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| 1 | 作物模型输入变量的敏感性分析显示文摘运行作物模型需要大量的输入变量。为了方便模型用户建立模型变量数据库 ,研究估计了作物模型 ALMANAC主要模型输入变量的重要程度。根据在美国德克萨斯州 8个县主要玉米品种的田间试验资料 ,首先建立了模拟 10年 (1989~ 1998年 )玉米和高粱产量的标准数据库 ,模拟结果与实产吻合程度很好。以此为基础 ,分别分析了产量对太阳辐射、降雨、土壤层厚度、土壤有效水分以及径流曲线数变化的敏感性。结果表明 ,径流曲线数变化对于模拟结果的影响最大 ,其次分别是降雨和太阳辐射。玉米对所有变量变化的敏感性都大于高粱。获得合适的降雨资料 ,准确估计径流曲线数 ,对于作物生长模拟十分重要。 | 谢云 James R.Kiniry Jimmy R.Williams 陈友民 林而达 | 2002 | 中国农业科学2002，35，10： | 9 |
| 2 | Reference quality assembly of the 3.5-Gb genome of Capsicum annuum from a single linked-read library显示文摘Linked-Read sequencing technology has recently been employed successfully for de novo assembly of human genomes,however,the utility of this technology for complex plant genomes is unproven.We evaluated the technology for this purpose by sequencing the 3.5-gigabase(Gb)diploid pepper(Capsicum annuum)genome with a single Linked-Read library.Plant genomes,including pepper,are characterized by long,highly similar repetitive sequences.Accordingly,significant effort is used to ensure that the sequenced plant is highly homozygous and the resulting assembly is a haploid consensus.With a phased assembly approach,we targeted a heterozygous F1 derived from a wide cross to assess the ability to derive both haplotypes and characterize a pungency gene with a large insertion/deletion.The Supernova software generated a highly ordered,more contiguous sequence assembly than all currently available C.annuum reference genomes.Over 83%of the final assembly was anchored and oriented using four publicly available de novo linkage maps.A comparison of the annotation of conserved eukaryotic genes indicated the completeness of assembly.The validity of the phased assembly is further demonstrated with the complete recovery of both 2.5-Kb insertion/deletion haplotypes of the PUN1 locus in the F1 sample that represents pungent and nonpungent peppers,as well as nearly full recovery of the BUSCO2 gene set within each of the two haplotypes.The most contiguous pepper genome assembly to date has been generated which demonstrates that Linked-Read library technology provides a tool to de novo assemble complex highly repetitive heterozygous plant genomes.This technology can provide an opportunity to cost-effectively develop high-quality genome assemblies for other complex plants and compare structural and gene differences through accurate haplotype reconstruction. | Amanda M.Hulse-Kemp Shamoni Maheshwari Kevin Stoffel Theresa A.Hill David Jaffe Stephen R.Williams Neil Weisenfeld Srividya Ramakrishnan Vijay Kumar Preyas Shah Michael C.Schatz Deanna M.Church Allen Van Deynze | 2018 | Horticulture Research2018，5，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Strategies to reduce nutrient pollution from manure management in China显示文摘As the demand for livestock products continues to increase in China,so too does the challenge of managing increasing quantities of manure.Urgent action is needed to control point source(housing,storage and processing)and diffuse(field application)pollution and improve the utilization of manure nutrients and organic matter.Here,we review strategies to improve management at each stage of the manure management chain and at different scales.Many strategies require infrastructure investment,e.g.,for containment of all manure fractions.Engineering solutions are needed to develop advanced composting systems with lower environmental footprints and design more efficient nutrient stripping technologies.At the field-scale,there is an urgent need to develop a manure nutrient recommendation system that accounts for the range of manure types,cropping systems,soils and climates throughout China.At the regional scale,coordinated planning is necessary to promote recoupling of livestock and cropping systems,and reduce nutrient accumulation in regions with little available landbank,while minimizing the risk of pollution swapping from one region to another.A range of stakeholders are needed to support the step change and innovation required to improve manure management,reduce reliance on inorganic fertilizers,and generate new business opportunities. | David R.CHADWICK John R.WILLIAMS Yuelai LU Lin MA Zhaohai BAI Yong HOU Xinping CHEN Thomas H.MISSELBROOK | 2020 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2020，7，1： | 4 |
| 4 | 局部缓释IUdR治疗恶性星形细胞瘤实验研究(英文)显示文摘目的研究脑局部缓释125碘标记的5-碘脱氧尿苷(IUdR)的作用。方法为了控制释放125碘-IUdR,合成了25μCi的羧基苯氧丙烷:癸二酸(PCPPSA)(2080)125碘-IUdR聚合体。体外将合成的三聚体缓释剂(10mgPCPPSA)置于37℃磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中孵育不同时间后移出溶剂并置换为新的PBS,将移出液于放射计数器上测量数值。在体研究采用雄性裸鼠(6周)颅内接种U251人恶性星形细胞瘤及皮下接种对比研究。将颅内荷瘤鼠瘤腔内及皮下接种肿瘤组织内分别应用三聚体缓释剂及空白缓释剂,于不同时间分别测量动物头颅及皮下结节的放射活性,间接定量研究缓释状况;采血了解全身代谢情况。对于多聚磷酸酯(PPE)缓释剂研究采用皮下肿瘤结节内局部应用并测量其缓释的方法,放射自显影研究及全身不同器官缓释剂的吸收代谢研究采用接种后2、4和8d收集标本,分别行切片放射自显影和器官放射活性测定。结果体内和体外研究均显示PCPP:SA缓释剂对125碘-IUdR的控制性释放作用,尤其在体研究分别显示颅内和皮下接种的肿瘤组织对标记的IUdR的释放程度存有极大的差异,提示颅内局部应用的优越性。放射自显影定性研究显示了随距离的增加被标记的IUdR的递减趋势,为确定缓释剂施放部位和间距提供了参考数据。各主要脏器放射性测定的结果显示早期小肠内放射性较高,其次为脾脏,提示IUdR主要的代谢渠道,为处理应用其而可能引发的其他脏器损害或作用提供了线索。结论放射标记的IUdR缓释剂主要集中在接种部位且缓释作用确切。 | 马晓东 Jerry R.Williams Larry E.Dillehay Jeffery A Williams | 2005 | 中华神经外科疾病研究杂志2005，4，4： | 3 |
| 5 | YPED: An Integrated Bioinformatics Suite and Database for Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics Research显示文摘We report a significantly-enhanced bioinformatics suite and database for proteomics research called Yale Protein Expression Database(YPED) that is used by investigators at more than 300 institutions worldwide. YPED meets the data management, archival, and analysis needs of a high-throughput mass spectrometry-based proteomics research ranging from a singlelaboratory, group of laboratories within and beyond an institution, to the entire proteomics community. The current version is a significant improvement over the first version in that it contains new modules for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) database search results, label and label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, and several scoring outputs for phosphopeptide site localization. In addition, we have added both peptide and protein comparative analysis tools to enable pairwise analysis of distinct peptides/proteins in each sample and of overlapping peptides/proteins between all samples in multiple datasets. We have also implemented a targeted proteomics module for automated multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)/selective reaction monitoring(SRM) assay development. We have linked YPED's database search results and both label-based and label-free fold-change analysis to the Skyline Panorama repository for online spectra visualization. In addition, we have built enhanced functionality to curate peptide identifications into an MS/MS peptide spectral library for all of our protein database search identification results. | Christopher M.Colangelo Mark Shifman Kei-Hoi Cheung Kathryn L.Stone Nicholas J.Carriero Erol E.Gulcicek TuKiet T.Lam Terence Wu Robert D.Bjornson Can Bruce Angus C.Nairn Jesse Rinehart Perry L.Miller Kenneth R.Williams | 2015 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2015，13，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Remote ischaemic preconditioning of the hind limb reduces experimental liver warm ischaemia–reperfusion injury显示文摘 | S.Kanoria R.Jalan N. A.Davies A. M.Seifalian R.Williams B. R.Davidson | 2006 | Br J Surg2006，，6： | 3 |
| 7 | 英语阅读教学中的十个第一显示文摘1.没有生动的教材就无法搞好阅读教学。这是个显而易见的原则,但却常被忘记。兴趣极其重要,因其增强阅读的动机,而动机又是继而提高阅读速度与流利程度的重要因素。使谁感兴趣呢?最重要的首先是使学生感兴趣。最好也使教师感兴趣。如何了解学生对作为外语的英语阅读的兴趣所在?问问他们用自己母语喜欢读什么,在图书馆悄悄看看学生在读什么,与学校图书管理员谈谈,在当地书店转转然后找出程度适合、内容相近的英文课本。若要检验你目前所使用的英外(作为外语的英语)课本的生动程度, | R.Williams 王建新 | 1989 | 外语教学理论与实践1989，，4： | 3 |
| 8 | 冰雹对美国玉米带作物产量影响模拟(英文)显示文摘为了尝试计算机模拟方法能否成为制定作物保险保费的辅助性工具,该研究运用计算机模拟模型预测冰雹对作物产量的影响。通过对现有EPIC(综合气候因素的环境政策)模型增加冰雹天气模块,即冰雹事件发生概率的数学模型,模拟冰雹对作物产量的影响。除此之外,该研究还模拟了干旱和霜冻等天气因素对美国Iowa,Illinoi和Indiana等3个玉米带州作物产量的影响。首先介绍数据来源及处理方法,讨论建立冰雹模拟模型过程以及对模型进行有效性检验;然后运用统计分析方法对模型模拟结果与实际观察结果进行比较,检验模型模拟结果的准确性。结果表明EPIC模型可以达到95%甚至更高的产量预测的准确性;同时,冰雹灾害模拟结果也可以达到一个较为合理的准确性(R2>0.7)。这些结果表明本研究所建立的增加冰雹模块的EPIC模型可以作为一个较为可靠的冰雹引起的作物产量损失的预测方法.该模型可以用来模拟冰雹事件发生的概率以及其对各种作物产量造成的损失。 | 王尔大 Bertis B.Little Jimmy R.Williams 于洋 | 2012 | 农业工程学报2012，28，21： | 2 |
| 9 | Iris manipulation during phacoemulsification:intraoperative and postoperative complications显示文摘AIM:To quantify intraoperative and postoperative complications in complex phacoemulsification cataract extraction(phacoemulsification)with iris manipulation compared to non-complex and complex phacoemulsification without iris manipulation.METHODS:All phacoemulsification cases at the University of Colorado between January 1,2014,and June 30,2017 were included.Exclusion criteria for the primary outcome of intraoperative complications were planned combination surgery and eyes with less than 28 d followup.Exclusion criteria for the secondary outcomes of postoperative complications were unplanned additional surgery,and chronic steroid eye drop use prior to surgery.Data including sex,race/ethnicity,surgery length,visual acuity,intraoperative and postoperative complications,and intraocular pressures(IOP)were collected and analyzed utilizing general linear and Logistic regression modeling.RESULTS:The medical records of 5772 eyes were reviewed(500 complex without iris manipulation,367 with iris manipulation).The number of any intraoperative complication in the complex with iris manipulation and complex without iris manipulation groups was 15(4.1%)and 26(5.2%),respectively,compared to 41(0.8%)in the non-complex group.Postoperative inflammation was found in 135(2.8%)non-complex cases,20(4.1%)complex cases without iris manipulation,and 20(5.6%)complex cases with iris manipulation.The adjusted odds ratio of postoperative inflammation in phacoemulsification with iris manipulation compared to non-complex was 2.3(95%CI:1.3-4.0,P=0.005).The rate of IOP spikes>10 mm Hg was significantly greater in cases with iris manipulation(P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Complex cases have more intraoperative complications.However,only complex cases with iris manipulation led to increase rates of postoperative inflammation and IOP spikes>10 mm Hg. | Eric R.Williams Jennifer L.Patnaik D.Claire Miller Anne M.Lynch Richard S.Davidson Malik Y.Kahook Leonard K.Seibold | 2021 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2021，14，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Fabrication of Electrospun Levodopa-Carbidopa Fixed-Dose Combinations显示文摘Introduction Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a disabling disorder that signifi-cantly affects a patient’s quality of life[1].Treatments are available,but only 10%of PD patients fully adhere to their treatment regimens[2].Non-adherence is a serious problem linked to worsening symptoms and increased motor fluc-tuations[3-5].Levodopa(LD)remains the most effective treatment for PD[6].However,a single dosing treatment is only effective in the early phase of the disease.In the severe phase,4-5 years after diagnosis,the therapeutic window of dopamine becomes narrow,and due to its short half-life of between 0.7 and 1.4 h dosing of LD will be required every 2 h[7-9].One way to ameliorate this issue is to co-admin-ister LD with carbidopa(CD),which can increase LD’s oral bioavailability to 40-70%[10]. | Haitham Bukhary Gareth R.Williams Mine Orlu | 2020 | Advanced Fiber Materials2020，2，4： | 2 |
| 11 | 查看详情显示文摘 | D.Dalacu K.Mnaymneh V.Sazonova P.J.Poole G.C.Aers J.Lapointe and R.Cheriton A.J.Spring Thorpe and R.Williams | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 12 | Innovative Peer Review Model for Rural Physicians: System Design and Implementation显示文摘 | Josie R.Williams KathyMechler Ralitsa B.Akins | 2008 | The Journal of Rural Health2008，，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Consumer Demand Systems and Aggregate Consumption in the USA:An Application of the Extended Linear Expenditure System显示文摘 | C.Liuch R.Williams | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 14 | Nephrun injuru induced by diagnostic ultrasound imaging at high mechanical index with gss body contrast agent显示文摘 | Alun R.Williams Roger C.Wiggins Bryan L.Wharram et el | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 15 | Theoretical Analysis of the Fluctuation Theorem Applied to Electric Circuits显示文摘We carry out a theoretical analysis of the fluctuations in the Johnson–Nyquist noise in an RC electric circuit being driven by a non-ideal constant current source. Using the appropriate Langevin equation, we derive the fluctuation theorem for the system. This analysis exhibits some interesting features. Firstly, the average of the dissipation function is not necessarily just an instantaneous entropy production, i.e. the work being done on the circuit by the external power source divided by the ambient temperature. Secondly, by appropriate selection of the values for the circuit components,the transient response of the system can be made identical to the nonequilibrium steady state response. In the limit of an ideal current source, the average of the dissipation function reduces to the entropy production. Our analysis accurately reproduces published experimental results. | Charlotte F.Petersen Elmars Krausz Denis J.Evans Stephen R.Williams | 2014 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2014，61，10： | 0 |
| 16 | Intraoperative radiation therapy deserves to be made more readily available to patients显示文摘Whole breast external beam radiotherapy is an effective adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer,and was a key factor in the move from mastectomy to breast-conserving surgery for women with low-risk disease.The logical development from partial surgical removal of the breast is partial breast radiotherapy.Several methods of delivery have been investigated,but as yet none has been widely accepted. | Mohammed Keshtgar Norman R.Williams | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2016，28，4： | 0 |
| 17 | Multiple mating by both sexes in an invasive insect species,Aethina tumida(Coleoptera:Nitidulidae)显示文摘Multiple mating by both sexes is common among sexually reproducing animals.Small hive beetles(SHB),Aethina tumida,are parasites of bee nests endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and have become a widespread invasive species.Despite the considerable economic damages they can cause,their basic biology remains poorly understood.Here we show that male and female small hive beetles can mate multiple times,suggesting that costs for mating are low in this species.In an invasive A.tumida population in the United States,a combination of laboratory experiments for males and paternity analysis with eight polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers for field-caught females were used to estimate the number of mating by both sexes.The data show that females and males can mate multiple times—females mated with up to eight males,whereas males mated with at least seven females.The results also showed that A.tumida displayed a skewed paternity,although this was not consistent among the tested females.Thus,first or last male advantage seem to be unlikely in A.tumida.Our observations that individuals of both sexes of A.tumida can mate multiple times opens new research avenues for examining drivers of multiple mating and determining the role it may play in promoting biological invasions. | Anna Papach Alexis Beaurepaire Orlando Yanez Meret Huwiler Geoffrey R.Williams Peter Neumann | 2023 | Insect Science2023，30，2： | 0 |
| 18 | 2D antimonene-integrated composite nanomedicine for augmented low-temperature photonic tumor hyperthermia by reversing cell thermoresistance显示文摘The overexpression of heat shock proteins(HSPs)in tumor cells can activate inherent defense mechanisms during hyperthermia-based treatments,inducing thermoresistance and thus diminishing the treatment efficacy.Here,we report a distinct“non-inhibitor involvement”strategy to address this issue through engineering a calcium-based nanocatalyst(G/A@CaCO_(3)-PEG).The constructed nanocatalyst consists of calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))-supported glucose oxidase(GOD)and 2D antimonene quantum dots(AQDs),with further surface modification by lipid bilayers and polyethylene glycol(PEG).The engineered G/A@CaCO_(3)-PEG nanocatalyst features prolonged blood circulation,which is stable at neutral pH but rapidly degrades under mildly acidic tumor microenvironment,resulting in rapid release of drug cargo in the tumor microenvironment.The integrated GOD effectively catalyzes the depletion of glucose for reducing the supplies of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and subsequent down-regulation of HSP expression.This effect then augments the therapeutic efficacy of photothermal hyperthermia induced by 2D AQDs upon irradiation with near-infrared light as assisted by reversing the cancer cells’thermoresistance.Consequently,synergistic antineoplastic effects can be achieved via low-temperature photothermal therapy.Systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations have demonstrated that G/A@CaCO_(3)-PEG nanocatalysts feature potent antitumor activity with a high tumor-inhibition rate(83.92%).This work thus paves an effective way for augmenting the hyperthermia-based tumor treatments via restriction of the ATP supply. | Jianrong Wu Xiaojun Cai Gareth R.Williams Zheying Meng Weijuan Zou Li Yao Bing Hu Yu Chen Yuanyi Zheng | 2022 | Bioactive Materials2022，7，4： | 0 |
| 19 | 以精神文明为目标的青春期性健康教育(一)显示文摘也许对一个人来说,什么都比不上家庭文化重要,家庭文化的内容包括亲子关系、同胞关系和配偶关系的规范。青少年性健康教育的目的是为他们今后结婚、过家庭生活作准备,使青年人适应社会生活,能正确面对流行的性道德规范。当代的西方世界有两种互相竞争的性健康教育模式。 | John R.Williams | 1999 | 性学1999，8，2： | 0 |
| 20 | A Methodology to Measure the Environmental Impact of ICT Operating Systems across Different Device Platforms显示文摘A new methodology was created to measure the energy consumption and related green house gas(GHG) emissions of a computer operating system(OS) across different device platforms. The methodology involved the direct power measurement of devices under different activity states. In order to include all aspects of an OS, the methodology included measurements in various OS modes, whilst uniquely, also incorporating measurements when running an array of defined software activities, so as to include OS application management features. The methodology was demonstrated on a laptop and phone that could each run multiple OSs, results confirmed that OS can significantly impact the energy consumption of devices. In particular, the new versions of the Microsoft Windows OS were tested and highlighted significant differences between the OS versions on the same hardware. The developed methodology could enable a greater awareness of energy consumption, during both the software development and software marketing processes. | Daniel R.Williams Yinshan Tang | 2015 | Journal of Electronic Science and Technology2015，13，3： | 0 |
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