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| 1 | Invasive mechanism and control strategy of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel)显示文摘In order to ascertain the invasive mechanism and control strategy of the invasive Crofton weed, Ageratina adenophora, its ecological adaptability and population differentiation,the formation of single dominant population, displacement of native plants and sustainable management strategies were investigated. The present results helped to clarify and explain such issues as the adaptability post invasion,interaction and competition between inter-and intra-species and community resistance, thereby providing important references to researches on other invasive alien species. | WAN FangHao1, LIU WanXue1, GUO JianYing1, QIANG Sheng2, LI BaoPing2, WANG JinJun3, YANG GuoQing1, NIU HongBang1, GUI FuRong1, HUANG WenKun1, JIANG ZhiLin1 & WANG WenQi3 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 2College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 3Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，11： | 42 |
| 2 | Invasive mechanism and management strategy of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B:Progress report of 973 Program on invasive alien species in China显示文摘Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) biotype B,called a 'superbug',is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide.In this report,the invasive mechanism and management of B.tabaci biotype B,based on our 5-year studies,are presented.Six B.tabaci biotypes,B,Q,ZHJ1,ZHJ2,ZHJ3 and FJ1,have been identified in China.Biotype B dominates the other biotypes in many regions of the country.Genetic diversity in biotype B might be induced by host plant,geographical conditions,and/or insecticidal application.The activities of CarE(carboxylesterase) and GSTs(glutathione-S-transferase) in biotype B reared on cucumber and squash were greater than on other host plants,which might have increased its resistance to insecticides.The higher activities of detoxification enzymes in biotype B might be induced by the secondary metabolites in host plants.Higher adaptive ability of biotype B adults to adverse conditions might be linked to the expression of heat shock protein genes.The indigenous B.tabaci biotypes were displaced by the biotype B within 225 d.The asymmetric mating interactions and mutualism between biotype B and begomoviruses via its host plants speed up widespread invasion and displacement of other biotypes.B.tabaci biotype B displaced Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) after 4-7 generations under glasshouse conditions.Greater adaptive ability of the biotype B to adverse conditions and its rapid population increase might be the reasons of its successful displacement of T.vaporariorum.Greater ability of the biotype B to switch to different host plants may enrich its host plants,which might enable it to better compete with T.vaporariorum.Native predatory natural enemies possess greater ability to suppress B.tabaci under field conditions.The kairomones in the 3rd and 4th instars of biotype B may provide an important stimulus in host searching and location by its parasitoids.The present results provide useful information in explaining the mechanisms of genetic diversity,evolution and molecular eco-adaptation of biotype B.Furthermore,it provides a base for sustainable management of B.tabaci using biological and ecological measures. | WAN FangHao1,ZHANG GuiFen1,LIU ShuSheng2,LUO Chen3,CHU Dong4,ZHANG YouJun4,ZANG LianSheng2,JIU Min2,Lü ZhiChuang1,CUI XuHong1,ZHANG LiPing4,ZHANG Fan3,ZHANG QingWen5,LIU WanXue1,LIANG Pei5,LEI ZhongRen1 & ZHANG YongJun1 1 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Acadeny of Agriculture Sciences,Beijing 100094,China 2 Institute of Applied Entomology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310029,China 3 Institute of Plant and Environment Protection,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100089,China 4 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Acadeny of Agricullare Sciences,Beijing 100081,China 5 Department of Entomology,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100094,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，1： | 30 |
| 3 | Genetic diversity of Harpins from Xanthomonas oryzae and their activity to induce hypersensitive response and disease resistance in tobacco显示文摘Three hrfA (hypersensitive response-functioning faction A) homologues (hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3) are cloned from 12 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae using PCR based techniques. Hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 are derived from strains belonging to X. o. pv. oryzae, X. o. pv. oryzicola and X. o. pv. oryzae respectively. Sequence analysis shows that all three genes encode glycine-rich pro-teins with various numbers of GGG-GG motifs. They all share a conserved cysteine residue at position 45 or 47. Hrf1 and hrf3 encode HarpinXoo while hrf2 encodes Harpinxooc. Hrf1 and hrf3 encodes two different types of HarpinXoo proteins. Hrf1 from X. o. pv. oryzae strains ( JxoIII, JxoIV, Jxov, Pxo61, Pxo76, Pxo79, Pxo99, Pxo99 and Pxo124) encodes a 15.6 kD HarpinXoo with 3 GGG-GG motifs while Hrf3 from strain Pxo86 and Pxo112 encodes a 15.9 kD Harpinxoo with 4 GGG-GG motifs. Harpinxooc encoded by hrf2 from X. o. pv. oryzicola (strain RS105) has the mo-lecular weight of 15.3 kD and contains 2 GGG-GG motifs. Cluster analysis is performed using deduced sequences of hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 as well as previously reported Hpa1 and XopI protein sequence. The results indicated that Harpinxoo and Harpinxooc belong to two closely related sub-groups. Hrf, hrf2 and hrf3 are expressed in E. coli strain BL21 successfully. Under the same condition, hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 are expressed at the level of 0.389, 0.530 and 0.083 mg/mL re-spectively. All expressed hrf1, hrf2 and hrf3 proteins (Harpins) are shown to be able to induce hypersensitive reaction and TMV resistance on tobacco. Among the three proteins, Hrf2 has the highest activity while Hrf3 has the lowest activity. | LI Ping, LU Xuzhong, SHAO Min, LONG Juying & WANG Jinsheng Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China | 2004 | Science China(Life Sciences)2004，47，5： | 15 |
| 4 | Cotton bollworm resistance to Bt transgenic cotton: A case analysis显示文摘Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. Transgenic cotton expressing Cry toxins derived from a soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has been produced to target this pest. Bt cotton has been widely planted around the world, and this has resulted in efficient control of bollworm populations with reduced use of synthetic insecticides. However, evolution of resistance by this pest threatens the continued success of Bt cotton. To date, no field populations of bollworm have evolved significant levels of resistance; however, several laboratory-selected Cry-resistant strains of H. armigera have been obtained, which suggests that bollworm has the capacity to evolve resistance to Bt. The development of resistance to Bt is of great concern, and there is a vast body of research in this area aimed at ensuring the continued success of Bt cotton. Here, we review studies on the evolution of Bt resistance in H. armigera, focusing on the biochemical and molecular basis of Bt resistance. We also discuss resistance management strategies, and monitoring programs implemented in China, Australia, and India. | LIU ChenXi, LI YunHe, GAO YuLin, NING ChangMing & WU KongMing State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，8： | 10 |
| 5 | An intracellular toxic protein (Xin) isolated from Xenorhabdus nematophilus strain BJ显示文摘An intracellular toxic protein, designated Xin and with remarkable inhibitory effect on growth of Helicoverpa armigera, was isolated from X. Nematophilus strain BJ by ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. After placing neonates on the artificial diet containing Xin at concentration of 0 or 3.48μg/g for 7 days, the average weight of insects was 23.50mg and 0.55mg, respectively. The activity of Xin was lost by heating, freeze-drying, digestion with proteases or urea. The Xin molecular weight, over kD, was determined by gel filtration on Superose 12, and there were six component proteins analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results show that Xin is a high molecular protein complex inhibiting growth of insect pest. | PAN Yinghong , JIAN Heng , ZHANG Jie , LIU Zheng, CHEN Zhongyi , YANG Xiufen, YANG Huaiwen and HUANG Dafang( State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China Institute of Biocontrol Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China Institute of Biotechnology Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.) | 2002 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2002，12，4： | 9 |
| 6 | Identification of an avirulence gene,avrxa5,from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae显示文摘Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,the causal agent of bacterial blight in rice,interacts with rice plants in a gene-for-gene manner.The specificity of the interaction is dictated by avirulence(avr) genes in the pathogen and resistance(R) genes in the host.To date,no avr genes that correspond to recessive R genes have been isolated.We isolated an avrBs3/pthA family gene,avrxa5,from our previously isolated clone p58,which was originally from strain JXOIII.The avrxa5 gene converted the PXO99A strain from compatible to incompatible in rice cultivars containing the recessive xa5 gene,but not in those containing the dominant Xa5 gene.Sequencing indicated that avrxa5,which is highly similar to members of the avrBs3/pthA family,encodes a protein of 1238 amino acid residues with a conserved carboxy-terminal region containing three nuclear localization signals and a transcription activation domain.It has 19.5 34-amino-acid direct repeats,but the 13th amino acid is missing in the fifth and ninth repetitive units.Domain swapping of the repetitive regions between avrxa5 and avrXa7 changed the avirulence specificity of the genes in xa5 and Xa7 rice lines,respectively.This indicates that avrxa5 is distinct from previously characterized avrBs3/pthA members.The specificity of avrxa5 toward recessive xa5 in rice could help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen specific interactions. | ZOU HuaSong1,ZHAO WenXiang2,ZHANG XiFu3,HAN YangChun2,ZOU LiFang2 & CHEN GongYou1,2* 1School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China 2College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University/Laboratory for Monitoring and Management for Plant Pests and Diseases,Chinese Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing 210095,China 3Department of Agronomy,Henan Vocation-Technical Teachers College,Xinxiang 453003,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，12： | 9 |
| 7 | Release of active oxygen from phytopathogenic bacteria and their regulation显示文摘Some phytopathogenic bacteria including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (a rice leaf bacterial blight pathogen) and its virulent gene mutant XooM3105,Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Erwinia carotovora subsp, carotovora and so on, could release active oxygen such as O2 and H2O2 by themselves.Ca2+, NADPH and O2 concentration regulated the response. The response is sensitive to heat and proteinase. These results show that the component releasing active oxygen in the bacterial plant pathogen may involve special protein and enzyme and be secreted to culture liquid. Various components of rice tissue can significantly induce the release of active oxygen in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | LI Hongyu WANG JinshengKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China Corresponding author | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，1： | 8 |
| 8 | Rapid cold hardening process of insects and its ecologically adaptive significance显示文摘In contrast to overwintering cold hardening, a rapid cold hardening process has recently been described in insects. This process can rapidly enhance cold tolerance of insects in several hours or even minutes. The characteristics of rapid cold hardening include inducing conditions, cold hardening effects, and fitness costs. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of rapid cold hardening include rapid changes in the phospholipid composition and the increase in hemolymph osmolalities, polyols production, proline and cold-induced proteins. Moreover, there are different views about the ecologically adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening in insects. This paper reviews research results about rapid cold hardening of insects since 1987, focusing on forms of cold injury, strategies of cold tolerance, and definitions, characteristics, physiological and biochemical mechanisms and adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening. | WANG Xianhui, QI Xianlei and RANG Le(State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，9： | 5 |
| 9 | Identification of a protein associated with circulative transmission of Barley yellow dwarf virus from cereal aphids, Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae显示文摘Using 2-D electrophoresis and virus overlay assay, a 50-kDa protein (P50) exhibiting specific binding to purified virus particles of BYDV-GAV was found in the protein extracts from Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae, two aphid species transmitting BYDV-GAV. P50 in the extracts of S. graminum was isolated by preparation electrophoresis and electro-eluted proteins from the gel slices for antiserum preparation. After feeding the antiserum through membrane, the transmission efficiencies of S. graminum and S. avenae for BYDV-GAV decreased significantly. It was suggested that P50 should be related with transmission pro- cess. Location of P50 was found at the plasma membrane surrounding the accessory salivary gland (ASG) in the head tissues of S. graminum by immunogold-labelling experiment. The ascertainment of the protein associated with virus transmission has a significance influence on further understanding the transmission mechanism and genetic engineering for resistant to vector transmission. | WANG Xifeng & ZHOU Guanghe State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，19： | 4 |
| 10 | Relationship between El Nino /South Oscillation(ENSO) and population outbreaks of some lemmings and voles in Europe显示文摘Ecologists have been puzzled by population cycles of lemmings and voles for the over 70 years. At present, our understanding and explanation to this phenomenon remain controversial. Recently, El Nino/South Oscillation has attracted attention of ecologists on its links with population outbreaks of terrestrial animals. This paper aims to investigate the statistical relationship between outbreaks of microtine rodents and ENSO events by scanning available literature. During 1862-1894, outbreaks of Norway lemmings in Norway tended to occur in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) peak years or 1 year after the SOI peak years with an approximate significance level (p = 0.057). During 1885-1931, outbreaks of voles in France tended to occur 1 year before the SOI peak years (p = 0.01). During 1946-1993, outbreaks of lemmings and voles in North Finland tended to occur 1 year before the SOI peak years with a significant level (p = 0.022); the peaks of population abundance corresponded well to the SOI trough years | ZHANG ZhibinNational Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China (e-mail: zhangzb@panda.ioz.ac.cn) | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，13： | 3 |
| 11 | Effects of Microtubule Polymerization Inhibitor on the Hypersensitive Response of Wheat Induced by the Non-Host Pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginea显示文摘The plant cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic and versatile intracellular scaffold composed of microtubules and microfilaments, serving a multiplicity of functions in plant cells. To reveal the relationship between the cytoskeleton in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Suwon 11 attacked by the non-host pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginea and the initiation of the hypersensitive response, the microtubule inhibitor oryzalin was injected into the wheat leaves immediately prior to inoculation. The incidence of hypersensitive cell death was significantly lower than that in water-treated control. In addition, the occurrence of hypersensitive cell death was also delayed and S. fuliginea was able to penetrate and form haustoria in epidermal tissues of wheat. All the results above indicated that hypersensitive cell death was associated with depolymerisation of microtubules, suggesting that microtubules might play an important role in the expression of non-host resistance of wheat. | LI Hong-li, WANG Hai-yan, HAO Xin-yuan, SONG Xiao-he and MA Qing College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, P.R.China | 2010 | Agricultural Sciences in China2010，9，3： | 3 |
| 12 | Study on the Ultrastructures of Antennal Sensilla in Helicoverpa armigera显示文摘The morphology and structures of antennal sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera are observed under scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Antennae of Helicoverpa armigera are made up of scapus,pedicel and flagellum that the latter consists of 70 - 82 segments. The inner side surface of antenna is cataphracted and most of the antennal sensilla lie on its outer, upper and lower surfaces. Both the antennae of male and female contain five kinds of antennal sensilla, namely, sensillum trichodeum, sensillum basiconicum, sensillum chaeticum, ear-shaped sensillum and sensillum coeloconicum, and the kinds, number and distribution of antennal sensilla of both sexes are similar. There are a large number of serrate cuticular processes on antennal surface, especially on the middle and basic parts of antenna. Sensillum trichodeum and sensillum basiconicum, the main chemical odor receptors on antennae of Helicoverpa armigera, consist of cuticularwall, sheath cells, lymph and dendrites. There are significant differences between the internal structures of the two kinds of sensilla. In sensillum trichodeum, the cuticular-wall is thicker, less lipophilic pore channels and has one or a few dendrites, while in sensillum basiconicum, the cuticular-wall is thinner, abundant lipophilic pore channels and has much more dendrites. | WANG Gui-rong, GUO Yu-yuan and WU Kong-ming( State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, The Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094 , P. R . China ) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，8： | 2 |
| 13 | Threat and management strategies of potentially invasive insects in China显示文摘The Global Invasive Species Database, GISD, comprises 27 species of the most significant invasive alien insects in the world (through November, 2005), 6 of which are originally native to China, 11 are established in China, and 10 have a potential invasion threat to China. This paper discusses these species in terms of distribution, harmfulness and dispersal ways, and finds that: (i) Information re-garding invasive insects in the GISD remains inadequate. Such harmful invasive species as Opogona sacchari (Bojer), Oracella acuta (Lobdell), and Dendroctonus valens LeConte are not included. (ii) Ten species of invasive insects, particularly Lasius neglectus Van Loon and Linepithema humile (Mayr) which become established in areas near China, have the potential to become established in China. (iii) Special attention should be paid to species from Asia and the Americas because of their greater likeli-hood of becoming established in China. Finally, some management strategies including legislation, quarantine, early warning, prevention and control are suggested. | ZHANG RunZhi1, ZHANG YaPing2 & JIANG YouXu3 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 650223, China 3 The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，10： | 2 |
| 14 | Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 is an independent prognostic factor in human ovarian carcinoma显示文摘 | Denkert C Kobel M Pest S | 2002 | Am J Pathol2002，160，3： | 1 |
| 15 | The'seed and soil'hypothesis revisited显示文摘 | Fidler IJ Peste G | 2008 | The Lancet Oncology2008，9，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 in normal and mailgnant human ovatian epithelium 显示文摘 | Li S Miner K Fannin M Pest S | 2004 | Gynecol Oncol2004，92，2： | 1 |
| 17 | 16 tentative meth- od for adults of some major pest species of stored cereals, with methyl bromide and phosphine 显示文摘 | Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural pests to pesticides | 1975 | Plant Prot Bull Rome1975，23，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 is an independent prognostic factor in human ovarian carcinoma显示文摘 | Kobel M Pest S | 2002 | Am J Pathol2002，160，： | 1 |
| 19 | 高粱条螟发生规律及防治的研究显示文摘 | INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION SOIL AND FERTILIZER HOPEI PROVINCE PEST PROGNOSTIC STATION YONQ-CHING COUNTY TECHNOLOGICAL GROUP LAO-JING-TANG PRODUCTION BRIGADE YONG-CHING COUNTY | 1977 | 昆虫学报1977，，04： | 1 |
| 20 | Dietary copper in excess of nutritional requirement reduces plasma and breast muscle cholesterol of chickens 显示文摘 | Bakniei Pest G M | 1995 | Poultry Sci1995，74，： | 1 |
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