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| 1 | Theorem of turbulent intensity and macroscopic mechanism of the turbulence development显示文摘Turbulence is one of the most common nature phenomena in everyday experience, but that is not adequately understood yet. This article reviews the history and present state of development of the turbulence theory and indicates the necessity to probe into the turbulent features and mechanism with the different methods at different levels. Therefore this article proves a theorem of turbulent transpor- tation and a theorem of turbulent intensity by using the theory of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and that the Reynolds turbulence and the Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence are united in the theorems of the turbulent intensity and the turbulent transportation. The macroscopic cause of the development of fluid turbulence is a result from shearing effect of the velocity together with the temperature, which is also the macroscopic cause of the stretch and fold of trajectory in the phase space of turbulent field. And it is proved by the observed data of atmosphere that the phenomenological coefficient of turbulent in- tensity is not only a function of the velocity shear but also a function of temperature shear, viz the sta- bility of temperature stratification, in the atmosphere. Accordingly, authenticity of the theorem, which is proved by the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, of turbulent intensity is testified by the facts of observational experiment. | HU YinQiao1,2, CHEN JinBei3,4 & ZUO HongChao2 1 Gansu Province Key laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engi- neering Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Beijing 100029, China 3 Atmospheric Science College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 4 Resource Environment Department, Lanzhou Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730060, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，5： | 5 |
| 2 | Comparative study on using carbon or nitrogen limited medium to culture white rot fungi for reactive brilliant red dye K-2BP decolotization under non-sterile conditions显示文摘In order to explore ways for the application of white rot fungus in dye effluent treatment under non-sterile conditions, experiment on decolorization of reactive brilliant red was carried out, employing nitrogen-limited and carbon-limited medium with C/N ratio of 56/2.2 and 28/44 (in mmol/L), respectively. The results showed that the decolorization rate reached 92% while culturing white rot fungus with ni- trogen-limited medium; however, the decolorization process ended in carbon-limited medium (n(C)/n(N) = 28/44) because of bacterial contamination. In addition, pH rose up to 9.31 after 4 d of decolorization, which was caused by bacterial contamination in the carbon-limited system. Therefore, it is concluded that nitrogen-limited medium can inhibit bacterial growth to some extent while carbon-limited medium is more easily contaminated by bacteria. Nitrogen-limited medium is more suitable in culture of white rot fungus for decolorization of reactive dye. Medium with the ability of inhibiting yeast growth should be developed by adjusting other components of nitrogen-limited medium. | GAO DaWen1,2, WEN XiangHua1 & QIAN Yi1 1 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environment Science and Engi- neering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2 School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China | 2007 | Science China Chemistry2007，50，5： | 4 |
| 3 | Atorvastatin Reduces the Ability of Clopidogrel to Inhibit Platelet Aggregation: A New Drug–Drug Interaction显示文摘 | Wei C. Lau Lucy A. Waskell Paul B. Watkins Charlene J. Neer Kevin Horowitz Amy S. Hopp Alan R. Tait David G.M. Carville Kirk E. Guyer Eric R. Bates | 2003 | Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association2003，，1： | 3 |
| 4 | The refined theory of transversely isotropic piezoelectric rectangular beams显示文摘The problem of deducing one-dimensional theory from two-dimensional theory for a transversely isotropic piezoelectric rectangular beam is investigated. Based on the piezoelasticity theory, the refined theory of piezoelectric beams is derived by using the general solution of transversely isotropic piezoelasticity and Lur'e method without ad hoc assumptions. Based on the refined theory of piezoelectric beams, the exact equations for the beams without transverse surface loadings are derived, which consist of two governing differential equations: the fourth-order equation and the transcendental equation. The approximate equations for the beams under transverse loadings are derived directly from the refined beam theory. As a special case, the governing differential equations for transversely isotropic elastic beams are obtained from the corresponding equations of piezoelectric beams. To illustrate the application of the beam theory developed, a uniformly loaded and simply supported piezoelectric beam is examined. | GAO Yang1 & WANG Minzhong2 1. College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China 2. State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems and Department of Mechanics and Engi- neering Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2006 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2006，49，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Four-segment classification of proximal humeral fractures: Purpose and reliable use显示文摘 | Charles S Neer | 2002 | Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery2002，，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Contribution of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A4 Metabolic Activity to the Phenomenon of Clopidogrel Resistance显示文摘 | Wei C. Lau Paul A. Gurbel Paul B. Watkins Charlene J. Neer Amy S. Hopp David G.M. Carville Kirk E. Guyer Alan R. Tait Eric R. Bates | 2004 | Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association2004，，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Displaced proximal humeral factures显示文摘 | Neer CS II | 1970 | J Bone Joint Surg(Am)1970，52，： | 1 |
| 8 | Displaced proximal humeral fractures, classification and evaluation 显示文摘 | Neer C S | 1970 | J Bone Joint Surg Am1970，52，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Supracondylar frac-ture of the adult femur:a study of one hundred and ten ca-ses显示文摘 | Neer CS 2nd Grantham SA Shelton ML | 1967 | J Bone Joint Surg Am1967，49，4： | 1 |
| 10 | G protein beta gamma subunits显示文摘 | CLAPHAM D E NEER E J | 1997 | Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol1997，37，： | 1 |
| 11 | Displaced proximal humeral fracture: Lassification and evluation显示文摘 | NEER C S | 1970 | J Bone Joint Surg1970，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Classification and evaluation显示文摘 | Neer CS | 1970 | J Bone Joint Sttrg(Am)1970，52，9： | 1 |
| 13 | An Analytical Nodel for the Forma- tion of Economic Clusters 显示文摘 | Ludwig Chincarini Neer Asherie | 2008 | Regional Science and Urban Economics2008，，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Supraspinatus outlet显示文摘 | Neer CS Poppan NK | 1987 | Orthop Trans1987，11，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Nonunion of the clavicle显示文摘 | NEER CS 2nd | 1960 | J Am Mad Assoc1960，172，： | 1 |
| 16 | 2nd Displaced proximal humeral fractures: classification and evaluation显示文摘 | Neer CS | 1970 | J Bone Joint Surg(Am)1970，52，： | 1 |
| 17 | Nuclear factor-kappaB is constitutively activated in primitive human acute myelogenous leukemia cells 显示文摘 | GUZMAN ML NEERING SJ UPCHURCH D | 2001 | Blood2001，98，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Supracondylar fracture of the adult femur:a study of one hundred and ten cases显示文摘 | Neer CS Grantham SA Shelton ML | 1967 | J Bone Joint Surg(AM)1967，49，： | 1 |
| 19 | Displaced Proximal humeral fracture classification and evaluation显示文摘 | Neer C S | 1970 | J Bone Joint Surg (Am)1970，52，： | 1 |
| 20 | Impingement lesions 显示文摘 | Neer CS III | 1983 | Clin Orthop1983，173，1： | 1 |
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