|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | The Genome of Dendrobium officinale Illuminates the Biology of the Important Traditional Chinese Orchid Herb显示文摘 | Liang Yan Xiao Wang Hui Liu Yang Tian Jinmin Lian Ruijuan Yang ShumeiHao Xuanjun Wang Shengchao Yang Qiye Li Shuai Qi Ling Kui Moses Okpekum Xiao Ma Jiajin Zhang Zhaoli Ding Guojie Zhang Wen Wang Yang Dong Jun Sheng | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，6： | 64 |
| 2 | Depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Jos,Nigeria显示文摘AIM: To study the brain-gut interaction and the effect of behavioral or psychiatric conditions on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in an African population. METHODS: IBS was diagnosed using the Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria. The entry of each patient was confirmed following detailed explanations of the questions. Four hundred and eighteen patients were studied. Subjects satisfying the Rome Ⅱ criteria for IBS were physically examined and stool microscopy was done to identify the presence of “alarm factors”. Depression was diagnosed using the symptom-check list adapted from the Research Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-Ⅳ) of the American Psychiatric Association. RESULTS: Seventy-five (56.8%) of the 132 IBS patients were depressed whereas only 54 (20.1%) of the 268 non-IBS patients were depressed. There was a significant relationship between IBS and depression (χ2 = 54.29, Odds ratio = 5.21, 56.8 ± 8.4 vs 20.1 ± 5.2, P = 0.001). Even though constipation predominant IBS patients were more likely to be depressed, no significant relationship was found between the subtype of IBS and depression (χ2 = 0.02, OR = 0.95, P = 0.68). CONCLUSION: IBS is significantly associated with major depression but not gender and bowel subtypes of the patients. Patients with IBS need to be evaluated for depression due to the highly significant relationship between the two conditions. | Nimzing G Ladep Taiwo J Obindo Moses D Audu Edith N Okeke Abraham O Malu | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，48： | 22 |
| 3 | Current role of fenofibrate in the prevention and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common health problem with a high mortality burden due to its liver- and vascular-specific complications. It is associated with obesity, high-fat diet as well as with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and metabolic syndrome(MetS).Impaired hepatic fatty acid(FA) turnover together with insulin resistance are key players in NAFLD pathogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs)are involved in lipid and glucose metabolic pathways.The novel concept is that the activation of the PPARαsubunit may protect from liver steatosis. Fenofibrate, by activating PPARα, effectively improves the atherogenic lipid profile associated with T2DM and MetS. Experimental evidence suggested various protective effects of the drug against liver steatosis. Namely, fenofibraterelated PPARα activation may enhance the expression of genes promoting hepatic FA β-oxidation. Furthermore, fenofibrate reduces hepatic insulin resistance. It also inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators involved in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis.These include tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Consequently, fenofibrate can limit hepatic macrophage infiltration. Other liver-protective effects include decreased oxidative stress and improved liver microvasculature function. Experimental studies showed that fenofibrate can limit liver steatosis associated with high-fat diet,T2DM and obesity-related insulin resistance. Few studies showed that these benefits are also relevant even in the clinical setting. However, these have certain limitations. Namely, these were uncontrolled, their sample size was small, fenofibrate was used as a part of multifactorial approach, while histological data were absent.In this context, there is a need for large prospective studies, including proper control groups and full assessment of liver histology. | Michael S Kostapanos Anastazia Kei Moses S Elisaf | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，9： | 16 |
| 4 | Hyponatremia in patients with heart failure显示文摘The present review analyses the mechanisms relating heart failure and hyponatremia,describes the association of hyponatremia with the progress of disease and morbidity/mortality in heart failure patients and presents treatment options focusing on the role of arginine vasopressin(AVP)-receptor antagonists.Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in the clinical setting and in hospitalized patients.Patients with hyponatremia may have neurologic symptoms since low sodium concentration produces brain edema,but the rapid correction of hyponatremia is also associated with major neurologic complications.Patients with heart failure often develop hyponatremia owing to the activation of many neurohormonal systems leading to decrease of sodium levels.A large number of clinical studies have associated hyponatremia with increased morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure or outpatients with chronic heart failure.Treatment options for hyponatremia in heart failure,such as water restriction or the use of hypertonic saline with loop diuretics,have limited efficacy.AVP-receptor antagonists increase sodium levels effectively and their use seems promising in patients with hyponatremia.However,the effects of AVP-receptor antagonists on hard outcomes in patients with heart failure and hyponatremia have not been thoroughly examined. | Theodosios D Filippatos Moses S Elisaf | 2013 | World Journal of Cardiology2013，5，9： | 13 |
| 5 | Diabetes mellitus and electrolyte disorders显示文摘Diabetic patients frequently develop a constellation of electrolyte disorders. These disturbances are particularly common in decompensated diabetics, especially in the context of diabetic ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. These patients are markedly potassium-, magnesium- and phosphatedepleted. Diabetes mellitus(DM) is linked to both hypo- and hyper-natremia reflecting the coexistence of hyperglycemia-related mechanisms, which tend to change serum sodium to opposite directions. The most important causal factor of chronic hyperkalemia in diabetic individuals is the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Impaired renal function, potassiumsparing drugs, hypertonicity and insulin deficiency are also involved in the development of hyperkalemia. This article provides an overview of the electrolyte disturbances occurring in DM and describes the underlying mechanisms. This insight should pave the way for pathophysiology-directed therapy, thus contributing to the avoidance of the several deleterious effects associated with electrolyte disorders and their treatment. | George Liamis Evangelos Liberopoulos Fotios Barkas Moses Elisaf | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，10： | 13 |
| 6 | CFD simulation of solid-liquid stirred tanks for low to dense solid loading systems显示文摘 | Divyamaan Wadnerkar Moses O. Tade Vishnu K. Pareek Ranjeet P. Utikar | 2016 | Particuology2016，14，6： | 12 |
| 7 | Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on renal function显示文摘Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)receptor agonists result in greater improvements in glycemic control than placebo and promote weight loss with minimal hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.A number of case reports show an association of GLP-1receptor agonists,mainly exenatide,with the development of acute kidney injury.The present review aims to present the available data regarding the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on renal function,their use in subjects with chronic renal failure and their possible association with acute kidney injury.Based on the current evidence,exenatide is eliminated by renal mechanisms and should not be given in patients with severe renal impairment or end stage renal disease.Liraglutide is not eliminated by renal or hepatic mechanisms,but it should be used with caution since there are only limited data in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.There is evidence from animal studies that GLP-1 receptor agonists exert protective role in diabetic nephropathy with mechanisms that seem to be independent of their glucose-lowering effect.Additionally,there is evidence that GLP-1 receptor agonists influence water and electrolyte balance.These effects may represent new ways to improve or even prevent diabetic nephropathy. | Theodosios D Filippatos Moses S Elisaf | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，5： | 9 |
| 8 | JUPITER and satellites:Clinical implications of the JUPITER study and its secondary analyses显示文摘The justification for the use of statins in prevention: an intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin(JUPITER) study was a real breakthrough in primary cardiovascular disease prevention with statins,since it was conducted in apparently healthy individuals with normal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C <130 mg/dL)and increased inflammatory state,reflected by a high concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP≥2 mg/L).These individuals would not have qualified for statin treatment according to current treatment guidelines.In JUPITER,rosuvastatin was associated with significant reductions in cardiovascular outcomes as well as in overall mortality compared with placebo.In this paper the most important secondary analyses of the JUPITER trial are discussed,by focusing on their novel findings regarding the role of statins in primary prevention.Also,the characteristics of otherwise healthy normocholesterolemic subjects who are anticipated to benefit more from statin treatment in the clinical setting are discussed.Subjects at'intermediate'or'high'10-year risk according to the Framingham score,those who exhibit low post-treatment levels of both LDL-C(< 70 mg/dL)and hs-CRP(<1 mg/L),who are 70 years of age or older,as well as those with moderate chronic kidney disease(estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min every 1.73 m2)are anticipated to benefit more from statin treatment.Unlikely other statin primary prevention trials,JUPITER added to our knowledge that statins may be effective drugs in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in normocholesterolemic individuals at moderate-to-high risk.Also,statin treatment may reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism and preserve renal function.An increase in physician-reported diabetes represents a major safety concern associated with the use of the most potent statins. | Michael S Kostapanos Moses S Elisaf | 2011 | World Journal of Cardiology2011，3，7： | 8 |
| 9 | 美国临床药学进展对中国未来临床药学发展的启示显示文摘1月8日上午,2010广东省药师周大会在广州东方宾馆隆重开幕,本次大会主题为'生命科学时代的药学探索'。来自全省200多家医疗单位、50多家医药企业的药学专业人员共300余人参加了此次会议,广东省药学会有关领导陆惠兴、朱家勇、黄民、涂瑶生、陶剑虹及各专业委员会主任委员出席了大会。全天的学术年会报告为我省的广大药学从业人员奉上了新年的第一次药学盛宴,选取其中两篇报告整理成文。 | Moses Sing Sum Chow | 2011 | 今日药学2011，21，1： | 8 |
| 10 | Antihypertensive drugs and glucose metabolism显示文摘Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of micro-and macrovascular disease.Moreover,increased blood pressure often coexists with additional cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance.As a result the need for a comprehensive management of hypertensive patients is critical.However,the various antihypertensive drug categories have different effects on glucose metabolism.Indeed,angiotensin receptor blockers as well as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been associated with beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis.Calcium channel blockers(CCBs)have an overall neutral effect on glucose metabolism.However,some members of the CCBs class such as azelnidipine and manidipine have been shown to have advantageous effects on glucose homeostasis.On the other hand,diuretics andβ-blockers have an overall disadvantageous effect on glucose metabolism.Of note,carvedilol as well as nebivolol seem to differentiate themselves from the rest of theβ-blockers class,being more attractive options regarding their effect on glucose homeostasis.The adverse effects of some blood pressure lowering drugs on glucose metabolism may,to an extent,compromise their cardiovascular protective role.As a result the effects on glucose homeostasis of the various blood pressure lowering drugs should be taken into account when selecting an antihypertensive treatment,especially in patients which are at high risk for developing diabetes. | Christos V Rizos Moses S Elisaf | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，7： | 7 |
| 11 | Environmental factors in the development and progression of late-onset Alzheimer's disease显示文摘Late-onset Alzheimer's disease(LOAD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of synapses and neurons, but its pathogenesis remains to be clarifi ed. Neurons live in an environment constituted by neurons themselves and glial cells. In this review, we propose that the neuronal degeneration in the AD brain is partially caused by diverse environmental factors. We fi rst discuss various environmental stresses and the corresponding responses at different levels. Then we propose some mechanisms underlying the specifi c pathological changes, in particular, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis dysfunction at the systemic level; cerebrovascular dysfunction, metal toxicity, glial activation, and Aβ toxicity at the intercellular level; and kinase–phosphatase imbalance and epigenetic modifi cation at the intracellular level. Finally, we discuss the possibility of developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of LOAD from the perspective of environmental stress. We conclude that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of LOAD through multiple pathological mechanisms. | Moses N. Wainaina Zhichun Chen Chunjiu Zhong | 2014 | Neuroscience Bulletin2014，30，2： | 6 |
| 12 | Effects of biochar amendment and nitrogen fertilization on soil microbial biomass pools in an Alfisol under rain-fed rice cultivation显示文摘Field studies were conducted over 2 years to determine the response of soil microbial biomass pool to biochar and N fertilizer combinations in a rain-fed rice cropping system.Biochar was applied at four doses:0 t ha^(−1),3 t ha^(−1),6 t ha^(−1) and 12 t ha^(−1) in combination with N fertilizer at four rates:0 kg ha^(−1),30 kg ha^(−1),60 kg ha^(−1) and 90 kg ha^(−1) to a Typic Paleustalf Alfisol.Soil samples from two depths(0-10 and 10-20 cm)were collected to determine microbial biomass C(MBC),N(MBN),P(MBP),MBC/N ratio,MBC/P ratio,soil CO_(2) flux,microbial qCO_(2),cultivable bacterial and fungal abundance.Biochar and N fertilizer combination effects on MBC,MBN and MBP pools were dependent on biochar doses,N fertilizer rates and soil depth.MBC/N and MBC/P ratios were decreased after 2 years.Soil CO_(2) flux was maximum at post-seeding stage of rice plant,while decreasing trends occurred at active tillering and harvest stage.Increasing doses of biochar irrespective of its combination with N fertilizer rates decreased CO_(2) flux and microbial qCO_(2).Combinations of biochar and N fertilizer increased fungal/bacterial ratio and induced a shift to a more fungal-dominated population after 2 years.Our results sug-gest that combination of biochar doses(3-12 t ha^(−1))with N fertilizer rates had stimulatory effects on microbial biomass pools and activity with positive implications for organic carbon accumulation,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)retention in tropical soils. | Segun Oladele Adebayo Adeyemo Ajoke Adegaiye Moses Awodun | 2019 | Biochar2019，1，2： | 6 |
| 13 | Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents显示文摘AIM:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEMS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary obstruction.METHODS:Multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEMS)or a 10 French PS.Palliative patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university centers.Primary endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 years.Survival analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive characteristics.RESULTS:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEMS group and 83patients were available for analyses.Time to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEMS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=0.006.Time to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEMS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of life.From an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were recruited.CONCLUSION:Partially covered SEMS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life. | Peter L Moses Khalid M AlNaamani Alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger D Mitty M Stanley Branch Thomas E Kowalski Myriam Martel Viviane Adam | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 6 |
| 14 | Fe-Ni/TiO_2纳米管阵列电极的制备、表征及光电催化还原五氯酚活性显示文摘采用阳极氧化法和浸渍电沉积联用法制备了不同负载量的Fe-Ni/TiO2纳米管阵列电极.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测量等手段对样品的微观形貌、晶体结构和光电响应等特性进行分析.考察了在0.6 V偏压下,所制备的电极对五氯酚的光电催化还原性能.结果表明,适量的Fe和Ni纳米颗粒的负载,降低了TiO2纳米管阵列光生电子-空穴对的复合几率;浸渍电沉积5次的Fe-Ni/TiO2纳米管阵列电极光电催化还原降解五氯酚的效率为91.35%,明显高于TiO2纳米管阵列电极. | 谭敬 李新勇 Moses Tade 刘少敏 | 2012 | 高等学校化学学报2012，33，12： | 6 |
| 15 | Albuminuria as a marker of arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease patients显示文摘AIM:To access the association between albuminuria levels and arterial stiffness in non-diabetic patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease(CKD) stages 1-2,treated with renin angiotensin blockade agents plus other hypertensive drugs when needed.METHODS:One hundred fifteen patients [median age 52 years(68% males)] were consequently enrolled in the study.For each patient,we recorded gender,age,body mass index(BMI),peripheral systolic blood pressure(p SBP),peripheral diastolic blood pressure,peripheral pulse pressure,central systolic blood pressure(c SBP),central diastolic blood pressure(c DBP),central pulse pressure(c PP),hematocrit,hemoglobin,hs CRP,total cholesterol triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein-C,low-density lipoprotein-C,calcium,phosphorus,parathormone,and albumin,as well as 24 h urine albumin excretion.According to 24-h urine albumin collection,patients were then classified as those with moderately increased albuminuria(formerly called macroalbuminuria)(≤ 300 mg/d) and those with severely increased albuminuria(formerly called macroaluminuria(> 300 mg/d).We considered aortic stiffness(AS) indices [carotid femoral pulse wave velocity(PWVc-f) and augmentation index(AIx)] as primary outcomes ofthe study.We explored potential correlations between severely increased albuminuria and AS indices using a multiple linear regression model.RESULTS:Fifty-eight patients were included in the moderately increased albuminuria group and 57 in the severely increased albuminuria.Blood pressure measurements of the study population were 138 ± 14/82 ± 1.3 mm Hg(systolic/diastolic).There were no significant differences in age,sex,and BP measurements between the two groups.Patients with severely increased albuminuria had higher PWV and AIx than patients with moderately increased albuminuria(P < 0.02,P < 0.004,respectively).In addition these patients exhibited higher BMI(P < 0.03),hs CRP(P < 0.001),and fibrinogen levels(P < 0.02) compared to patients with moderately increased albuminuria.In multivariate linear regression analysis,severely increased albuminuria(β = 1.038,P < 0.010) p SBP(β = 0.028,P < 0.034) and Ht(β = 0.171,P = 0.001) remained independent determinants of the increased PWVc-f.Similarly,severely increased albuminuria(β = 4.385,P < 0.012),c SBP(β = 0.242,P < 0.001),c PP(β = 0.147,P < 0.01) and Ht levels(β = 0.591,P < 0.013) remained independent determinants of increased AIx.CONCLUSION:These findings demonstrate an independent association between AS indices and severely increased albuminuria in non-diabetic,hypertensive patients with CKD stages 1-2 treated with renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockers. | Rigas G Kalaitzidis Despina P Karasavvidou Athina Tatsioni Kosmas Pappas Giorgos Katatsis Angelos Liontos Moses S Elisaf | 2015 | World Journal of Nephrology2015，4，3： | 5 |
| 16 | Suitability mapping for rice cultivation in Benue State,Nigeria using satellite data Fanan Ujoh显示文摘With rising population,decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts,the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State,a largely agrarian and small-holder setting.This study attempts a local-level support for the actualisation of Sustainable Development Goal Number 2(“end hunger,achieve food security and improved nutrition,and promote sustainable agriculture”)by 2030.Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making(MCDM)method,remote sensing data from Climate Research Unit(CRU)and in-situ data from Nigeria Meteorological Agency(NIMET)were analyzed by GIS techniques to map the suitability of rice cultivation in the study area,with the integration of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),land cover,slope,temperature,precipitation and soil parameters(cation exchange capacity,pH,bulk density,organic carbon).We apply the various statistical parameters that include mean spatial NDVI;correlation coefficient,standard deviation and Root Mean Square(RMS)between CRU and NIMET data.Spatial regression trend analysis is conducted between CRU precipitation and NDVI and between CRU temperature and NDVI from 1985 to 2015.The results reveal that NDVI in highly suitable rice planting regions is higher than marginally suitable regions except in the months of October and November,which shows that the highly suitable regions will yield better than the marginally suitable regions during the dry season.Additionally,NDVI is seasonally bimodal in response to precipitation,meaning that vegetation vigor is more dependent on precipitation than temperature.Finally,the correlation coefficient,standard deviation and RMS between CRU and NIMET precipitation data shows 0.42,108,and 110,respectively,while these three factors between CRU and NIMET temperature data shows 0.88,1.60,and 0.86,respectively.In conclusion,the MCDM approach reveals that upland is more suitable for rice cultivation in Benue State when comparing with the area provided by the Global Land Cover and National Mappings Organization(GLCNMO)data. | Fanan Ujoh Tertsea Igbawua Moses Ogidi Paul | 2019 | Geo-Spatial Information Science2019，22，4： | 5 |
| 17 | Proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia: A new challenge显示文摘Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are commonly used in clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer,gastritis,esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux.Hypomagnesemia has recently been recognized as a side effect of PPIs.Low magnesium levels may cause symptoms from several systems,some of which being potentially serious,such as tetany,seizures and arrhythmias.It seems that PPIs affect the gastrointestinal absorption of magnesium.Clinicians should be vigilant in order to timely consider and prevent or reverse hypomagnesemia in patients who take PPIs,especially if they are prone to this electrolyte disorder. | Matilda Florentin Moses S Elisaf | 2012 | World Journal of Nephrology2012，1，6： | 5 |
| 18 | Attainment of multifactorial treatment targets among the elderly in a lipid clinic显示文摘ObjectiveTo 检验目标成就类脂化合物阴沉, antihypertensive 和 antidiabetic 治疗在在在 Greece.MethodsThis 的一所大学医院的一个专家背景老是包括连续题目 ≥ 的回顾的研究;65 岁(n = 465 ) 与后续 ≥3 年。低密度的脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL-C ),血压( BP )和 glycated 血红素( HbA1c )目标成就根据心病学/欧洲人动脉粥样硬化社会( ESC/EAS )的欧洲社会被记录,为糖尿病( EASD ) guidelines.ResultsThe LDL-C 目标的学习的高血压( ESH ) /ESC 和欧洲协会的欧洲社会被27%很高、高、中等的风险病人,48%和62%分别地达到。更高完成的那些收到的 statin + ezetimibe 与那些收到的 statin monotherapy 相比 LDL-C 目标成就评价(48% 对 33% , P <0.05 ) 。糖尿病的题目, 71% 有 BP <140/85 mmHg,当没有糖尿病, 78% 那些有 BP < 时;140/90 mmHg。非糖尿病的个人(86%) 的一个更高的比例有 BP <150/90 mmHg。另外,有糖尿病的那些的一个更高的比例有 HbA1c <8% 而非 <7%(88% 和 47% ,分别地) 。笔记,从三个非糖尿病的个人的几乎一个和从十个糖尿病的个人的一个在一所大学医院,在非最优的 LDL-C 的老遗体的一个高比例, BP 和 HbA1c 层次的一个专家背景完成了所有三治疗 targets.ConclusionsEven。药联合的使用能改进 multifactorial 治疗目标成就,当不太严格的目标能更容易在这张人口被完成时。 | Fotios Barkas Evangelos Liberopoulos Eleftherios Klouras Angelos Liontos Moses Elisaf | 2015 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2015，12，3： | 5 |
| 19 | Drought Adaptation and Coping Strategies Among the Turkana Pastoralists of Northern Kenya显示文摘This study highlights drought characteristics and the many responses to drought stresses employed by Turkana pastoralists of northwestern Kenya. Multiple data sources, including socioeconomic interviews with 302 households, focus group discussions, and informal interviews with pastoralists were used to capture various aspects of drought and drought adaptation and coping practices.Standardized precipitation index derived from long-term rainfall data obtained from the Kenya Meteorological Service was used to quantify different degrees of drought intensity between 1950 and 2012. Results revealed that extreme drought events were increasingly frequent, and have impacted negatively on pastoral livelihoods. In order to adapt to or cope with climatic anomalies, households are using a variety of strategies. In addition to the traditional short-term coping mechanisms, the long-term adaptation strategies used include diversification of livelihood sources; livestock mobility to track forage and water resources;diversification of herd composition to benefit from the varied drought and disease tolerance, as well as fecundity of diverse livestock species; and sending children to school for formal education as a long term investment expected to pay back through income from employment. Policies anddevelopment interventions that reduce risks, diminish livelihood constraints, and expand opportunities for increased household resilience to drought are critical complements to the existing pastoral strategies. | Francis Opiyo Oliver Wasonga Moses Nyangito Janpeter Schilling Richard Munang | 2015 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2015，6，3： | 5 |
| 20 | Comparison of two remote sensing models for estimating evapotranspiration: algorithm evaluation and application in seasonally arid ecosystems in South Africa显示文摘Remote sensing tools are becoming increasingly important for providing spatial information on water use by different ecosystems. Despite significant advances in remote sensing based evapotranspiration(ET) models in recent years, important information gaps still exist on the accuracy of the models particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. In this study, we evaluated the Penman-Monteith based MOD16 and the modified Priestley-Taylor(PT-JPL) models at the daily time step against three measured ET datasets. We used data from two summer and one winter rainfall sites in South Africa. One site was dominated by native broad leaf and the other by fine leafed deciduous savanna tree species and C4 grasses. The third site was in the winter rainfall Cape region and had shrubby fynbos vegetation. Actual ET was measured using open-path eddy covariance systems at the summer rainfall sites while a surface energy balance system utilizing the large aperture boundary layer scintillometer was used in the Cape. Model performance varied between sites and between years with the worst estimates(R2<0.50 and RMSE>0.80 mm/d) observed during years with prolonged mid-summer dry spells in the summer rainfall areas. Sensitivity tests on MOD16 showed that the leaf area index, surface conductance and radiation budget parameters had the largest effect on simulated ET. MOD16 ET predictions were improved by:(1) reformulating the emissivity expressions in the net radiation equation;(2) incorporating representative surface conductance values;and(3) including a soil moisture stress function in the transpiration sub-model. Implementing these changes increased the accuracy of MOD16 daily ET predictions at all sites. However, similar adjustments to the PT-JPL model yielded minimal improvements. We conclude that the MOD16 ET model has the potential to accurately predict water use in arid environments provided soil water stress and accurate biome-specific parameters are incorporated. | Sebinasi DZIKITI Nebo Z JOVANOVIC Richard DH BUGAN Abel RAMOELO Nobuhle P MAJOZI Alecia NICKLESS Moses A CHO David C LE MAITRE Zanele NTSHIDI Harrison H PIENAAR | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，4： | 4 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员