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| 1 | Defining response to radiotherapy in rectal cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological scales显示文摘AIM To define good and poor regression using pathology and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) regression scales after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer.METHODS A systematic review was performed on all studies up to December 2015, without language restriction, t h a t w e r e i d e n t i f i e d f r o m M E D L I N E, C o c h r a n e Controlled Trials Register(1960-2015), and EMBASE(1991-2015). Searches were performed of article bibliographies and conference abstracts. MeS H and text words used included 'tumour regression', 'mr TRG', 'poor response' and 'colorectal cancers'. Clinical studies using either MRI or histopathological tumour regression grade(TRG) scales to define good and poor responders were included in relation to outcomes [local recurrence(LR), distant recurrence(DR), disease-free survival(DFS), and overall survival(OS)]. There was no age restriction or stage of cancer restriction for patient inclusion. Data were extracted by two authors working independently and using pre-defined outcome measures.RESULTS Quantitative data(prevalence) were extracted and analysed according to meta-analytical techniques using comprehensive meta-analysis. Qualitative data(LR, DR, DFS and OS) were presented as ranges. The overall proportion of poor responders after neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(CRT) was 37.7%(95%CI: 30.1-45.8). There were 19 different reported histopathological scales and one MRI regression scale(mrT RG). Clinical studies used nine and six histopathological scales for poor and good responders, respectively. All studies using MRI to define good and poor response used one scale. The most common histopathological definition for good response was the Mandard grades 1 and 2 or Dworak grades 3 and 4; Mandard 3, 4 and 5 and Dworak 0, 1 and 2 were used for poor response. For histopathological grades, the 5-year outcomes for poor responders were LR 3.4%-4.3%, DR 14.3%-20.3%, DFS 61.7%-68.1% and OS 60.7-69.1. Good pathological response 5-year outcomes were LR 0%-1.8%, DR 0%-11.6%, DFS 78.4%-86.7%, and OS 77.4%-88.2%. A poor response on MRI(mr TRG 4,5) resulted in 5-year LR 4%-29%, DR 9%, DFS 31%-59% and OS 27%-68%. The 5-year outcomes with a good response on MRI(mrT RG 1,2 and 3) were LR 1%-14%, DR 3%, DFS 64%-83% and OS 72%-90%.CONCLUSION For histopathology regression assessment, Mandard 1, 2/Dworak 3, 4 should be used for good response and Mandard 3, 4, 5/Dworak 0, 1, 2 for poor response. MRI indicates good and poor response by mr TRG1-3 and mrT RG4-5, respectively. | Muhammed RS Siddiqui Jemma Bhoday Nicholas J Battersby Manish Chand Nicholas P West Al-Mutaz Abulafi Paris P Tekkis Gina Brown | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，37： | 6 |
| 2 | Apoptosis of osteocytes in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the hip 显示文摘 | Weinstein RS Nicholas RW Manolagas SC | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，8： | 1 |
| 3 | Apoptosis of osteocytes in Glucocorticoid-Induced osteonecrosis of the hip显示文摘 | Weinstein RS Nicholas RW Manolagas SC | 2000 | Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，： | 1 |
| 4 | Apoptosis of osteocytes in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the hip显示文摘 | Weinstein RS Nicholas RW Manolagas SC | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，8： | 1 |
| 5 | Apoptosis of osteocytes in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the hip显示文摘 | Weinstein RS Nicholas RW | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 6 | Apoptosis of osteocytes in glucocorticoidinduced osteonecrosis of the hip显示文摘 | Weinstein RS Nicholas RW | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，8： | 1 |
| 7 | Apoptosis of osteocytes in glucocorticoidinduced osteonecrosis of the hip显示文摘 | Weinstein RS Nicholas RW | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Apoptosis of osteoeytes in glueoeortieoid-indueed osteoneerosis of the hip 显示文摘 | WEINSTEIN RS NICHOLAS RW MANOLAGAS SC | 2000 | J Clin Endoerinol Metab2000，85，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Apoptosis of osteocytes in glucooorticoid_induced osteonecrosis of the hip显示文摘 | Weinstein RS Nicholas RW | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-induced NF-kappaB p52 converts the metabolic effects of microglial-derived TNFalpha on mouse cerebellar neurones to neurotoxicity显示文摘 | Nicholas RS Compston A Brown DR | 2001 | J Neurochem2001，76，： | 1 |
| 11 | Apoptosis of osteocytes in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the hip显示文摘 | WEINSTEIN RS NICHOLAS RW MANOLAGAS SC | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Patient-related keloid sear assessment and outcome measures显示文摘 | Nicholas RS Falvey H Lemonas P | 2012 | Plast Reeonstr Surg2012，129，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Patient-related keloid scar assessment and outcome measures显示文摘 | Nicholas RS Falvey H Lemonas P | | 0，，648： | 1 |
| 14 | Lack of prion protein expression results in a neuronal phenotype sensitive to stress显示文摘 | Brown DR Nicholas RS Canevari L | 2002 | J Neurosci Res2002，67，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Nonactivated microglia promote oligodendrocyte precursor survival and maturation through the transcription factor NF-kappa B 显示文摘 | Nicholas RS Wing MG Compston A | 2001 | Eur J Neurosci2001，13，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Nonactivated microglia promote oligodendrocyte precursor survival and maturation through the transcription factor NF-κB显示文摘 | Nicholas RS Wing MG Compston A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Microglia-derived IGF-2 prevents TNF alpha induced death of mature oligodendrocytes in vitro显示文摘 | Nicholas RS Stevens S Wing MG | 2002 | Neuroimmunology2002，124，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Apoptosis of os-teocytes in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the hip显示文摘 | Weinstein RS Nicholas RW Manolagas SC | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Patient-relat- ed keloid scar assessment and outcome measures 显示文摘 | Nicholas RS Falvey H Lemonas P | 2012 | Plast Reconstr Surg2012，129，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Outcome predic- tors and complications in the management of intradural spinal tu- mours显示文摘 | Jenkinson MD Simpson C Nicholas RS | 2006 | Eur Spine J2006，15，2： | 1 |
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