus Schwadorf Pia Rosenfelder-Kuon | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，2： | 0 |
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