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| 1 | Importance of gastrin in the pathogenesis and treatment of gastric tumors显示文摘In addition to regulating acid secretion, the gastric antral hormone gastrin regulates several important cellular processes in the gastric epithelium including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, tissue remodelling and angiogenesis. Elevated serum concentrations of this hormone are caused by many conditions, particularly hypochlorhydria (as a result of autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-induced chronic atrophic gastritis or acid suppressing drugs) and gastrin producing tumors (gastrinomas). There is now accumulating evidence that altered local and plasma concentrations of gastrin may play a role during the development of various gastric tumors. In the absence of H pylori infection, marked hypergastrinemia frequently results in the development of gastric enterochromaffi n cell-like neuroendocrine tumors and surgery to remove the cause of hypergastrinemia may lead to tumor resolution in this condition. In animal models such as transgenic INS-GAS mice, hypergastrinemia has also been shown to act as a cofactor with Helicobacter infection during gastric adenocarcinoma development. However, it is currently unclear as to what extent gastrin also modulates human gastric adenocarcinoma development. Therapeutic approaches targeting hypergastrinemia,such as immunization with G17DT, have been evaluated for the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma, with some promising results. Although the mild hypergastrinemia associated with proton pump inhibitor drug use has been shown to cause ECL-cell hyperplasia and to increase H pylori-induced gastric atrophy, there is currently no convincing evidence that this class of agents contributes towards the development of gastric neuroendocrine tumors or gastric adenocarcinomas in human subjects. | Michael D Burkitt Andrea Varro D Mark Pritchard | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，1： | 36 |
| 2 | Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of pancreatic carcinoma: 1990-2010显示文摘Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Most patients present with obstructive jaundice, epigastric or back pain, weight loss and anorexia. Despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, the majority of cases are still detected in advanced stages. The only curative treatment for PC remains surgical resection. No more than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis and survival remains quite poor as adjuvant therapies are not very effective. A small percentage of patients with borderline non-resectable PC might benefit from neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy enabling them to undergo resection; however, randomized controlled studies are needed to prove the benefits of this strategy. Patients with unresectable PC benefit from palliative interventions such as biliary decompression and celiac plexus block. Further clinical trials to evaluate new chemo and radiation protocols as well as identification of genetic markers for PC are needed to improve the overall survival of patients affected by PC, as the current overall 5-year survival rate of patients affected by PC is still less than 5%. The aim of this article is to review the most recent high quality literature on this topic. | Chakshu Sharma Karim M Eltawil Paul D Renfrew Mark J Walsh Michele Molinari | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，7： | 28 |
| 3 | Coordinated peak expression of MMP-26 and TIMP-4 in preinvasive human prostate tumor显示文摘因为早察觉和治疗为病人的医药管理是批评的,为早前列腺癌症诊断的新奇简历标记的鉴定是高度重要的。在基础房间层和地下室膜的连续性的混乱为高级职业人员静电干扰 intraepithelial 瘤形成(HGPIN ) 的前进是必要的到在人的前列腺的侵略腺癌。涉及变换到侵略显型的分子是强烈审查的题目。我们以前报导了矩阵 metalloproteinase-26 (MMP-26 ) 经由地下室膜蛋白质并且由激活 MMP-9 的酶原形式的劈开支持人的前列腺癌症房间的侵略。而且,我们发现了 metalloproteinases-4 (TIMP-4 ) 的那个织物禁止者是大多数有势力 MMP-26 的内长的禁止者。这里,我们更高示威(p<0.0001 ) 在 HGPIN 和癌症的 MMP-26 和 TIMP-4 表示,与非肿瘤的 acini 相比。他们的表示层次在 HGPIN 是最高的,但是在一样的纸巾在侵略癌症(为各个的 p<0.001 ) 衰退。连续前列腺癌症织物节染色的 Immunohistochemical 建议 MMP-26 和 TIMP-4 的 colocalization。现在的学习显示 MMP-26 和 TIMP-4 可以在 HGPIN 的变换期间起一个不可分的作用到侵略癌症并且可以也为早前列腺癌症诊断用作标记。房间研究(2006 ) 16:750-758。做 i:10.1038/sj .cr.7310089;出版联机 2006 年 8 月 29 日。 | Seakwoo Lee Kevin K Desai Kenneth A Iczkowski Robert G Newcomer Kevin J WU Yun-Ge Zhao Winston W Tan Mark D Roycik Qing-Xiang Amy Sang | 2006 | Cell Research2006，16，9： | 18 |
| 4 | Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade: obligatory contribution of IL-2 receptors and negative prognostic impact of soluble CD25显示文摘堵住抗体 ipilimumab 的细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞 antigen-4 (CTLA-4 ) 在很少的病人导致变形黑瘤的调停免疫者的长期的控制。尽管 ipilimumab 无疑经由 immunostimulation 施加它的治疗学的效果,这样远的临床上有用的、 immunologically 相关的 biomarkers 预言治疗效率是逃犯的。这里,我们显示出 IL-2 的那中立化或堵住 α并且 βIL-2 受体的子单元(CD25 和 CD122,分别地) 否则在现出症状之前的潜的老鼠模型由 CTLA-4 封锁导致了,废除了 antitumor 效果和 intratumoral T 受动器对规章的房间(Tregs ) 的比率的伴随的改进,它是。CTLA-4 封锁导致了在失去了 FoxP3 表示并且在 regressing 肿瘤积累了的 IL-2-producing 受动器房间与伴随物上升表示 Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 和 Egr2 的一个镇压 CD4 + T 房间子集的减小。当 recombinant IL-2 改进了 CTLA-4 封锁的治疗学的功效时,圈套 IL-2 受体 α(IL-2Rα, sCD25 ) 禁止了 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 效果封锁。在收到 ipilimumab 的 262 个变形黑瘤病人, sCD25 的基线浆液集中代表了全面幸存的独立指示物,与预言到治疗的抵抗的高水平。总的来说,这些结果解开为在 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 活动的 IL-2 和 IL-2 受体的一个角色封锁。重要地,我们的学习提供第一 immunologically 相关的 biomarker,也就是提高的浆液 sCD25,那与黑瘤在病人预言抵抗到 CTLA-4 封锁。 | Dalil Hannani Marie Vetizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadege Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggennont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，2： | 14 |
| 5 | Calcium phosphate cements for bone engineering and their biological properties显示文摘Calcium phosphate cements(CPCs) are frequently used to repair bone defects. Since their discovery in the 1980 s, extensive research has been conducted to improve their properties, and emerging evidence supports their increased application in bone tissue engineering. Much effort has been made to enhance the biological performance of CPCs, including their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability,bioactivity, and interactions with cells. This review article focuses on the major recent developments in CPCs,including 3 D printing, injectability, stem cell delivery, growth factor and drug delivery, and prevascularization of CPC scaffolds via co-culture and tri-culture techniques to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis. | Hockin HK Xu Ping Wang Lin Wang Chongyun Bao Qianming Chen Michael D Weir Laurence C Chow Liang Zhao Xuedong Zhou Mark A Reynolds | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，4： | 14 |
| 6 | Schistosoma mansoni proteins attenuate gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice显示文摘AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with S.mansoni proteins.Experiments were performed 5 d after TNBS injection.Inflammationwas quantified using validated inflammation parameters. Gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility.Peristaltic activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg set-up.Cytokine profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 d.TNBS did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility disturbances.In addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a S.mansoni protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with S.mansoni proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis. | Nathalie E Ruyssers Benedicte Y De Winter Joris G De Man Natacha D Ruyssers Ann J Van Gils Alex Loukas Mark S Pearson Joel V Weinstock Paul A Pelckmans Tom G Moreels | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，6： | 11 |
| 7 | 英国胃肠病学会关于胃癌风险患者的诊断和管理指南显示文摘胃癌预后较差,部分原因在于诊断较晚。胃癌的危险因素包括幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori,HP)感染和胃癌家族史,尤其是遗传性弥漫性胃癌和恶性贫血。胃癌发展的阶段包括慢性胃炎、胃黏膜萎缩(GA)、胃黏膜肠化生(GIM)和异型增生。胃癌早期发现和提高生存率的关键是在内镜检查前以非侵入性方式识别高危人群。然而,尽管生物标志物可能有助于检测慢性萎缩性胃炎,但尚无足够的证据支持其用于人群筛查。高质量内镜检查是胃癌早期发现的重要组成部分,图像增强内镜结合组织病理学活检是GA和GIM最佳的诊断方法,并能准确进行风险分层。按照悉尼标准从胃窦、角切迹、小弯和大弯进行活检,既能明确诊断,也能对胃癌进行风险分层。理想状态应当是在高质量内镜检查中对GA或GIM区域活检。英国属于低危地区,可根据需要接受常规诊断性胃镜检查,但没有足够证据支持筛查,对于广泛GA或GIM的患者,每3年检查内镜。对于胃异型增生和早期癌,只要满足标准,内镜下黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术的治疗有效,成功率高,复发率低。 | Matthew Banks David Graham Marnix Jansen TakujiGotoda Sergio Coda Massimiliano di Pietro NoriyaUedo Pradeep Bhandari D Mark Pritchard Ernst J Kuipers Manuel Rodriguez-Justo Marco R Novelli KrishRagunath Neil Shepherd Mario Dinis-Ribeiro 乌雅罕(译) 张冬雪(译) 牛占岳(校) 刘鑫(校) 丁士刚(译/校) | 2020 | 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志2020，7，2： | 10 |
| 8 | Clinical significance of main pancreatic duct dilation on computed tomography: Single and double duct dilation显示文摘AIM: To study the patients with main pancreatic duct dilation on computed tomography (CT) and thereby to provide the predictive criteria to identify patients at high risk of significant diseases, such as pancreatic cancer, and to avoid unnecessary work up for patients at low risk of such diseases. METHODS: Patients with dilation of the main pancreatic duct on CT at Emory University Hospital in 2002 were identified by computer search. Clinical course and ultimate diagnosis were obtained in all the identified patients by abstraction of their computer database records. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were identified in this study. Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer were the most common causes of the main pancreatic duct dilation on CT. Although the majority of patients with isolated dilation of the main pancreatic duct (single duct dilation) had chronic pancreatitis, one-third of patients with single duct dilation but without chronic pancreatitis had pancreatic malignancies, whereas most of patients with concomitant biliary duct dilation (double duct dilation) had pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION: Patients with pancreatic double duct dilation need extensive work up and careful followup since a majority of these patients are ultimately diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Patients with single duct dilation, especially such patients without any evidence of chronic pancreatitis, also need careful follow-up since the possibility of pancreatic malignancy, including adenocarcinoma and intraductal papillary mucinous tumors, is still high. | Mark D Edge Maarouf Hoteit Amil P Patel Xiaoping Wang Deborah A Baumgarten Qiang Cai | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，11： | 9 |
| 9 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease: An association study in New Zealand Caucasians and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM:To investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)promoter polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)risk.METHODS:One thousand and six New Zealand Caucasian cases and 540 Caucasian controls were genotyped for the MIF SNP-173G>C(rs755622)and the repeat polymorphism CATT5-8(rs5844572)using a predesigned TaqMan SNP assay and capillary electrophoresis,respectively.Data were analysed for single site and haplotype association with IBD risk and phenotype.Meta-analysis was employed,to assess cumulative evidence of association of MIF-173G>C with IBD.All published genotype data for MIF-173G>C in IBD were identified using PubMed and subsequently searching the references of all PubMed-identified studies.Imputed genotypes for MIF-173G>C were generated from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium(and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases).Separate meta-analyses were performed on Caucasian Crohn’s disease(CD)(3863 patients,6031controls),Caucasian ulcerative colitis(UC)(1260 patients,1987 controls),and East Asian UC(416 patients and 789 controls)datasets using the Mantel-Haenszel method.The New Zealand dataset had 93%power,and the meta-analyses had 100%power to detect an effect size of OR=1.40 atα=0.05,respectively.RESULTS:In our New Zealand dataset,single-site analysis found no evidence of association of MIF polymorphisms with overall risk of CD,UC,and IBD or disease phenotype(all P values>0.05).Haplotype analysis found the CATT5/-173C haplotype occurred at a higher frequency in New Zealand controls compared to IBD patients(0.6 vs 0.01;P=0.03,OR=0.22;95%CI:0.05-0.99),but this association did not survive bonferroni correction.Meta-analysis of our New Zealand MIF-173G>C data with data from seven additional Caucasian datasets using a random effects model found no association of MIF polymorphisms with CD,UC,or overall IBD.Similarly,meta-analysis of all published MIF-173G>C data from East Asian datasets(416UC patients,789 controls)found no association of this promoter polymorphism with UC. | James D Falvey Robert W Bentley Tony R Merriman Mark B Hampton Murray L Barclay Richard B Gearry Rebecca L Roberts | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，39： | 9 |
| 10 | 基于信号质量评估和卡尔曼滤波的心率估计算法显示文摘目的:研究基于多导重症监护导联心电分析的逐搏心率估计算法。方法:通过开放源码的QRS搏动识别算法计算逐搏心率,通过分析信号的波形特征、统计特性和相互关系导出反映信号质量好坏的信号质量指数(signalqualityindex,SQI)。应用基于信号质量指数调节的卡尔曼滤波方法进行心率估计,通过残差值和信号质量指数的大小来动态调节卡尔曼滤波器的状态变量,获得逐搏心率的最佳估计。应用美国麻省理工学院多参数智能重症监护数据库II中437例病人的6000多小时高质量数据和人为添加真实心电干扰的数据进行算法评价。结果:与直接心率估计及采样保持等算法比较,本算法在严重干扰存在时,心率估计的均方根误差最小。结论:基于信号质量评估和卡尔曼滤波的心率估计算法在严重干扰存在时仍能提供精确的心率估计。 | 李桥 Roger G Mark Gari D Clifford 俞梦孙 | 2007 | 中国医学物理学杂志2007，24，6： | 8 |
| 11 | Pain sensation in pancreatic diseases is not uniform: The different facets of pancreatic pain显示文摘AIM: To systematically characterize specific pain patterns in the most frequent pancreatic diseases.METHODS: Pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis(n = 314), pancreatic cancer(n = 469), and other pancreatic tumors(n = 249) including mucinous(n = 20) and serous cystadenoma(n = 31), invasive(n = 37) and non-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia(IPMN; n = 48), low stage(n = 18) and high stage neuroendocrine neoplasia(n = 44), and ampullary cancer(n = 51) was registered and correlated with clinicopathological data. Survival times were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients alive at the follow-up time were censored. Survival curves were compared statistically using the log-rank test.RESULTS: Forty-nine point one percent of pancreatic cancer patients revealed no pain, whereas in chronic pancreatitis only 18.3% were pain free. In contrary, moderate/severe pain was registered in 15.1% in pancreatic cancer patients that was increased in chronic pancreatitis with up to 34.2%. Serous cystadenoma was asymptomatic in most cases(58.1%), whereas 78.9% of all mucinous cystadenoma patients suffered pain. In neuroendocrine neoplasia pain was not a key clinical symptom since 64% of low stage neuroendocrine neoplasia and 59% of high stage neuroendocrine neoplasia patients were pain free. Cancer localization in the pancreatic body and patients with malignant pancreatic neoplasms were associated with more severe pain. Tumor grading and stage did not show any impact on pain. Only in pancreatic cancer, pain was directly associated with impaired survival.CONCLUSION: Pancreatic pain depicts different patterns of abdominal pain sensation according to the respective pancreatic disorder and does not allow a unification of the term pancreatic pain. | Jan G D'Haese Mark Hartel Ihsan Ekin Demir Ulf Hinz Frank Bergmann Markus W Büchler Helmut Friess Güralp O Ceyhan | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 8 |
| 12 | INT-767 improves histopathological features in a dietinduced ob/ob mouse model of biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis显示文摘AIM To characterize the efficacy of the dual FXR/TGR5 receptor agonist INT-767 upon histological endpoints in a rodent model of diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS The effects of INT-767 on histological features of NASH were assessed in two studies using Lep^(ob/ob)(ob/ob) NASH mice fed the AMLN diet(high fat with transfat, cholesterol and fructose). In a proof-of-conceptstudy, Lep^(ob/ob)(ob/ob) NASH mice were first dosed with INT-767(3 or 10 mg/kg for 8 wk). A second ob/ob NASH study compared INT-767(3 and 10 mg/kg) to obeticholic acid(OCA)(10 or 30 mg/kg; 16 wk). Primary histological endpoints included qualitative and quantitative assessments of NASH. Other metabolic and plasma endpoints were also assessed. A comparative assessment of INT-767 and OCA effects on drug distribution and hepatic gene expression was performed in C57 Bl/6 mice on standard chow. C57 Bl/6 mice were orally dosed with INT-767 or OCA(1-30 mg/kg) for 2 wk, and expression levels of candidate genes were assessed by RNA sequencing and tissue drug levels were measured by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry.RESULTS INT-767 dose-dependently(3 and 10 mg/kg, PO, QD, 8 wk) improved qualitative morphometric scores on steatohepatitis severity, inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis stage. Quantitative morphometric analyses revealed that INT-767 reduced parenchymal collagen area, collagen fiber density, inflammation(assessed by Galectin-3 immunohistochemistry) and hepatocyte lipid droplet area following INT-767 treatment. In a comparative study(16 wk), the FXR agonists OCA(10 and 30 mg/kg) and INT-767(3 and 10 mg/kg) both improved NASH histopathology, with INT-767 exerting greater therapeutic potency and efficacy than OCA. Mechanistic studies suggest that both drugs accumulate similarly within the liver and ileum, however, the effects of INT-767 may be driven by enhanced hepatic, but not ileal, FXR function. CONCLUSION These findings confirm the potential utility of FXR and dual FXR/TGR5 activation as disease intervention strategies in NASH. | Jonathan D Roth Michael Feigh Sanne S Veidal Louise KD Fensholdt Kristoffer T Rigbolt Henrik H Hansen Li C Chen Mathieu Petitjean Weslyn Friley Niels Vrang Jacob Jelsing Mark Young | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，2： | 7 |
| 13 | Surgical treatment of Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Comparison of anterior vs posterior approach显示文摘AIM To compare the posterior vs anterior approaches for fusion of Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves,matched for curve magnitude and for the distal level of fixation(dLOF) standardized to the third lumbar vertebrae(L3).METHODS A prospectively collected multicenter database was used for this retrospective comparative study. Our dependent variables included sagittal and coronal radiographic measurements, number of fused vertebrae, estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization and SRS total and individual domain scores at the two-year follow-up. Subject demographics were similar for all group comparisons.Independent t-test was used to compare groups for all analyses at P < 0.01.RESULTS For all matched cases of Lenke 5 curves, a selective approach was used only 50% of the time in cases undergoing a posterior fusion. When comparing a posterior selective approach to an anterior selective approach,surgeons utilizing a posterior approach fused significantly more levels than surgeons using an anterior approach with no other significant differences in radiographic or SRS outcomes(Ant = 4.8 ± 1.0 levels vs post = 6.1 ± 1.0 levels, P < 0.0001). When the dLOF was standardized to L3, the anterior approached provided significantly greater lumbar Cobb percent correction than the posterior approach(Ant = 69.1% ± 12.6% vs post =54.6% ± 16.4%, P = 0.004), with no other significant radiographic or SRS score differences between approaches.CONCLUSION Surgeons treating Lenke 5c curves with a posterior instrumentation and fusion vs an anterior approach include more motion segments, even with a selective fusion. When controlled for the distal level of fixation,the anterior approach provides greater correction of the thoracolumbar curve. | Mark F Abel Anuj Singla Mark A Feger Lindsay D Sauer Wendy Novicoff | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，9： | 6 |
| 14 | Breeding wheat for drought tolerance: Progress and technologies显示文摘Recurrent drought associated with climate change is among the principal constraints to global productivity of wheat(Triticum aestivum(L.) and T. turgidum(L.)). Numerous efforts to mitigate drought through breeding resilient varieties are underway across the world. Progress is, however, hampered because drought tolerance is a complex trait that is controlled by many genes and its full expression is affected by the environment. Furthermore, wheat has a structurally intricate and large genome. Consequently, breeding for drought tolerance requires the integration of various knowledge systems and methodologies from multiple disciplines in plant sciences. This review summarizes the progress made in dry land wheat improvement, advances in knowledge, complementary methodologies, and perspectives towards breeding for drought tolerance in the crop to create a coherent overview. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomics-assisted selection methodologies are discussed as leading research components used to exploit genetic variation. Advances in phenomic and genomic technologies are highlighted as options to circumvent existing bottlenecks in phenotypic and genomic selection, and gene transfer. The prospects of further integration of these technologies with other omics technologies are also provided. | Learnmore Mwadzingeni Hussein Shimelis Ernest Dube Mark D Laing Toi J Tsilo | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2016，15，5： | 6 |
| 15 | Relationship between HER-2 overexpression and brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients显示文摘AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010.Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables.The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed.Median age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) patients.Cancer relapsed in 43/142(30%) patients.The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).CONCLUSION:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy.Further studies will be required to validate this observation. | Taher Abu Hejleh Barry R DeYoung Eric Engelman Jeremy M Deutsch Bridget Zimmerman Thorvardur R Halfdanarson Daniel J Berg Kalpaj R Parekh William R Lynch Mark D Iannettoni Sudershan Bhatia Gerald Clamon | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，5： | 5 |
| 16 | Current state of endohepatology: Diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension and its complications with endoscopic ultrasound显示文摘The diagnosis and management of cirrhosis and portal hypertension(PH)with its complications including variceal hemorrhage,ascites,and hepatic encephalopathy continues to evolve.Although there are established“standards of care”in liver biopsy and measurement of PH,gastric varices remain an area without a universally accepted therapeutic approach.The concept of“Endo Hepatology”has been used to describe of the applications of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)to these challenges.EUS-liver biopsy(EUS-LB)offers an alternative to percutaneous and transjuglar liver biopsy without compromising safety or efficacy,and with added advantages including the potential to reduce sampling error by allowing biopsies in both hepatic lobes.Furthermore,EUS-LB can be performed during the same procedure as EUS-guided portal pressure gradient(PPG)measurements,allowing for the collection of valuable diagnostic and prognostic data.EUS-guided PPG measurements provide an appealing alternative to the transjugular approach,with proposed advantages including the ability to directly measure portal vein pressure.In addition,EUS-guided treatment of gastric varices(GV)offers several possible advantages to current therapies.EUS-guided treatment of GV allows detailed assessment of the vascular anatomy,similar efficacy and safety to current therapies,and allows the evaluation of treatment effect through doppler ultrasound visualization.The appropriate selection of patients for these procedures is paramount to ensuring generation of useful clinical data and patient safety. | Sean R Rudnick Jason D Conway Mark W Russo | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，8： | 4 |
| 17 | Heme oxygenase-1 overexpression increases liver injury after bile duct ligation in rats显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) against oxidant-induced injury caused by bile duct ligation (BDL). METHODS: Either cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), a HO-1 inducer, or saline were injected intraperitoneally in male SD-rats. Three days later, BDL or sham-operations were performed. Rats were sacrificed 3 wk after BDL and livers were harvested for histology. Fibrosis was evaluated by sirius red staining and image analysis. Alpha-smooth muscular actin, which indicates activation of stellate cells, was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and cytokine and collagen-Ⅰα (Col-Ⅰα) mRNA expression was detected using RNase protection assays. RESULTS: Serum alanine transaminase increased 8-fold above normal levels one day after BDL. Surprisingly, enzyme release was not reduced in rats receiving CoPP. Liver fibrosis was evaluated 3 wk after BDL and the sirius red-positive area was found to be increased to about 7.8%. However, in CoPP pretreated rats sirius red- positive areas were increased to about 11.7% after BDL. Collagen-Ⅰα and TGF-β mRNA increased significantly by BDL. Again, this effect was increased by HO-1 overexpression.CONCLUSION: Hepatic fibrosis due to BDL is not reduced by the HO-1 inducer CoPP. In contrast, HO-1 overexpression increases liver injury in rats under conditions of experimental chronic cholestasis. | Matthias Froh Lars Conzelmann Peter Walbrun Susanne Netter Reiner Wiest Michael D Wheeler Mark Lehnert Takehiko Uesugi Jurgen Scholmerich Ronald G Thurman | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，25： | 4 |
| 18 | Targeting ryanodine receptors for anti-arrhythmic therapy显示文摘Antiarrhythmic 药是压制或阻止反常的心节奏的一组药品,它经常与实质的病态和死亡被联系。典型地指向血浆膜离子隧道的当前的 antiarrhythmic 药限制了临床的成功,在一些,情况被描述了为是支持 arrhythmic。然而,最近的研究建议钙的那个病理学的版本(从经由心脏的 ryanodine 受体(RyR2 ) 的 sarcoplasmic 蜂窝胃的 Ca 2+) 能为 antiarrhythmic 代表一个有希望的目标治疗。心脏舒张的 SR Ca 2+ 版本在两个被连接了到 arrhythmogenesis 继承心律不齐症候群“ catecholaminergic 多态的室的心悸亢进”并且心疾病的获得的形式(例如, atrial 纤维性颤动,心失败) 。药品的几个班被显示了减少反常 RyR2 活动并且可以通过 SR Ca 2+ 漏缝的减小对触发的心律不齐授与保护。在这评论,我们将为稳定 RyR2 评估当前的药理学方法并且基于分子的机制的当前的证据建议处理形式。 | Mark D McCAULEY | 2011 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2011，32，6： | 3 |
| 19 | 用熔解曲线法分析插入/缺失多态性和Y染色体SNPs多态性显示文摘随着单核苷酸多态性SNPs (SingleNucleotidePolymorphisms)及插入 /缺失多态性Indels (Insertion/Dele tion)的分型技术研究的深入 ,SNPs和Indels在法医学上的应用将受到深刻的影响。本文研究和探讨Indels的分型方法 ,通过测定扩增DNA片段在溶液中的溶解曲线图确定每个样品的基因型 ,称为溶解曲线Indels基因分型方法(McI/D)。溶解曲线图由被测样品DNA片段的特殊溶解温度组成 ,扩增结果直接由仪器分析不需要繁杂的PCR后期操作。 | 叶健 郑秀芬 季安全 Esteban J Parra Donna M Sosnoski Mark D Shriver | 2001 | 中国法医学杂志2001，16，4： | 3 |
| 20 | 跨音速转子叶顶泄漏流/主流交界面的前移机制显示文摘采用数值计算和实验研究相结合的方法,研究了跨音速转子叶顶泄漏流与主流交界面轴向位置随流量的变化规律和机制。该跨音转子是美国圣母大学一级半跨音速压气机转子。研究发现机匣壁面脉线分布能够定性反映壁面轴向剪切应力分布,可用来识别叶顶泄漏流与主流的交界面位置。通过机匣壁面的脉线分布,可以看出机匣壁面存在两条零剪切应力线。第一条零剪切应力线表示来流与叶顶泄漏流之间交界面的时间和周向平均轴向位置,在小流量工况下交界面靠近顶部叶片的前缘。计算和实验结果都表明,随着质量流量的减小,叶顶泄漏流与主流交界面的轴向位置不断向叶片前缘移动。在近失速点,交界面到达叶片前缘,泄漏流即将溢出。泄漏流与主流的轴向动量比随流量减小不断增大的变化规律进一步说明,间隙区域泄漏流与主流的轴向动量平衡是导致交界面不断前移直至溢出的内在机制。 | 杜娟 林峰 陈静宜 Mark H Ross Joshua D Cameron Scott C Morris | 2011 | 工程热物理学报2011，32，6： | 3 |
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