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| 1 | Non-timber forest products and their contribution to households income around Falgore Game Reserve in Kano, Nigeria显示文摘Introduction:In the recent decades,there has been growing interest in the contribution of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)to livelihoods,development,and poverty alleviation among the rural populace.This has been prompted by the fact that communities living adjacent to forest reserves rely to a great extent on the NTFPs for their livelihoods,and therefore any effort to conserve such resources should as a prerequisite understand how the host communities interact with them.Methods:Multistage sampling technique was used for the study.A representative sample of 400 households was used to explore the utilization of NTFPs and their contribution to households’income in communities proximate to Falgore Game Reserve(FGR)in Kano State,Nigeria.Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and summarize the data collected.Results:The findings reveal that communities proximate to FGR mostly rely on the reserve for firewood,medicinal herbs,fodder,and fruit nuts for household use and sales.Income from NTFPs accounts for 20–60%of the total income of most(68%)of the sampled households.The utilization of NTFPs was significantly influenced by age,sex,household size,main occupation,distance to forest and market.Conclusions:The findings suggest that NTFPs play an important role in supporting livelihoods,and therefore provide an important safety net for households throughout the year particularly during periods of hardship occasioned by drought.It is suggested that stakeholders should prioritize technical and financial support programs on agricultural value addition and handcrafts that would promote off-farm income generating activities,in addition,provision of alternative domestic cooking energy such as biogas in communities proximate to FGR in order to reduce pressure relating to fuelwood gathering from the forest,this will help to improve forest resources quality. | Muhammad Sabiu Suleiman Vivian Oliver Wasonga Judith Syombua Mbau Aminu Suleiman Yazan Ahmed Elhadi | 2017 | Ecological Processes2017，6，1： | 5 |
| 2 | Drought Adaptation and Coping Strategies Among the Turkana Pastoralists of Northern Kenya显示文摘This study highlights drought characteristics and the many responses to drought stresses employed by Turkana pastoralists of northwestern Kenya. Multiple data sources, including socioeconomic interviews with 302 households, focus group discussions, and informal interviews with pastoralists were used to capture various aspects of drought and drought adaptation and coping practices.Standardized precipitation index derived from long-term rainfall data obtained from the Kenya Meteorological Service was used to quantify different degrees of drought intensity between 1950 and 2012. Results revealed that extreme drought events were increasingly frequent, and have impacted negatively on pastoral livelihoods. In order to adapt to or cope with climatic anomalies, households are using a variety of strategies. In addition to the traditional short-term coping mechanisms, the long-term adaptation strategies used include diversification of livelihood sources; livestock mobility to track forage and water resources;diversification of herd composition to benefit from the varied drought and disease tolerance, as well as fecundity of diverse livestock species; and sending children to school for formal education as a long term investment expected to pay back through income from employment. Policies anddevelopment interventions that reduce risks, diminish livelihood constraints, and expand opportunities for increased household resilience to drought are critical complements to the existing pastoral strategies. | Francis Opiyo Oliver Wasonga Moses Nyangito Janpeter Schilling Richard Munang | 2015 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2015，6，3： | 5 |
| 3 | Impacts of long-term land-use changes on herd size and mobility among pastoral households in Amboseli ecosystem,Kenya显示文摘Introduction:Long-term changes in rangeland ecosystems of the world have impacted on the livestock production,a key livelihood strategy in these areas.This paper presents perceptions of the pastoral community on the dynamics of pastoral livelihoods under three land-use types namely nomadic,semi-nomadic,and sedentary in Amboseli ecosystem located in southern Kenya.Structured questionnaire was used to collect data concerning household livestock herds,perceived livestock trends and their causes,importance of migration,sedentarization,and land subdivision,and were administered to respondents randomly selected from the three land-use types.Results:The study shows that the livestock herd size was higher in nomadic(117.1)and lower in sedentary(56.6)land-use site.The majority of the respondents in nomadic(79%),semi-nomadic(73%),and sedentary(64%)reported a declining trend in household herd size.The declines were mostly attributed to recurrent droughts and loss of grazing lands.Conclusions:Pastoralism remains an important livelihood strategy to majority of households in the study area;therefore,to achieve sustainable livelihood strategies,grazing lands should be maintained. | Kennedy Sakimba Kimiti David Western Judith Syombua Mbau Oliver Vivian Wasonga | 2018 | Ecological Processes2018，7，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Spatial and temporal analysis of forest cover change in Falgore Game Reserve in Kano, Nigeria显示文摘Introduction:Multi-temporal land-use and land-cover data provides a historical vehicle for determining and evaluating long-term trends in bio-physical landscapes.Land-use and land-cover assessment and mapping is one of the most useful applications of geographic information system(GIS)for planning,management,and development.This study analyses the spatio-temporal pattern of forest cover dynamics for three decades in Falgore Game Reserve in Kano,Nigeria.The dynamics of forest cover transition during 1985–2015 was analysed using multi-temporal Landsat imagery.Results:The spatio-temporal analysis shows that moderate woodland dominated in 1985(46%)and 2005(57%)but was replaced by open woodland in 2015 which accounts for 58%of the total area of Falgore Game Reserve(FGR)currently.Dense woodland occupied the least area of the total forest estate that varied between 17%in 1985 and 1%in 2015.The results indicate that dense woodland,moderate woodland,and very open woodland were decreased at annual average rate of 3,1,and 0.4%.Open woodland had expanded from 21,127 ha in 1985 to 53,392 ha in 2015.The main drivers of forest resource degradation in the area were found to be excessive fuelwood collection,overgrazing,agricultural expansion,and forest fire.Conclusions:These findings suggest that protection strategies employed in FGR were not effective as deforestation is still evident in the reserve.Government and environmental based NGOs should therefore prioritize effective and efficient conservation strategy for present and future use of forest resources,in addition to the provision of alternative livelihood sources to communities proximate to the reserve.This will ensure the socio-economic well-being of the locals and sustainable conservation of biological diversity in the area. | Muhammad Sabiu Suleiman Oliver Vivian Wasonga Judith Syombua Mbau Yazan Ahmed Elhadi | 2017 | Ecological Processes2017，6，1： | 0 |
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