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| 1 | Terlipressin and hepatorenal syndrome: What is important for nephrologists and hepatologists显示文摘Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a reversible form of functional renal failure that occurs with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and liver failure. Despite mounting research in HRS, its etiology and medical therapy has not been resolved. HRS encompasses 2 distinct types. Type 1 is characterized by the rapid development of renal failure that occurs within 2 wk and involves a doubling of initial serum creatinine. Type 2 has a more insidious onset and is often associated with ascites. Animal studies have shown that both forms, in particular type 1 HRS, are often precipitated by bacterial infections and cir-culatory changes. The prognosis for HRS remains very poor. Type 1 and 2 both have an expected survival time of 2 wk and 6 mo, respectively. Progression of liver cir-rhosis and the resultant portal hypertension leads to the pooling of blood in the splanchnic vascular bed. The ensuing hyperdynamic circulation causes an ineffective circulatory volume which subsequently activates neuro-hormonal systems. Primarily the sympathetic nervoussystem and the renin angiotensin system are activated, which, in the early stages of HRS, maintain adequate circulation. Both advanced cirrhosis and prolonged ac-tivation of neurohormonal mechanisms result in fatal complications. Locally produced nitric oxide may have the potential to induce a deleterious vasodilatory effect on the splanchnic circulation. Currently medical therapy is aimed at reducing splanchnic vasodilation to resolve the ineffective circulation and maintain good renal per-fusion pressure. Terlipressin, a vasopressin analogue, has shown potential benefit in the treatment of HRS. It prolongs both survival time and has the ability to re-verse HRS in the majority of patients. In this review we aim to focus on the pathogenesis of HRS and its treatment with terlipressin vs other drugs. | Ahmed A Magan Atif A Khalil Mohamed H Ahmed | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，41： | 11 |
| 2 | Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013显示文摘Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-Co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-Co V at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses(ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038(11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49(44%) were male and 35(31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two(38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28(25%) rhinovirus, 5(4%) influenza A, 2(2%) adenovirus, 2(2%) human coronavirus OC43/229 E, 2(2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1(1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2(2%) dual infections. No MERS-Co V was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings. | Osamah Barasheed Harunor Rashid Mohammad Alfelali Mohamed Tashani Mohammad Azeem Hamid Bokhary Nadeen Kalantan Jamil Samkari Leon Heron Jen Kok Janette Taylor Haitham El Bashir Ziad A.Memish Elizabeth Haworth Edward C.Holmes Dominic E Dwyer Atif Asghar Robert Booy | 2014 | Virologica Sinica2014，29，6： | 3 |
| 3 | Ricotta cheese from whey protein concentrate显示文摘 | MOHAMED E S ATIF F AHMED Z | 2010 | Journal of American Science2010，37，1： | 1 |
| 4 | COVID-19 in a liver transplant recipient:Could iatrogenic immunosuppression have prevented severe pneumonia?A case report显示文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease(COVID)is a new and highly contagious infectious disease caused by the coronavirus(COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2).There is limited data regarding the incidence and management of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients’post-transplantation.In the pre-COVID-19 era,these patients were already at an increased risk of developing opportunistic infections.These often manifested with atypical symptoms.CASE SUMMARY We report another case of uneventful COVID-19 pneumonia in a 58-year old male who was 18 mo’post liver transplantation.He received tacrolimus monotherapy since July 2019.The clinical manifestations included only epigastric pain radiating to the right hypochondrium,nausea and vomiting.He had no fevers,cough,shortness of breath,anosmia or dysgeusia even if the chest computed tomography scan revealed an extension of the multiple patchy ground-glass density shadows to the upper lobe of the left lung too.He was hospitalised and received a course of oral chloroquine(200 mg×3 per day)for a period of 10 d.Interestingly,the COVID 19 infection was uneventful though there were no modifications to his tacrolimus dosing.He was successfully discharged.We performed subsequent follow-up via telemedicine.CONCLUSION In light of the current pandemic,it is even more important to identify how the liver recipient’s patients present and are managed,especially for immunosuppression treatment. | Anna Sessa Alessandra Mazzola Chetana Lim Mohammed Atif Juliana Pappatella Valerie Pourcher Olivier Scatton Filomena Conti | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，44： | 1 |
| 5 | How does epidemiological and clinicopathological features affect survival after gastrectomy for gastric cancer patientssingle Egyptian center experience显示文摘AIM:To investigate the clinicopathological features and the significance of different prognostic factors which predict surgical overall survival in patients with gastric carcinoma.METHODS:This retrospective study includes 80 patients diagnosed and treated at gastroenterology surgical center,Mansoura University,Egypt between February 2009 to February 2013.Prognostic factors were assessed by cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:There were 57 male and 23 female.The median age was 57 years(24-83).One,3 and 5 years survival rates were 71%,69% and 46% respectively.The median survival was 69.96 mo.During the follow-up period,13 patients died(16%).Hospital morbidity was reported in 10 patients(12.5%).The median number of lymph nodes removed was 22(4-41).Lymph node(LN) involvement was found in 91% of cases.After R0 resection,depth of wall invasion,LN involvement and the number(> 15) of retrieved LN,LN ratio and tumor differentiation predict survival.In multivariable analysis,tumor differentiation,curability of resection and a number of resected LN superior to 15 were found to beindependent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION:Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment.Tumor differentiation,curability of resection and a number of resected LN superior to 15 were found to be independent prognostic factors.Extended LN dissection does not increase the morbidity or mortality rate but markedly improves long term survival. | Ehab El Hanafy Ayman El Nakeeb Helmy Ezzat Emad Hamdy Ehab Atif Tharwat Kandil Amgad Fouad Mohamed Abdel Wahab Ahmed Monier | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，6： | 0 |
| 6 | Coronavirus disease 2019 and renal transplantation显示文摘Ever since the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus causing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)struck the world,global health strategies have changed significantly.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,kidney transplant recipients are stratified as being high risk of developing fatal illness from COVID-19 infection.Kidney transplant is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage kidney disease subjects.During the pandemic,significant concerns have emerged regarding continuation of kidney transplant surgeries and management of kidney transplant recipients post-transplant.The added risk of immunosuppression in this cohort was and remains a theoretical concern,posing a potential risk of transplantation rather than benefit.This comprehensive review aims to cover most of the faced challenges in kidney transplantation in different stages of the pandemic.In addition,it will elucidate the epidemiology,nature,course of the disease,surgical consideration in donors and recipients as well as role of immunosuppression and management of COVID-19 infected kidney transplant recipients during these extraordinary circumstances. | Mahmoud Nassar Nso Nso Jonathan Ariyaratnam Jasmine Sandhu Mahmoud Mohamed Bahaaeldin Baraka Atif Ibrahim Mostafa Alfishawy David Zheng Harangad Bhangoo Karim M Soliman Matthew Li Vincent Rizzo Ahmed Daoud | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2021，9，27： | 0 |
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