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| 1 | 全球生态系统服务与自然资本的价值估算显示文摘编者按:地球上的生态系统是一种复杂的生命支持系统,生态系统对人类的贡献,在生态学研究中经常用“社会效益和经济效益”来表述,是可以用经济价值来估算的。然而,由于其复杂性和不确定性,对这两个效益如何进行估价,一直是困扰生态学家和经济学家的重要问题。Cos... | Robert Costanza Ralph d'Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V.O'neill Jose Paruelo Robert G.Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt 陶大立(译) | 1999 | 生态学杂志1999，18，2： | 38 |
| 2 | Review of salt consumption and stomach cancer risk:Epidemiological and biological evidence显示文摘Stomach cancer is still the fourth most common cancer;thus,it remains an important public health burden worldwide,especially in developing countries.The remarkable geographic variations in the rates of stomach cancer indicate that dietary factors,including a range of food groups to which salt and/or nitrates have been added,may affect stomach cancer risk.In this paper,we review the results from ecologic,case-control and cohort studies on the relationship between salt or salted foods and stomach cancer risk.The majority of ecological studies indicated that the average salt intake in each population was closely correlated with gastric cancer mortality.Most case-control studies showed similar results,indicating a moderate to high increase in risk for the highest level of salt or salted food consumption.The overall results from cohort studies are not totally consistent,but are suggestive of a moderate direct association.Since salt intake has been correlated with Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection,it is possible that these two factors may synergize to promote the development of stomach cancer.Additionally,salt may also cause stomach cancer through directly damaging gastric mucus,improving temporary epithelial proliferation and the incidence of endogenous mutations,and inducing hypergastrinemia that leads to eventual parietal cell loss and progression to gastric cancer.Based on the considerable evidence from ecological,case-control and cohort studies worldwide and the mechanistic plausibility,limitation on salt and salted food consumption is a practical strategy for preventing gastric cancer. | Xiao-Qin Wang Paul D Terry Hong Yan | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，18： | 28 |
| 3 | Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of pancreatic carcinoma: 1990-2010显示文摘Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Most patients present with obstructive jaundice, epigastric or back pain, weight loss and anorexia. Despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, the majority of cases are still detected in advanced stages. The only curative treatment for PC remains surgical resection. No more than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis and survival remains quite poor as adjuvant therapies are not very effective. A small percentage of patients with borderline non-resectable PC might benefit from neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy enabling them to undergo resection; however, randomized controlled studies are needed to prove the benefits of this strategy. Patients with unresectable PC benefit from palliative interventions such as biliary decompression and celiac plexus block. Further clinical trials to evaluate new chemo and radiation protocols as well as identification of genetic markers for PC are needed to improve the overall survival of patients affected by PC, as the current overall 5-year survival rate of patients affected by PC is still less than 5%. The aim of this article is to review the most recent high quality literature on this topic. | Chakshu Sharma Karim M Eltawil Paul D Renfrew Mark J Walsh Michele Molinari | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，7： | 28 |
| 4 | Phytochemical and anti-bacterial activity of epidermal glands extract of Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev.显示文摘Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands. | Paul Raj K Irudayaraj V Johnson M Patric Raja D | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，1： | 14 |
| 5 | Schistosoma mansoni proteins attenuate gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice显示文摘AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with S.mansoni proteins.Experiments were performed 5 d after TNBS injection.Inflammationwas quantified using validated inflammation parameters. Gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility.Peristaltic activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg set-up.Cytokine profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 d.TNBS did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility disturbances.In addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a S.mansoni protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with S.mansoni proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis. | Nathalie E Ruyssers Benedicte Y De Winter Joris G De Man Natacha D Ruyssers Ann J Van Gils Alex Loukas Mark S Pearson Joel V Weinstock Paul A Pelckmans Tom G Moreels | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，6： | 11 |
| 6 | Mechanosignaling activation of TGFβmaintains intervertebral disc homeostasis显示文摘Intervertebral disc(IVD) degeneration is the leading cause of disability with no disease-modifying treatment.IVD degeneration is associated with instable mechanical loading in the spine, but little is known about how mechanical stress regulates nucleus notochordal(NC) cells to maintain IVD homeostasis. Here we report that mechanical stress can result in excessive integrin α_vβ_6-mediated activation of transforming growth factor beta(TGFβ), decreased NC cell vacuoles, and increased matrix proteoglycan production, and results in degenerative disc disease(DDD). Knockout of TGFβ type II receptor(TβRII) or integrin α_v in the NC cells inhibited functional activity of postnatal NC cells and also resulted in DDD under mechanical loading.Administration of RGD peptide, TGFβ, and α_vβ_6-neutralizing antibodies attenuated IVD degeneration. Thus,integrin-mediated activation of TGFβ plays a critical role in mechanical signaling transduction to regulate IVD cell function and homeostasis. Manipulation of this signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to modify DDD. | Qin Bian Lei Ma Amit Jain Janet L Crane Khaled Kebaish Mei Wan Zhengdong Zhang X Edward Guo Paul D Sponseller Cheryle A Seguin Lee H Riley Yongjun Wang Xu Cao | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，1： | 9 |
| 7 | 睾酮与男性心血管疾病显示文摘尽管冠状动脉疾病(CAD)的发病存在地域差异,但相对于女性,男性的CAD发病及死亡率还是较高。性激素的性别特异性影响起着一定的作用。本文对目前睾酮在男性CAD中起的作用进行了概述,包括年龄相关的睾酮下降,睾酮水平与CAD、CAD风险因子和死亡率之间的关系。同时我们也论述了睾酮的血管活性作用,并讨论了其在心衰和心绞痛男性病人中的应用。我们还讨论了CAD男性病人的低睾酮水平是其“缘由”还是“影响”的争议,以及用睾酮补充疗法治疗中老年男性的各种顾虑。文章最后提出了此领域未来研究的方向,包括用睾酮补充疗法治疗男性CAD病人及其优缺点等。 | Paul D Morris Kevin S Channer | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，3： | 8 |
| 8 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 9 | Identification and characterization of genes that control fat deposition in chickens显示文摘Background: Fat deposits in chickens contribute significantly to meat quality attributes such as juiciness, flavor,taste and other organoleptic properties. The quantity of fat deposited increases faster and earlier in the fastgrowing chickens than in slow-growing chickens. In this study, Affymetrix Genechip? Chicken Genome Arrays 32773transcripts were used to compare gene expression profiles in liver and hypothalamus tissues of fast-growing and slow-growing chicken at 8 wk of age. Real-time RT-PCR was used to validate the differential expression of genes selected from the microarray analysis. The mRNA expression of the genes was further examined in fat tissues. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of four lipid-related genes with fat traits was examined in a F2resource population.Results: Four hundred genes in the liver tissues and 220 genes hypothalamus tissues, respectively, were identified to be differentially expressed in fast-growing chickens and slow-growing chickens. Expression levels of genes for lipid metabolism(SULT1B1, ACSBG2, PNPLA3, LPL, AOAH) carbohydrate metabolism(MGAT4B, XYLB, GBE1, PGM1,HKDC1)cholesttrol biosynthesis(FDPS, LSS, HMGCR, NSDHL, DHCR24, IDI1, ME1) HSD17B7 and other reaction or processes(CYP1A4, CYP1A1, AKR1B1, CYP4V2, DDO) were higher in the fast-growing White Recessive Rock chickens than in the slow-growing Xinghua chickens. On the other hand, expression levels of genes associated with multicellular organism development, immune response, DNA integration, melanin biosynthetic process, muscle organ development and oxidation-reduction(FRZB, DMD, FUT8, CYP2C45, DHRSX, and CYP2C18) and with glycol-metabolism(GCNT2, ELOVL 6, and FASN), were higher in the XH chickens than in the fast-growing chickens. RT-PCR validated high expression levels of nine out of 12 genes in fat tissues. The G1257069A and T1247123C of the ACSBG2 gene were significantly associated with abdominal fat weight. The G4928024A of the FASN gene were significantly associated with fat bandwidth, and abdominal fat percentage. The C4930169T of the FASN gene was associated with abdominal fat weight while the A59539099G of the ELOVL 6 was significantly associated with subcutaneous fat. The A8378815G of the DDT was associated with fat band width.Conclusion: The differences in fat deposition were reflected with differential gene expressions in fast and slow growing chickens. | Hirwa Claire D'Andre Wallace Paul Xu Shen Xinzheng Jia Rong Zhang Liang Sun Xiquan Zhang | 2014 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2014，5，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Interactions between CagA and smoking in gastric cancer显示文摘AIM: To examine the interactions between cytotoxinassociated gene (CagA) positive Helicobacter pylori infection and smoking in non-cardiac gastric cancer.METHODS: A case-control study (257 cases and 514 frequency-matched controls) was conducted from September 2008 to July 2010 in Xi’an,China.Cases were newly diagnosed,histologically confirmed non-cardiac cancer.Controls were randomly selected from similar communities to the cases and were further matched by sex and age (± 5 years).A face-to-face interview was performed by the investigators for each participant.Data were obtained using a standardized questionnaire that included questions regarding known or suspected lifestyle and environmental risk factors of gastric cancer.A 5 mL sample of fasting venous blood was taken.CagA infection was serologically detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS: Smoking and CagA infection were statistically significant risk factors of non-cardiac cancer.CagA was categorized in tertiles,and the odds ratio (OR) was 12.4 (95% CI: 6.1-20.3,P = 0.003) for CagA after being adjusted for confounding factors when the highexposure category was compared with the low-exposure category.Smokers had an OR of 5.4 compared with subjects who never smoked (95% CI: 2.3-9.0,P = 0.002).The OR of non-cardiac cancer was 3.5 (95% CI: 1.8-5.3) for non-smokers with CagA infection,3.5 (95% CI: 1.9-5.1) for smokers without CagA infection,and 8.7 (95% CI: 5.1-11.9) for smokers with CagA infection compared with subjects without these risk factors.After adjusting for confounding factors,the corresponding ORs of non-cardiac cancer were 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5-6.8),2.7 (95% CI: 1.3-4.9) and 19.5 (95% CI: 10.3-42.2),respectively.There was a multiplicative interaction between smoking and CagA,with a synergistic factor of 2.257 (Z = 2.315,P = 0.021).CONCLUSION: These findings support a meaningful interaction between CagA and smoking for the risk of gastric cancer which may have implications for its early detection. | xiao-Qin wang Hong Yan Paul D Terry Jian-Sheng Wang Li Cheng Wen-An Wu Sen-Ke Hu | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，28： | 6 |
| 11 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 12 | High-density SNP-based genetic maps for the parents of an outcrossed and a selfed tetraploid garden rose cross, inferred from admixed progeny using the 68k rose SNP array显示文摘Dense genetic maps create a base for QTL analysis of important traits and future implementation of marker-assisted breeding.In tetraploid rose,the existing linkage maps include<300 markers to cover 28 linkage groups(4 homologous sets of 7 chromosomes).Here we used the 68k WagRhSNP Axiom single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array for rose,in combination with SNP dosage calling at the tetraploid level,to genotype offspring from the garden rose cultivar‘Red New Dawn’.The offspring proved to be not from a single bi-parental cross.In rose breeding,crosses with unintended parents occur regularly.We developed a strategy to separate progeny into putative populations,even while one of the parents was unknown,using principle component analysis on pairwise genetic distances based on sets of selected SNP markers that were homozygous,and therefore uninformative for one parent.One of the inferred populations was consistent with self-fertilization of‘Red New Dawn’.Subsequently,linkage maps were generated for a bi-parental and a self-pollinated population with‘Red New Dawn’as the common maternal parent.The densest map,for the selfed parent,had 1929 SNP markers on 25 linkage groups,covering 1765.5 cM at an average marker distance of 0.9 cM.Synteny with the strawberry(Fragaria vesca)genome was extensive.Rose ICM1 corresponded to F.vesca pseudochromosome 7(Fv7),ICM4 to Fv4,ICM5 to Fv3,ICM6 to Fv2 and ICM7 to Fv5.Rose ICM2 corresponded to parts of F.vesca pseudochromosomes 1 and 6,whereas ICM3 is syntenic to the remainder of Fv6. | Mirjana Vukosavljev Paul Arens Roeland E Voorrips Wendy P C van't Westende G D Esselink Peter M Bourke Peter Cox W Eric van de Weg Richard G F Visser Chris Maliepaard Marinus J M Smulders | 2016 | Horticulture Research2016，3，1： | 6 |
| 13 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 14 | Bcl-2 degradation is an additional pro-apoptotic effect of polo-like kinase inhibition in cholangiocarcinoma cells显示文摘AIM To examine the influence on apoptotic mechanisms following inhibition of polo-like kinases as therapeuticallyapproach for cholangiocellular cancer treatment. METHODS As most cholangiocarcinomas are chemotherapyresistant due to mechanisms preventing tumor cell death, we investigated the effect of Cisplatin on cholangiocellular carcinoma(CCA) cell lines KMCH-1 and Mz-Ch-1. Polo-like kinases(PLK) are important regulators of the cell cycle and their inhibition is discussed as a potential therapy while PLK inhibition can regulate apoptotic mediators. Here, cells were treated with PLK inhibitor BI6727(Volasertib), Cisplatin, and in combination of both compounds. Cell viability was assessed by MTT; apoptosis was measured by DAPI staining and caspase-3/-7 assay. Western blot and q RT-PCR were used to measure expression levels of apoptosis-related molecules Bax and Bcl-2. RESULTS The cell viability in the CCA cell lines KMCH-1 and Mz-Ch-1 was reduced in all treatment conditions compared to vehicle-treated cells. Co-treatment with BI6727 and cisplatin could even enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin single treatment. Thus, co-treatment of cisplatin with BI6727 could slightly enhance the cytotoxic effect of the cisplatin in both cell lines whereas there was evidence of increased apoptosis induction solely in Mz-Ch-1 as compared to KMCH-1. Moreover, PLK inhibition decreases protein levels of Bcl-2; an effect that can be reversed by the proteasomal degradation inhibitor MG-132. In contrast, protein levels of Bax were not found to be altered by PLK inhibition. These findings indicate that cytotoxic effects of Cisplatin in Mz-Ch-1 cells can be enhanced by co-treatment with BI6727.CONCLUSION In conclusion, BI6727 treatment can sensitize CCA cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis with proteasomal Bcl-2 degradation as an additional pro-apoptotic effect. | Svenja Sydor Sami Jafoui Lena Wingerter Sandra Swoboda Joachim C Mertens Guido Gerken Ali Canbay Andreas Paul Christian D Fingas | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，22： | 5 |
| 15 | Adalimumab Induces and Maintains Mucosal Healing in Patients With Crohn’s Disease: Data From the EXTEND Trial显示文摘 | Paul Rutgeerts Gert Van Assche William J. Sandborn Douglas C. Wolf Karel Geboes Jean–Frédéric Colombel Walter Reinisch Ashish Kumar Andreas Lazar Anne Camez Kathleen G. Lomax Paul F. Pollack Geert D’Haens | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Adherence to surveillance guidelines for dysplasia and colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis patients in the Netherlands显示文摘AIM: To study adherence to the widely accepted surveillance guidelines for patients with long-standing colitis in the Netherlands. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all 244 gastroenterologists in the Netherlands. RESULTS: The response rate was 63%. Of all gastroenterologists, 95% performed endoscopic surveillance in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 65% in patients with Crohn's colitis. The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guidelines were followed by 27%, while 27% and 46% followed their local hospital protocol or no specific protocol, respectively. The surveillance was correctly initiated in cases of pancolitis by 53%, and in cases of left-sided colitis by 44% of the gastroenterologists. Although guidelines recommend 4 biopsies every 10 cm, less than 30 biopsies per colonoscopy were taken by 73% of the responders. Only 31%, 68% and 58% of the gastroenterologists referred patients for colectomy when low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or Dysplasia Associated Lesion or Mass (DALM) was present, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most Dutch gastroenterologists performendoscopic surveillance without following international recommended guidelines. This practice potentially leads to a decreased sensitivity for dysplasia, rendering screening for colorectal cancer in this population highly ineffective. | Anne F van Rijn Paul Fockens Peter D Siersema Bas Oldenburg | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，2： | 4 |
| 17 | The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital显示文摘 | Robert Costanza Ralph d’Arge Rudolf de Groot Stephen Farber Monica Grasso Bruce Hannon Karin Limburg Shahid Naeem Robert V. O’Neill Jose Paruelo Robert G. Raskin Paul Sutton Marjan van den Belt | 1998 | Ecological Economics1998，，1： | 4 |
| 18 | Identification of pathologic features associated with “ulcerative colitis-like” Crohn's disease显示文摘AIM: To identify pathologic features associated with this 'ulcerative colitis(UC)-like' subgroup of Crohn's disease(CD).METHODS: Seventeen subjects diagnosed as having UC who underwent proctocolectomy(RPC) from 2003-2007 and subsequently developed CD of the ileal pouch were identified. UC was diagnosed based on preoperative clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic studies. Eighteen patients who underwent RPC for UC within the same time period without subsequently developing CD were randomly selected and used as controls. Pathology reports and histological slides were reviewed for a wide range of gross and microscopic pathological features, as well as extent of disease. The demographics, gross description and histopathology of the resection specimens were reviewed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Patients with 'UC-like' CD were on average 13 years younger than those with 'true' UC(P < 0.01). More severe disease in the proximal involved region and active ileitis with/without architectural distortion were observed in 6 of 17(35%) and 7 of 17(41%) 'UC-like' CD cases, respectively, but in none of the 'true' UC cases(P < 0.05). Active appendicitis occurred in 8 of 16(50%) 'UC-like' CD cases but in only two(11%) 'true' UC cases(P < 0.05). Conspicuous lamina propria neutrophils were more specific for 'UClike' CD(76% vs 22%, P < 0.05). In addition, prominent lymphoid aggregates tended to be more common in 'UC-like' CD(P = 0.07). The 'true' UC group contained a greater number of cases with severe activity(78% vs 47%). Therefore, the features more commonly seen in 'UC-like' CD were not due to a more severe disease process. Crohn's granulomas and transmural inflammation in non-ulcerated areas were absent in both groups.CONCLUSION: More severe disease in the proximal involved region, terminal ileum involvement, active appendicitis, and prominent lamina propria neutrophils may be morphological factors associated with 'UC-like' CD. | Samuel D James Paul E Wise Tania Zuluaga-Toro David A Schwartz M Kay Washington Chanjuan Shi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 4 |
| 19 | Characterisation and seasonal variations of particles in the atmosphere of rural, urban and industrial areas:Organic compounds显示文摘Atmospheric aerosol samples(PM_(2.5–0.3), i.e., atmospheric particles ranging from 0.3 to2.5 μm) were collected during two periods: spring–summer 2008 and autumn–winter 2008–2009, using high volume samplers equipped with cascade impactors. Two sites located in the Northern France were compared in this study: a highly industrialised city(Dunkirk) and a rural site(Rubrouck). Physicochemical analysis of particulate matter(PM) was undertaken to propose parameters that could be used to distinguish the various sources and to exhibit seasonal variations but also to provide knowledge of chemical element composition for the interpretation of future toxicological studies. The study showed that PM2.5–0.3concentration in the atmosphere of the rural area remains stable along the year and was significantly lower than in the urban or industrial ones, for which concentrations increase during winter.High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), dioxins, furans and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls(DL-PCBs), generated by industrial activities, traffic and municipal wastes incineration were detected in the samples. Specific criteria like Carbon Preference Index(CPI) and Combustion PAHs/Total PAHs ratio(CPAHs/TPAHs) were used to identify the possible sources of atmospheric pollution. They revealed that paraffins are mainly emitted by biogenic sources in spring–summer whereas as in the case of PAHs, they have numerous anthropogenic emission sources in autumn-winter(mainly from traffic and domestic heating). | Fabrice Cazier Paul Genevray Dorothée Dewaele Habiba Nouali Anthony Verdin Frédéric Ledoux Adam Hachimi Lucie Courcot Sylvain Billet Saad Bouhsina Pirouz Shirali Guillaume Garcon Dominique Courcot | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，6： | 4 |
| 20 | Axitinib plus gemcitabine versus placebo plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a double-blind randomised phase 3 study显示文摘 | Hedy L Kindler Tatsuya Ioka Dirk J Richel Jaafar Bennouna Richard Létourneau Takuji Okusaka Akihiro Funakoshi Junji Furuse Young Suk Park Shinichi Ohkawa Gregory M Springett Harpreet S Wasan Peter C Trask Paul Bycott Alejandro D Ricart Sinil Kim Eric Van | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，3： | 4 |
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