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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅷ.证据质量评价--间接性显示文摘直接证据来自直接比较我们关注的干预措施用于我们关注的患者人群,并测量患者重要结局的研究。间接证据可由以下4种方式之一产生。第一,患者可能与我们关注的患者不同(适用性一词常用于这类间接性)。第二,所检验的干预措施可能与我们关注的干预措施不同。有关患者和干预措施间接性的决策取决于对生物或社会因素差异是否大到可能使效应尺度出现预期的较大差异的考虑。第三,结果可能有别于最初设定的结局指标——如替代结果本身不重要,但测量之是基于替代结果的变化反映患者重要结局变化这一假设。第四类间接性在概念上与前三类不同,发生于临床医生必须在未经直接比较的两种干预措施间做出选择时。这种情况下比较治疗方案需要特定的统计方法,并根据患者人群、联合干预措施、结局测量指标及备选干预措施试验方法的差异程度,将证据级别降低1或2级。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Yngve Falck-Ytter Roman Jaeschke Gunn Vist Elie A.Akl Piet N Post Susan Norris Joerg Meerpohl Mona Nasser 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李鸿浩 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 30 |
| 2 | Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents显示文摘AIM:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEMS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary obstruction.METHODS:Multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEMS)or a 10 French PS.Palliative patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university centers.Primary endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 years.Survival analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive characteristics.RESULTS:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEMS group and 83patients were available for analyses.Time to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEMS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=0.006.Time to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEMS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of life.From an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were recruited.CONCLUSION:Partially covered SEMS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life. | Peter L Moses Khalid M AlNaamani Alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger D Mitty M Stanley Branch Thomas E Kowalski Myriam Martel Viviane Adam | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 6 |
| 3 | Variability of platelet aggregation in patients with clopidogrel treatment and hip fracture: A retrospective case-control study on 112 patients显示文摘AIM: To identify the rate of non-responders to clopidogrel treatment in hip fracture patients and study how non-responders differ from controls.METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study we included 28 cases of acute proximal femoral fracture with clopidogrel treatment 2011 to 2013. Eighty-four controls from the same time period were included. Data collected included response to clopidogrel measured with multiple electrode aggregometry(MEA), intraoperative bleeding, erythrocyte transfusion, time to surgery and the incidence of adverse events up to 3 mo after surgery. RESULTS: Eight(29%) of the 28 cases were nonresponders. The median intraoperative bleeding was 300 mL(range, 0-1500), and was lower for non-responders(50 m L) but did not reach statistical significance. Erythrocyte transfusions did not differ between responders, non-responders and controls. Forty-five(40%) of 112 patients had adverse events postoperatively but the rate did not differ between patients with and without clopidogrel treatment.CONCLUSION: Almost one-third of patients withclopidogrel treatment and an acute proximal femoral fracture are non-responders to antiplatelet therapy and can be operated without delay. | Anna Clareus Inga Fredriksson Hkan Wallén Max Gordon André Stark Olof Skldenberg | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，5： | 4 |
| 4 | Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Paul Y Kwo Eric J Lawitz Jonathan McCone Eugene R Schiff John M Vierling David Pound Mitchell N Davis Joseph S Galati Stuart C Gordon Natarajan Ravendhran Lorenzo Rossaro Frank H Anderson Ira M Jacobson Raymond Rubin Kenneth Koury Lisa D Pedicone Clifford | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9742： | 3 |
| 5 | Combination of corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates or corticosteroids alone for patients with moderate-severe active ulcerative colitis:A global survey of physicians'practice显示文摘AIM To examine treatment decisions of gastroenterologists regarding the choice of prescribing 5-aminosalycilates(5ASA) with corticosteroids(CS) versus corticosteroids alone for patients with active ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire exploring physicians' attitude toward 5ASA + CS combination therapy vs CS alone was developed and validated. The questionnaire was distributed to gastroenterology experts in twelve countries in five continents. Respondents' agreement with stated treatment choices were assessed by standardized Likert scale. Background professional characteristics of respondents were analyzed for correlation with responses. RESULTS Six hundred and sixty-four questionnaires were distributed and 349 received(52.6% response rate). Of 340 eligible respondents, 221(65%) would continue 5ASA in a patient hospitalized for intravenous CS treatment due to a moderate-severe UC flare, while 108(32%) would stop the 5ASA(P < 0.001), and 11(3%) are undecided. Similarly, 62% would continue 5ASA in an out-patient starting oral CS. However, only 140/340(41%) would proactively start 5ASA in a hospitalized patient not receiving 5ASA before admission. Most(94%) physicians consider the safety profile of 5ASA as very good. Only 52% consider them inexpensive, 35% perceive them to be expensive and 12% are undecided. On multi-variable analysis, less years of practice and perception of a plausible additive mechanistic effect of 5ASA + CS were positively associated with the decision to continue 5ASA with CS. CONCLUSION Despite the absence of data supporting its benefit, most gastroenterologists endorse combination of 5ASA + CS for patients with active moderate-to-severe UC. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess if 5ASA confer any benefit for these patients. | Shomron Ben-Horin Jane M Andrews Konstantinos H Katsanos Florian Rieder Flavio Steinwurz Konstantinos Karmiris Jae Hee Cheon Gordon William Moran Monica Cesarini Christian D Stone Doron Schwartz Marijana Protic Xavier Roblin Giulia Roda Min-Hu Chen Ofir Har-Noy Charles N Bernstein | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，16： | 3 |
| 6 | Sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C genotype-1 infection (ATOMIC): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Kris V Kowdley Eric Lawitz Israel Crespo Tarek Hassanein Mitchell N Davis Michael DeMicco David E Bernstein Nezam Afdhal John M Vierling Stuart C Gordon Jane K Anderson Robert H Hyland Hadas Dvory-Sobol Di An Robert G Hindes Efsevia Albanis William T Symo | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9883： | 3 |
| 7 | Lymphocytic esophagitis: Still an enigma a decade later显示文摘Lymphocytic esophagitis (LE) is a clinicopathologic entity first described by Rubio et al in 2006. It is defined as peripapillary intraepithelial lymphocytosis with spongiosis and few or no granulocytes on esophageal biopsy. This definition is not widely accepted and the number of lymphocytes needed to make the diagnosis varied in different studies. Multiple studies have described potential clinical associations and risk factors for LE, such as old age, female gender and smoking history. This entity was reported in inflammatory bowel disease in the pediatric population but not in adults. Other associations include gastroesophageal reflux disease and primary esophageal motility disorders. The most common symptom is dysphagia, with a normal appearing esophagus on endoscopy, though esophageal rings, webs, nodularities, furrows and strictures have been described. Multiple treatment modalities have been used such as proton pump inhibitors and topical steroids. Esophageal dilation seems to be therapeutic when dysphagia is present along with esophageal narrowing secondary to webs, rings or strictures. The natural history of the disease remains unclear and needs to be better delineated. Overall, lymphocytic esophagitis seems to have a chronic and benign course, except for two cases of esophageal perforation in the literature, thought to be secondary to this entity. | Carol Rouphael Ilyssa O Gordon Prashanthi N Thota | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Novel approach to nonlinear non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation显示文摘 | Gordon N J Salmond D J Smith A F M | 1993 | IEE Proceedings-F1993，140，2： | 2 |
| 9 | WONCA研究论文摘要汇编——初级保健服务中慢性疼痛的自我管理障碍:一项基于专题小组讨论的定性研究显示文摘背景自我管理是被推崇的慢性疼痛干预方法。有效地自我管理可以减少疼痛对患者日常生活的影响。临床指南指出初级保健服务有助于慢性疼痛患者的自我管理。目的分析初级保健专业人员、慢性疼痛患者及其照顾者对慢性疼痛自我管理的意见,在此基础上探究不利于应用和开展慢性疼痛自我管理的因素。设计与场所此项定性研究在苏格兰开展,研究对象为数个专题小组。方法共有18个小组参与专题讨论,包括54名慢性疼痛患者、9名慢性疼痛患者的照顾者以及38名初级保健专业人员。结果通过分析各小组的观点,得出4类不利于慢性疼痛自我管理的因素:(1)不和谐的医患沟通:部分患者认为自我管理慢性疼痛已经为时过晚或者不重要。医生和患者很难沟通,难以构建良好的医患关系;(2)患者体验:由于没有设身处地地考虑慢性疼痛对患者情绪的影响,使得患者常觉得初级保健专业人员对他们的治疗不积极;(3)有限的治疗方案:一些研究对象感觉治疗有过度医疗化的倾向;(4)机构的组织管理缺点:医生用于诊疗患者的时间短,患者候诊时间长,以及英国国家医疗服务体系实行的分级诊疗带来的看病困难问题。结论此项研究分析了应用与开展慢性疼痛自我管理所面临的挑战。如果自我管理是治疗慢性疼痛的一种重要方法,初级保健专业人员需要找到解决不利因素的方法,以使其顺利应用与开展。 | GORDON K RICE H ALLCOCK N 本刊编辑部 | 2017 | 中国全科医学2017，20，12： | 2 |
| 10 | In vivo evaluation of additively manufacturedmulti-layered scaffold for the repair of large osteochondral defects显示文摘The repair of osteochondral defects is one of the major clinical challenges in orthopaedics.Well-established osteochondral tissue engineering methods have shown promising results for the early treatment of small defects.However,less success has been achieved for the regeneration of large defects,which is mainly due to the mechanical environment of the joint and the heterogeneous nature of the tissue.In this study,we developed a multi-layered osteochondral scaffold to match the heterogeneous nature of osteochondral tissue by harnessing additive manufacturing technologies and combining the established art laser sintering and material extrusion techniques.The developed scaffold is based on a titanium and polylactic acid matrix-reinforced collagen“sandwich”composite system.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the scaffold were examined,and its safety and efficacy in the repair of large osteochondral defects were tested in an ovine condyle model.The 12-week in vivo evaluation period revealed extensive and significantly higher bone in-growth in the multi-layered scaffold compared with the collagen–HAp scaffold,and the achieved stable mechanical fixation provided strong support to the healing of the overlying cartilage,as demonstrated by hyaline-like cartilage formation.The histological examination showed that the regenerated cartilage in the multi-layer scaffold group was superior to that formed in the control group.Chondrogenic genes such as aggrecan and collagen-II were upregulated in the scaffold and were higher than those in the control group.The findings showed the safety and efficacy of the cell-free“translation-ready”osteochondral scaffold,which has the potential to be used in a one-step surgical procedure for the treatment of large osteochondral defects. | Maryam Tamaddon Gordon Blunn Rongwei Tan Pan Yang Xiaodan Sun Shen-Mao Chen Jiajun Luo Ziyu Liu Ling Wang Dichen Li Ricardo Donate Mario Monzón Chaozong Liu | 2022 | Bio-Design and Manufacturing2022，5，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Caloric restriction attenuates Aβ-deposition in Alzheimer transgenic models显示文摘 | PATEL N V GORDON M N CONNOR K E | 2005 | Neurobiol Aging2005，26，： | 1 |
| 12 | Novel Approach to Nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian State Estimation显示文摘 | Gordon N J Salmond D J Smith AFM | 1993 | lEE Proc Inst Elect Eng F1993，140，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Novel approach to non-finear/non-Gnussian Bayesian state estimation显示文摘 | N J Gordon D J Salmond A F M Smith | 1993 | IEE Proceedings-F1993，140，2： | 1 |
| 14 | A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking显示文摘 | Arulampalam M Maskell S Gordon N Clapp T | 2002 | IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing2002，50，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Factors associated with early presentation of acute stroke显示文摘 | Feldmann E Gordon N Brooks JM | 1993 | Stroke1993，24，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Deciphering the biology of My cobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence 显示文摘 | Cole S T Brosch R Parkhill J Gamier T Churcher C Harris D Gordon S V Eiglmeier K Gas S Barry C E Tekaia F Badcock K Basham D Brown D Chillingworth T Cormor R Davies R Devlin K FeltweU T Gentles S Hamlin N Holroyd S Hornsby T Jagels K Kroghs A McLean J Moule S Murphy L Oliver K Osborne J Quail M A Rafandream M A Rogers J Rutter S Seeger K Skelton J Squaraes R Squares S Sulston J E Taylo K Whitehead S Barrell B G | 1998 | Nature1998，393，： | 1 |
| 17 | Metabolic im-pact of shivering during therapeutic temperature modula-tion :the Bedside Shivering Assessment Scale 显示文摘 | Badjatia N Strongilis E Gordon E | 2008 | Stroke2008，39，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Dielectric properties and water mobility for heated mixtures of starch, milk protein, and water显示文摘 | TSOUBELI M N DAVIS E A GORDON J | 1995 | Ceral Chemistry1995，72，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Atutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking显示文摘 | Arulampalam M S Maskell S Gordon N | 2002 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing2002，50，2： | 1 |
| 20 | A Tutorial on Particle Filters for On-line Nonlinear/Non-Gaussian Bayesian Tracking 显示文摘 | S Maskell S Gordon N Clapp | 2002 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (S1053-587X)2002，50，2： | 1 |
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