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| 1 | Biochar for the removal of contaminants from soil and water:a review显示文摘Biochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics.This review aims to highlight biochar production technologies,characteristics of biochar,and the latest advancements in immobilizing and eliminating heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in soil and water.Pyrolysis temperature,heat transfer rate,residence time,and type of feedstock are critical influential parameters.Biochar’s efficacy in managing contaminants relies on the pore size distribution,surface groups,and ion-exchange capacity.The molecular composition and physical architecture of biochar may be crucial when practically applied to water and soil.In general,biochar produced at relatively high pyrolysis temperatures can effectively manage organic pollutants via increasing surface area,hydrophobicity and microporosity.Biochar generated at lower temperatures is deemed to be more suitable for removing polar organic and inorganic pollutants through oxygen-containing functional groups,precipitation and electrostatic attraction.This review also presents the existing obstacles and future research direction related to biochar-based materials in immobilizing organic contaminants and heavy metal ions in effluents and soil. | Muqing Qiu Lijie Liu Qian Ling Yawen Cai Shujun Yu Shuqin Wang Dong Fu Baowei Hu Xiangke Wang | 2022 | Biochar2022，4，1： | 2 |
| 2 | A combined virtual impactor and field-effect transistor microsystem for particulate matter separation and detection显示文摘Ambient suspended particulate matter(PM)(primarily with particle diameter 2.5m or less,i.e.,PM2.5)can adversely affect ecosystems and human health.Currently,optical particle sensors based on light scattering dominate the portable PM sensing market.However,the light scattering method has poor adaptability to different-sized PM and adverse environmental conditions.Here,we design and develop a portable PM sensing microsystem that consists of a micromachined virtual impactor(VI)for particle separation,a thermophoretic deposition chip for particle collection,and an extended-gate field-effect transistor(FET)for particle analysis.This system can realize on-site separation,collection,and analysis of aerosol particles without being influenced by environmental factors.In this study,the design of the VI is thoroughly analyzed by numerical simulation,and mixtures of different-sized silicon dioxide(SiO2)particles are used in an experimental verification of the performance of the VI and FET.Considering the low cost and compact design of the whole system,the proposed PM analysis microsystem has potential for PM detection under a wide range of conditions,such as heavily polluted industrial environments and for point-of-need outdoor and indoor air quality monitoring. | Yanna Li Muqing Fu Wei Pang Ye Chang Xuexin Duan | 2021 | Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering2021，4，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Development of a novel virus-like particle-based vaccine for preventing tick-borne encephalitis virus infection显示文摘Tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)is an important tick-borne pathogen that poses as a serious public health concern.The coverage and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines against TBEV are relatively low;therefore,it is crucial to develop novel and effective vaccines against TBEV.The present study describes a novel strategy for the assembly of virus-like particles(VLPs)by co-expressing the structural(core/prM/E)and non-structural(NS2B/NS3Pro)proteins of TBEV.The efficacy of the VLPs was subsequently evaluated in C57BL/6 mice,and the resultant IgG serum could neutralize both Far-Eastern and European subtypes of TBEV.These findings indicated that the VLP-based vaccine elicited the production of cross-subtype reactive antibodies.The VLPs provided protection to mice lacking the type I interferon receptor(IFNAR^(-/-))against lethal TBEV challenge,with undetectable viral load in brain and intestinal tissues.Furthermore,the group that received the VLP vaccine did not exhibit significant pathological changes and the inflammatory factors were significantly suppressed compared to the control group.Immunization with the VLP vaccine induced the production of multiple-cytokine-producing antiviral CD4+T cells in vivo,including TNF-α^(+),IL-2^(+),and IFN-γ^(+)T cells.Altogether,the findings suggest that noninfectious VLPs can serve as a potentially safe and effective vaccine candidate against diverse subtypes of TBEV. | Jielin Tang Muqing Fu Chonghui Xu Bao Xue Anqi Zhou Sijie Chen He Zhao Yuan Zhou Jizheng Chen Qi Yang Xinwen Chen | 2023 | Virologica Sinica2023，38，5： | 0 |
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