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| 1 | Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome: A blinded placebo-controlled trial显示文摘AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder and many patients fail to find adequate relief from conventional therapies for their symptoms. This study tests the claim that acupuncture is effective for a majority of these patients.METNODS: A prospective, blinded, sham acupuncturecontrolled trial of traditional Chinese acupuncture was performed at a single postgraduate teaching hospital in Europe. Sixty patients with well-established IBS were recruited. The blinded comparator was sham acupuncture administered by the second of two acupuncturists who alone was aware of the randomization, and who otherwise followed the prescription of the first. The primary endpoint was a defined fall in the symptom score at 13 wk (by intention to treat). The prior expectation was a 30%placebo response, and a response rate of 70% from acupuncture, for which the study was adequately powered.RESULTS: Patients in treated and sham groups improved significantly during the study-mean improvement in scores being equal (minus 1.9) and significant for both (P<0.05;one-tailed t test). There was a small numeric but nonsignificant difference between the response rate in patients receiving acupuncture (40.7%) and sham treatment (31.2%). Several secondary end-points marginally favored active treatment, but an improved symptom score of any degree of magnitude occurred more often with sham therapy (65.6% vs 59.2%). For no criterion was statistical significance approached.CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese acupuncture is relatively ineffective in IBS in the European hospital setting,and the magnitude of any effect appears insufficient to warrant investment in acupuncture services. | Alastair Forbes Sue Jackson Clare Walter Shafi Quraishi Meron Jacyna Max Pitcher | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，26： | 22 |
| 2 | Mass-balance ecosystem model of the East China Sea显示文摘Using the Ecopath mass-balance trophodynamic model,this paper analyzed the trophic levels,flows,food web structure and ecosystem maturity of the East China Sea,and identified ecologically important functional groups in the ecosystem.The model is based on fishery resource surveys of the East China Sea in 2000,studies on diet composition and global databases such as FishBase and the Sea Around Us Project Database.The results showed that trophic levels of the functional groups are between 2.86 and 4.37,with an average of 3.32.Anchocy(Engraulis japonicus),small fishes and benthic crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs are important groups in terms of the trophic structure and flow dynamics in the East China Sea.Energy flows of most groups are between specific trophic levels,except file fish(Thamnaconus spp.),pomfret(Pampus spp.) and cephalopods.Trophic transfer efficiency of levels Ⅱ,Ⅲ,IV and more than V are 11.8%,21.1%,17.4% and 22.1-22.5%,respectively.Effects of fishery-the largest ‘consumer’ of the ecosystemare much stronger than those exerted by biological groups in the system.The model suggests that the current fishery can further reduce the complexity of the ecosystem.Evaluations of the system indices suggest that maturity of the ecosystem is low.The conclusion of this model indicates that it was the overfishing that caused the ecosystem of the East China Sea declined,which should be taken into account as a critical reference for fisheries management in the future. | Jiahua Cheng William W.L. Cheung Tony J. Pitcher | 2009 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009，19，10： | 9 |
| 3 | Experimental investigation of a cook-off temperature in a hot barrel显示文摘The experimental investigations of the effect of contact time/temperature on initiating the cook-off using 7.62 mm calibre cartridge cases(CC) were conducted previously.These cartridges were hlled with commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) double based(DB) propellant(Bulls Eye)and were loaded in a hot chamber.The thermal explosion temperature is of great significance to both weapon designers and safety inspectors as it provides the operational limit and safe operating temperature.For CC under test,it was found that the cook-off temperatures of this propellant were encountered with the heat transfer profile of the simulated gun barrel between 151.4 ℃ and 153.4 ℃,with a reaction occurring in less than300 s after the round was chambered.Usefully,each experiment was found to be consistent and repeatable. | Amer HAMEED Mathew AZAVEDO Philip PITCHER | 2014 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2014，10，2： | 9 |
| 4 | Reduced striatal volumes in Parkinson’s disease:a magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘Background:The presence and extent of structural changes in the brain as a consequence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is still poorly understood.Methods:High-resolution 3-tesla T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images in sixty-five PD and 27 age-matched healthy control participants were examined.Putamen,caudate,and intracranial volumes were manually traced in the axial plane of 3D reconstructed images.Striatal nuclei volumes were normalized to intracranial volume for statistical comparison.Disease status was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale.Cognitive status was assessed using global status tests and detailed neuropsychological testing.Results:Both caudate and putamen volumes were smaller in PD brains compared to controls after adjusting for age and gender.Caudate volumes were reduced by 11%(p=0.001)and putamen volumes by 8.1%(p=0.025).PD striatal volumes were not found to be significantly correlated with cognitive or motor decline.Conclusion:Small,but significant reductions in the volume of both the caudate and putamen occur in PD brains.These reductions are independent of the effects of age and gender,however the relation of these reductions to the functional loss of dopamine,which is characteristic of PD,remains unclear. | Toni L Pitcher Tracy R Melzer Michael R MacAskill Charlotte F Graham Leslie Livingston Ross J Keenan Richard Watts John C Dalrymple-Alford Tim J Anderson | 2012 | Translational Neurodegeneration2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Proximal Humerus Reconstructions for Tumors显示文摘 | Benjamin K. Potter MD Sheila C. Adams MD J. David Pitcher MD Theodore I. Malinin MD H. Thomas Temple MD | 2009 | Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research2009，，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Caregiver burden is increased in Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI)显示文摘Background:There is limited evidence on caregiver outcomes associated with mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD-MCI)and the coping strategies used by these caregivers.Methods:To investigate this relationship,we examined levels of burden,depression,anxiety,coping strategies and positive aspects of caregiving in the informal caregivers of 96 PD patients.The PD patients were classified using MDS-Task Force Level II criteria as showing either normal cognition(PD-N;n=51),PD-MCI(n=30)or with dementia(PDD;n=15).Results:Mean Zarit Burden Interview(ZBI)score increased significantly between carers of PD-N(M=13.39,SD=12.22)compared to those of PD-MCI patients(M=22.00,SD=10.8),and between carers of PD-MCI and PDD patients(M=29.33,SD=9.59).Moreover,the proportion of carers showing clinically significant levels of burden(ZBI score≥21)also increased as the patients’cognitive status declined(18% for PD-N;60% for PD-MCI;and 80%for PDD)and was mirrored by an increasing amount of time spent providing care by the caregivers.Caregiver ZBI score was independent of patient neuropsychiatric symptoms,motor function,disease duration and time that caregivers spent caregiving.Caregiver use of different coping strategies increased with worsening cognition.However,we found only equivocal evidence that the use of problem-focused,emotion-focused and dysfunctional coping mediated the association between patient cognitive status and caregiver burden,because the inverse models that used caregiver burden as the mediator were also significant.Conclusions:The study highlights the impact of Parkinson’s disease on those providing care when the patient’s cognition is poor,including those with MCI.Caregiver well-being has important implications for caregiver support,nursing home placement and disease course. | Ann J.Jones Roeline G.Kuijer Leslie Livingston Daniel Myall Kyla Horne Michael MacAskill Toni Pitcher Paul T.Barrett Tim J.Anderson John C.Dalrymple-Alford | 2017 | Translational Neurodegeneration2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Evidence for tonic activation of NK-1 receptors during the second phase of the tormalin test in the rat显示文摘 | Henry J L Yashpal K Pitcher G M | 1999 | J Neurosci1999，19，15： | 1 |
| 8 | Structure,antifer-romgnetism and superconductivity of the layered iron arsenide NaFeAs显示文摘 | Parker D R Pitcher M J Clarke S J | 2009 | Chem Commun2009，28，16： | 1 |
| 9 | Fire history and age structure in red fir forests of Sequoia National Park, California 显示文摘 | Pitcher D C | 1987 | Canadian Journal of Forest Research1987，17，： | 1 |
| 10 | G protein-coupled receptor kinases显示文摘 | Pitcher JA Freedman N J Lefkowitz RJ | 1998 | Annu Rev Biochem1998，，67： | 1 |
| 11 | Top management team heterogeneity:Personality,power,and proxies显示文摘 | Pitcher P Smith A D | 2001 | Organization Science2001，，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Critical importance of early diagnosis and treatment of introabdominal infection显示文摘 | Pitcher WD Musher DM | 1982 | Arch Surg1982，117，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Granites and yet more granites forty years on 显示文摘 | PITCHER W S | 1987 | Geologische Rundschau1987，76，： | 1 |
| 14 | Vancomy- cin-associated nephrotoxicity:grave concern or death by character assassination显示文摘 | Hazlewood KA Brouse SD Pitcher WD | 2010 | Am J Med2010，123，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Mycoplasma host specificity: fact or fiction? 显示文摘 | Pitcher D G Nicholas R A | 2005 | Vet J2005，170，： | 1 |
| 16 | Designing isolators with reliability显示文摘 | Pitcher M | 2012 | Cleanroom Technol2012，20，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Basic fibroblast growth factor sense(FGF)and antisense(gfg)RNA transcripts are expressed in unfertilized human oocytes and in differentiated adult tissues显示文摘 | Knee RS Pitcher SE Murphy PR | 1994 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1994，205，1： | 1 |
| 18 | ,HIV-1-specific CD4^+ T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection,but decline with prolonged viral suppression显示文摘 | Pitcher CJ Quittner C Peterson DM | 1999 | Nat Med1999，5，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Structure and superconductivity of LiFeAs显示文摘 | Pitcher M J Parker D R Adamson P | 2008 | Chem Commun2008，45，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Spinal NKCC1 blockade inhibits TRPV1-dependent referred allodynia显示文摘 | Pitcher MH Price TJ Entrena JM | 2007 | Mol Pain2007，3，17： | 1 |
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