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| 1 | 重症监护与非重症监护患者的压力性损伤患病率:全州范围的比较显示文摘背景:医院获得性压力性损伤(HAPI)与患病率和病死率的增加有关,被认为在很大程度上是可以预防的。压力性损伤的患病率被视为反映卫生保健质量的一项指标。目的:在全州范围内,比较重症监护室(ICU)患者和非ICU患者的压力性损伤的患病率、严重程度和发生部位。方法 :本研究采用二次数据分析设计,从昆士兰州所有拥有Ⅰ-Ⅲ级重症监护室,并参与了2012-2014年昆士兰床旁审计的卫生医院,提取和分析去识别化处理的压力性损伤数据。样本涵盖所有成人ICU患者和非ICU患者,患者均同意参与昆士兰床旁审计。精神卫生单位除外。结果 :除压力性损伤Ⅰ期外,2012-2014年间,ICU患者HAPI的总患病率为11%,非ICU患者为3%;住院期间,ICU患者发展为压力性损伤的可能性是非ICU患者的3.8倍(RR的95%可信区间为2.7~5.4)。对所有患者来说,骶骨/尾骨都是HAPI最常见的部位(ICU患者为22%,非ICU患者为35%)。然而,ICU患者黏膜压力性损伤的比例(22%)显著高于非ICU患者(2%)。压力性损伤Ⅱ期是HAPI患病率最高的阶段,ICU患者为53%,非ICU患者为63%。 | Fiona Coyer Sandra Miles Sandra Gosley Paul Fulbrook Kirstine Sketcher-Baker Jane-Louise Cook Jacqueline Whitmore | 2017 | 中国护理管理2017，17，9： | 17 |
| 2 | A review of friction stir welding of steels: Tool, material flow, microstructure, and properties显示文摘Considerable progress has been achieved in friction stir welding(FSW) of steels in every aspect of tool fabrication, microstructure control and properties evaluation in the past two decades. With the development of reliable welding tools and precise control systems, FSW of steels has reached a new level of technical maturity. High-quality, long welds can be produced in many engineering steels. Compared to traditional fusion welding, FSW exhibits unique advantages producing joints with better properties. As a result of active control of the welding temperature and/or cooling rate, FSW has the capability of fabricating steel joints with excellent toughness and strength. For example, unfavorable phase transformations that usually occur during traditional welding can be avoided and favorable phase fractions in advanced steels can be maintained in the weld zone thus avoiding the typical property degradations associated with fusion welding. If phase transformations do occur during FSW of thick steels, optimization of microstructure and properties can be attained by controlling the heat input and post-weld cooling rate. | F.C. Liu Y. Hovanski M.P. Miles C.D. Sorensen T.W. Nelson | 2018 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2018，34，1： | 16 |
| 3 | Traveling Wave Based Single-Phase-to-Ground Protection Method for Power Distribution System显示文摘Correct detection and identification of single-phase to-ground faults not effectively grounded in distribution systems is a major challenge for protection engineers.This paper proposes a novel traveling wave based protection method to solve this problem.The proposed method compares the polarities of current and voltage traveling waves measured immediately after the fault inception to determine the fault direction.Nuisance tripping is avoided by using the power frequency voltages detected on the busbar to inhibit operation.The power frequency voltages ensure that the system does not mal-operate due to noise and also provide discrimination for phase-to-phase and three-phase faults.The wavelet transform and modulus maxima theories are used to extract the polarity of traveling waves measured at the relaying point.The simulation studies demonstrate correct operation of protection,which is independent of fault distance,fault inception angle,fault path resistance,and the method used for neutral grounding. | Xinzhou Dong Jun Wang Shenxing Shi Bin Wang Bak Dominik Miles Redfern | 2015 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2015，1，2： | 15 |
| 4 | A Host KH RNA-Binding Protein Is a Susceptibility Factor Targeted by an RXLR Effector to Promote Late Blight Disease显示文摘植物病原体交付改变主人过程创造对殖民导致的环境的受动器蛋白质。注意集中了于识别受动器的目标并且他们的操作怎么便于疾病。从土豆老家病原体 Phytophthora infestans 的 RXLR 受动器 Pi04089 在主人原子核积累并且当短暂地在 planta 表示了时,提高殖民。它的原子本地化为提高的 P.infestans 殖民被要求。Pi04089 与通常认为的土豆 K 相同(KH ) 在酵母并且在 planta 交往 RNA 有约束力的蛋白质, StKRBP1。Pi04089 和 StKRBP1 的合作本地化,和在他们之间的双分子的荧光互补,显示他们在原子点缀联系。当它与 Pi04089 被共同表示时, StKRBP1 蛋白质层次增加了。确实, StKRBP1 的如此的累积被病原体在叶殖民的第一天也观察。显著地, StKRBP1 的 overexpression 显著地提高 P.infestans 感染。当与受动器共同表示时,到在 StKRBP1 的所有三个 KH 领域的 GDDG 的核苷酸绑定主题 GxxG 的变化与 Pi04089,它到原子点缀的本地化,和它的增加的累积废除它的相互作用。而且,变异的 StKRBP1 蛋白质不再由 P.infestans 提高叶殖民,暗示那核苷酸绑定多半为这项活动被要求。我们因此主张 StKRBP1 能被认为是一个危险性因素,因为它的活动对病原体有益。 | Xiaodan Wang Petra Boevink Hazel McLellan Miles Armstrong Tatyana Bukh-arova Zhiwei Qin Paul R.J. Birch | 2015 | Molecular Plant2015，8，9： | 15 |
| 5 | The effects of aerated irrigation on soil respiration, oxygen, and porosity显示文摘To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration(SR), air-filled porosity(AFP), soil temperature(ST), and oxygen concentrations(OCC). Total soil respiration(TSR), biological activity temperature index(BAT), and soil oxygen consumption(OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, BAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI(CK), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with CK, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP(by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS(by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively)(P<0.05). Mean fruit yield with AI treatment was also 23% higher(P<0.05) than that with CK. When BAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the CK treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and BAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons(higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI. | ZHU Yan Miles Dyck CAI Huan-jie SONG Li-bing CHEN Hui | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，12： | 8 |
| 6 | 土壤水分特征曲线模型模拟性能评价显示文摘土壤水分特征曲线模型作为实验测定土壤水分特征数据的一种替代方法,因其具有计算方便快捷和便于嵌入数值模拟程序的优点,开始受到越来越广泛的关注。虽然文献中存在众多的土壤水分特征曲线模型,但是这些模型的适用范围及拟合性能尚不明确。为了获得更加准确适用的土壤水分特征曲线,在实际应用中通常需要花费大量时间和精力去测试各种模型。为了解决上述问题,在国内外研究成果的基础上收集整理了12种典型的土壤水分特征曲线模型,并利用包含不同质地、有机质含量及容重的8种土壤的实测土壤水分特征数据来评估比较这些模型的模拟性能。模型性能通过均方根误差(RMSE)、平均偏差(AD)、AIC准则(Akaike Information Criterion)和纳什效率系数(NSE)4个指标评估。研究结果表明:大部分的模型能够提供比较接近于实际的拟合结果,评价指标值也比较相近。其中,KCGS2006(包含3个参数)和K1999模型(包含2个参数)拟合效果最好,而Gregson1987(包含1个参数)的拟合效果最差。该研究可以深入了解各种土壤水分特征曲线模型的适用性与局限性,更好地为生态环境建设和农业可持续发展研究中土壤水力参数的选取提供依据和参考。 | 王愿斌 王佳铭 樊媛媛 陈娟 Miles Dyck 金会军 何海龙 | 2019 | 冰川冻土2019，41，6： | 7 |
| 7 | Multicentre collaborative cohort study of the use of Kirschner wires for the management of supracondylar fractures in children显示文摘Purpose:Supracondylar fractures of the humerus cause significant morbidity in children.Nerve damage and loss of fracture reduction are common recognised complications in patients with this injury.Uncertainty surrounds the optimal Kirschner wire configuration and diameter for closed reduction and pinning of these fractures.This study describes current practice and examined the association between wire configuration or diameter and outcomes(clinical and radiological)in the operative management of paediatric supracondylar fractures.Methods:Children presenting w让h GartlandⅡorⅢsupracondylar fractures at five hospitals in southwest England were eligible for inclusion.Collaborators scrutinised paper and electronic case notes.Outcome measures were maintenance of reduction and iatrogenic nerve injury.Results:Altogether 209 patients were eligible for inclusion:15.7%had a documented neurological deficit at presentation;3.9%who were neurologically intact at presentation sustained a new deficit caused by treatment and 13.4%experienced a clinically significant loss of reduction following fixation.Maintenance of reduction was significantly better in patients treated specifically with crossed×3 Kirschner wire configuration compared to all other configurations.The incidence of iatrogenic nerve injury was not significantly different between groups treated with different wire configurations.Conclusion:We present a large multicentre cohort study showing that crossed×3 Kirschner wires are associated with better maintenance of reduction than crossed×2 or lateral entry wires.Greater numbers would be required to properly investigate nerve injury relating to operative management of supracondylar fractures.We found significant variations in practice and compliance w让h the British Orthopaedic Association Standard for Trauma(BOAST)11 guidelines. | Henry Claireaux Richard Goodall Joshua Hill Elizabeth Wilson Philippa Coull Sebastian Green James Schuster-Bruce Diana Lim Joanna Miles Payam Tarassoli | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2019，22，5： | 7 |
| 8 | Systematic review of oncological outcomes following laparoscopic vs open total mesorectal excision显示文摘AIM: To systematically analyze the randomized trials comparing the oncological and clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(LTME) vs open total mesorectal excision(OTME) in the management of rectal cancer.METHODS: Published randomized, controlled trials comparing the oncological and clinical effectiveness of LTME vs OTME in the management of rectal cancer were retrieved from the standard electronic medical databases. The data of included randomized, controlled trials was extracted and then analyzed according to the principles of meta-analysis using RevMan? statistical software. The combined outcome of the binary variables was expressed as odds ratio(OR) and the combined outcome of the continuous variables waspresented in the form of standardized mean difference(SMD). RESULTS: Data from eleven randomized, controlled trials on 2143 patients were retrieved from the electronic databases. There was a trend towards the higher risk of surgical site infection(OR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.44-1.00; z = 1.94; P < 0.05), higher risk of incomplete total mesorectal resection(OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.43-0.91; z = 2.49; P < 0.01) and prolonged length of hospital stay(SMD,-1.59; 95%CI:-0.86--0.25; z = 4.22; P < 0.00001) following OTME. However, the oncological outcomes like number of harvested lymph nodes, tumour recurrence and risk of positive resection margins were statistically similar in both groups. In addition, the clinical outcomes such as operative complications, anastomotic leak and all-cause mortality were comparable between both approaches of mesorectal excision.CONCLUSION: LTME appears to have clinically and oncologically measurable advantages over OTME in patients with primary rectal cancer in both short term and long term follow ups. | Muhammad Shafique Sajid Adil Ahamd William FA Miles Mirza Khurrum Baig | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，5： | 7 |
| 9 | Sustained Type I interferon signaling as a mechanism of resistance to PD-1 blockade显示文摘PD-1 blockade represents a major therapeutic avenue in anticancer immunotherapy.Delineating mechanisms of secondary resistance to this strategy is increasingly important.Here,we identified the deleterious role of signaling via the type I interferon(IFN)receptor in tumor and antigen presenting cells,that induced the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2(N0S2),associated with intratumor accumulation of regulatory T cells(Treg)and myeloid cells and acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody(mAb).Sustained IFNP transcription was observed in resistant tumors,in turn inducing PD-L1 and N0S2 expression in both tumor and dendritic cells(DC).Whereas PD-L1 was not involved in secondary resistance to anti-PD-1 mAb,pharmacological or genetic inhibition of N0S2 maintained long-term control of tumors by PD-1 blockade,through reduction of Treg and DC activation.Resistance to immunotherapies,including anti-PD-1 mAb in melanoma patients,was also correlated with the induction of a type I IFN signature.Hence,the role of type I IFN in response to PD-1 blockade should be revisited as sustained type I IFN signaling may contribute to resistance to therapy. | Nicolas Jacquelot Takahiro Yamazaki Maria PRoberti Connie PMDuong Miles CAndrews Loic Verlingue Gladys Ferrere Sonia Becharef Marie Vetizou Romain Daillere Meriem Messaoudene David PEnot Gautier Stoll Stefano Ugel Maria Marigo Shin Foong Ngiow Aurelien Marabelle Armelle Prevost-Blondel Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan Alexander MEggermont Paule Opolon Christophe Klein Gabriele Madonna Paolo AAscierto Antje Sucker Dirk Schadendorf Mark JSm yth Jean-Charles Soria Guido Kroemer Vincenzo Bronte Jennifer Wargo and Laurence Zitvogel | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，10： | 6 |
| 10 | Rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: Evaluation of the Model and Development of a Neurologic Examination显示文摘 | JOSHUA B. BEDERSON LAWRENCE H. PITTS MILES TSUJI MERRY C. NISHIMURA RICHARD L. DAVIS HENRY BARTKOWSKI | 1986 | Stroke1986，，3： | 5 |
| 11 | SKOSCore:简约知识组织网络表述语言显示文摘简约知识组织表述语言(SKOS Core)以资源描述框架(RDF)为基础,是一种表述规范词表中的基本结构和概念表内容的格式语言。所谓概念表(Concept Scheme)是指某领域里所有概念及概念之间的语义关系的集合。SKOS Core由网络联盟(W3C)语义网(Semantic Web)下的最佳实践和应用工作小组(Best Practice andDeployment Working Group)出版并维护。本文的主要目的是为SKOS Core在都柏林元数据中结合使用提供一些基本的诠释。通过给出各种规范词表用SKOS Core表达的例子,该文介绍了SKOS Core的管理政策、SKOS Core与都柏林元数据、资源描述框架结构语言(RDF Schema)以及网络实用分类系统语言(Web Ontology Language,OWL)之间的关系。SKOS Core的发展仍处在初级阶段,本文的介绍希望能够起到一个抛砖引玉的作用,同时也能促进下一步的发展,与都柏林元数据词汇的使用结合起来。 | Alistair Miles Brian Matthews Michael Wilson Dan Brickley | 2006 | 现代图书情报技术2006，，1： | 5 |
| 12 | Determination of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf area index for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China显示文摘Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter (DM) or leaf dry matter (LDM) and stem dry matter (SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index (LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen (Nc) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels (0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha?1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration (PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the Nc curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The Nc dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index (NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit (Nand) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha?1 during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The Nc curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. | QIANG Sheng-cai ZHANG Fu-cang Miles Dyck ZHANG Yan XIANG You-zhen FAN Jun-liang | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，10： | 5 |
| 13 | Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs显示文摘Litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight(and therefore reduced intrauterine space) in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation,mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from small fetuses. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, including hyaluronan and heparan sulfate. Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose(glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid)suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus.Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of m TOR. These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental morphogenesis,but the details of these interactions remain unclear. In addition, recent placental epithelial transcriptome analysis identified several glucose, amino acid, lipid, vitamin, mineral and hormone transporter mechanisms within the placenta. Further elucidation of mechanisms of placental morphogenesis and solute transport could provide clues to improving nutrient transport to the pig fetus, potentially increasing litter size and piglet birth weights. | Jeffrey L Vallet Anthony K Mc Neel Jeremy R Miles Bradley A Freking | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，2： | 5 |
| 14 | Molecular therapeutic strategies targeting pancreatic cancer induced cachexia显示文摘Pancreatic cancer(PC) induced cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. The pathophysiology of cachexia is complex and poorly understood. Many molecular signaling pathways are involved in PC and cachexia. Though our understanding of cancer cachexia is growing, therapeutic options remain limited. Thus, further discovery and investigation of the molecular signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of cachexia can be applied to development of targeted therapies. This review focuses on three main pathophysiologic processes implicated in the development and progression of cachexia in PC, as well as their utility in the discovery of novel targeted therapies. Skeletal muscle wasting is the most prominent pathophysiologic anomaly in cachectic patients and driven by multiple regulatory pathways. Several known molecular pathways that mediate muscle wasting and cachexia include transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β), myostatin and activin, IGF-1/PI3 K/AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling. TGF-β antagonism in cachectic mice reduces skeletal muscle catabolism and weight loss, while improving overall survival. Myostatin/activin inhibition has a great therapeutic potential since it plays an essential role in skeletal muscle regulation. Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) leads to increased ubiquitination associated proteolysis, inhibition of myogenesis, and decreased muscle mass in PC induced cachexia. IGFBP-3 antagonism alleviates muscle cell wasting.Another component of cachexia is profound systemic inflammation driven by pro-cachectic cytokines such as interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-α), and interferon gamma(INF-γ). IL-6 antagonism has been shown to reduce inflammation, reduce skeletal muscle loss, and ameliorate cachexia. While TNF-α inhibitors are clinically available, blocking TNF-α signaling is not effective in the treatment of cancer cachexia. Blocking the synthesis or action of acute phase reactants and cytokines is a feasible therapeutic strategy, but no anti-cytokine therapies are currently approved for use in PC. Metabolic alterations such as increased energy expenditure and gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance, fat tissue browning, excessive oxidative stress, and proteolysis with amino acid mobilization support tumor growth and the development of cachexia. Current innovative nutritional strategies for cachexia management include ketogenic diet, utilization of natural compounds such as silibinin, and supplementation with ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. Elevated ketone bodies exhibit an anticancer and anticachectic effect. Silibinin has been shown to inhibit growth of PC cells, induce metabolic alterations, and reduce myofiber degradation. Consumption of ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids has been shown to significantly decrease resting energy expenditure and regulate metabolic dysfunction. | Anastasiya Yakovenko Miles Cameron Jose Gilberto Trevino | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2018，10，9： | 4 |
| 15 | 用于膝骨关节炎的足穿戴生物医学设备显示文摘有症状的膝骨关节炎(OA)受生物力学和神经肌肉的影响。可调矫形器(AposSystem)可以改变足的力线,从而改变膝关节力线,并训练神经肌肉控制能力。本研究分析了该设备在膝骨关节炎患者中的临床疗效。这项回顾性研究纳入了455例有症状的OA患者,平均年龄61.6岁。所有受试者均完成了计算机化步态分析,并在初次咨询时、随后的3个月和6个月时测量了PROM。 | Miles,C 王宁华(译) 傅龙 | 2020 | 中国康复2020，35，10： | 4 |
| 16 | Tumour angiogenesis and its relation to contrast enhancement on computed tomography: a review显示文摘 | K.A. Miles | 1999 | European Journal of Radiology1999，，3： | 3 |
| 17 | Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in ADHD:A Systematic Review of Efficacy,Safety,and Protocol-induced Electrical Field Modeling Results显示文摘Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications.It has been increasingly used in neurodevelopmental disorders,especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),but its efficacy(based on effect size calculations),safety,and stimulation parameters have not been systematically examined.In this systematic review,we aimed to(1)explore the effectiveness of tDCS on the clinical symptoms and neuropsychological deficits of ADHD patients,(2)evaluate the safety of tDCS application,especially in children with ADHD,(3)model the electrical field intensity in the target regions based on the commonly-applied and effective versus less-effective protocols,and(4)discuss and propose advanced tDCS parameters.Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach,a literature search identified 14 empirical experiments investigating tDCS effects in ADHD.Partial improving effects of tDCS on cognitive deficits(response inhibition,working memory,attention,and cognitive flexibility)or clinical symptoms(e.g.,impulsivity and inattention)are reported in10 studies.No serious adverse effects are reported in 747 sessions of tDCS.The left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are the regions most often targeted,and anodal tDCS the protocol most often applied.An intensity of 2 mA induced stronger electrical fields than 1 mA in adults with ADHD and was associated with significant behavioral changes.In ADHD children,however,the electrical field induced by 1 mA,which is likely larger than the electrical field induced by 1 mA in adults due to the smaller head size of children,was sufficient to result in significant behavioral change.Overall,tDCS seems to be a promising method for improving ADHD deficits.However,the clinical utility of tDCS in ADHD cannot yet be concluded and requires further systematic investigation in larger sample sizes.Cortical regions involved in ADHD pathophysiology,stimulation parameters(e.g.intensity,duration,polarity,and electrode size),and types of symptom/deficit are potential determinants of tDCS efficacy in ADHD.Developmental aspects of tDCS in childhood ADHD should be considered as well. | Mohammad Ali Salehinejad Vahid Nejati Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani Ali Mohammadi Miles Wischnewski Min-Fang Kuo Alessio Avenanti Carmelo M・Vicario Michael A.Nitsche | 2020 | Neuroscience Bulletin2020，36，10： | 3 |
| 18 | 阶级视域下英国家庭的教育选择与偏好研究显示文摘英国家庭的教育选择被广泛认为与阶级背景相关联,教育再生产在一定程度上能够通过将学术等级转化为社会等级来实现。教育选择在个体人生的不同阶段表现出不同的选择偏好和选择特点,并且选择偏好和影响因素在个体中学、大学和代际决策过程中会发生改变。对英国工人阶级家庭而言,其初代决策受物质和文化要素影响,与家庭成员的工作和性别分工相适应;二代决策更加考虑地域和经济因素;三代决策倾向于选择私立教育,认为高等教育实现了工人阶级身份的上升流动。对英国中产阶级家庭而言,其初代决策和二代决策优先考虑学校的学术性、课程,而非地域、经济支持和未来的工作与薪资,三代决策仍然优先选择私立教育,倾向于获得延迟满足。 | 王玥琳 Andrew Miles | 2021 | 外国教育研究2021，48，11： | 3 |
| 19 | 口头诗人说了什么(用他们自己的“词”)显示文摘《怎样阅读一首口头诗歌》一书的核心要义,是向读者受众揭示诗歌创作和“阅读”的不同方式。我们将通过以下三方面的努力以成为更好的受众(alldience):1.尽可能地开阔视野;2.认识到口头艺术种类的多元性;3.重新思考关于诗性交流最为基本的假设。 | 约翰·迈尔斯·弗里(John Miles Foley) 朱刚 | 2009 | 民俗研究2009，，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Advances in molecular marker techniques and their applications in plant sciences显示文摘 | Milee Agarwal Neeta Shrivastava Harish Padh | 2008 | Plant Cell Reports2008，，4： | 3 |
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