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| 1 | Predictors of mortality after transjugular portosystemic shunt显示文摘AIM:To investigate if echocardiographic and hemodynamic determinations obtained at the time of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)can provide prognostic information that will enhance risk stratification of patients.METHODS:We reviewed medical records of 467 patients who underwent TIPS between July 2003 and December 2011 at our institution.We recorded information regarding patient demographics,underlying liver disease,indication for TIPS,baseline laboratory values,hemodynamic determinations at the time of TIPS,and echocardiographic measurements both before and after TIPS.We recorded patient comorbidities that may affect hemodynamic and echocardiographic determinations.We also calculated Model for Endstage Liver Disease(MELD)score and Child Turcotte Pugh(CTP)class.The following pre-and post-TIPS echocardiographic determinations were recorded:Left ventricular ejection fraction,right ventricular(RV)systolic pressure,subjective RV dilation,and subjective RV function.We recorded the following hemodynamic measurements:Right atrial(RA)pressure before and after TIPS,inferior vena cava pressure before and after TIPS,free hepatic vein pressure,portal vein pressure before and after TIPS,and hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG).RESULTS:We reviewed 418 patients with portal hypertension undergoing TIPS.RA pressure increased by a mean ± SD of 4.8 ± 3.9 mmH g(P < 0.001),HVPG decreased by 6.8 ± 3.5 mmH g(P < 0.001).In multivariate linear regression analysis,a higher MELD score,lower platelet count,splenectomy and a higher portal vein pressure were independent predictors of higher RA pressure(R = 0.55).Three variables predicted 3-mo mortality after TIPS in a multivariate analysis:Age,MELD score,and CTP grade C.Change in the RA pressure after TIPS predicted long-term mortality(per 1 mm Hg change,HR = 1.03,95%CI:1.01-1.06,P < 0.012).CONCLUSION:RA pressure increased immediately after TIPS particularly in patients with worse liver function,portal hypertension,emergent TIPS placement and history of splenectomy.The increase in RA pressure after TIPS was associated with increased mortality.Age,splenectomy,MELD score and CTP grade were independent predictors of long-term mortality after TIPS. | Mona Ascha Sami Abuqayyas Ibrahim Hanouneh Laith Alkukhun Mark Sands Raed A Dweik Adriano R Tonelli | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，11： | 13 |
| 2 | Alcoholic pancreatitis:New insights into the pathogenesisand treatment显示文摘Acute pancreatitis is a necro-inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas that is characterized by inappropriate activation of zymogens, infiltration of the pancreas by inflammatory cells, and destruction of the pancreatic exocrine cells. Acute pancreatitis can progress to a severe life-threatening disease. Currently there is no pharmacotherapy to prevent or treat acute pancreatitis. One of the more common factors associated with acute pancreatitis is alcohol abuse. Although commonly associated with pancreatitis alcohol alone is unable to cause pancreatitis. Instead, it appears that alcohol and its metabolic by-products predispose the pancreas to damage from agents that normally do not cause pancreatitis, or to more severe disease from agents that normally cause mild pancreatic damage. Over the last 10 to 20 years, a tremendous amount of work has defined a number of alcohol-mediated biochemical changes in pancreatic cells. Among these changes are: Sustained levels of intracellular calcium, activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impairment in autophagy, alteration in the activity of transcriptional activators, and colocalization of lysosomal and pancreatic digestive enzymes. Elucidation of these changes has led to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which ethanol predisposes acinar cells to damage. This greater understanding has revealed a number of promising targets for therapeutic intervention. It is hoped that further investigation of these targets will lead to the development of pharmacotherapy that is effective in treating and preventing the progression of acute pancreatitis. | Dahn L Clemens Katrina J Schneider Christopher K Arkfeld Jaclyn R Grode Mark A Wells Shailender Singh | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2016，7，1： | 10 |
| 3 | 英国胃肠病学会关于胃癌风险患者的诊断和管理指南显示文摘胃癌预后较差,部分原因在于诊断较晚。胃癌的危险因素包括幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori,HP)感染和胃癌家族史,尤其是遗传性弥漫性胃癌和恶性贫血。胃癌发展的阶段包括慢性胃炎、胃黏膜萎缩(GA)、胃黏膜肠化生(GIM)和异型增生。胃癌早期发现和提高生存率的关键是在内镜检查前以非侵入性方式识别高危人群。然而,尽管生物标志物可能有助于检测慢性萎缩性胃炎,但尚无足够的证据支持其用于人群筛查。高质量内镜检查是胃癌早期发现的重要组成部分,图像增强内镜结合组织病理学活检是GA和GIM最佳的诊断方法,并能准确进行风险分层。按照悉尼标准从胃窦、角切迹、小弯和大弯进行活检,既能明确诊断,也能对胃癌进行风险分层。理想状态应当是在高质量内镜检查中对GA或GIM区域活检。英国属于低危地区,可根据需要接受常规诊断性胃镜检查,但没有足够证据支持筛查,对于广泛GA或GIM的患者,每3年检查内镜。对于胃异型增生和早期癌,只要满足标准,内镜下黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术的治疗有效,成功率高,复发率低。 | Matthew Banks David Graham Marnix Jansen TakujiGotoda Sergio Coda Massimiliano di Pietro NoriyaUedo Pradeep Bhandari D Mark Pritchard Ernst J Kuipers Manuel Rodriguez-Justo Marco R Novelli KrishRagunath Neil Shepherd Mario Dinis-Ribeiro 乌雅罕(译) 张冬雪(译) 牛占岳(校) 刘鑫(校) 丁士刚(译/校) | 2020 | 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志2020，7，2： | 10 |
| 4 | 常规脂蛋白检测和载脂蛋白在心血管病预测中的比较显示文摘总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)测量值对于心血管病风险评估至关重要,但对于其他脂质用于风险预测的效用一直存在争议。该研究纳入来自英国生物银行(Biobank)的无基线心血管病、未服用他汀类药物、有相关的脂质指标(n=346 686)的受试者。 | Welsh C Celis-Morales CA Brown R Mackay DF Lewsey J Mark PB Gray SR Ferguson LD Anderson JJ Lyall DM Cleland JG Jhund PS Gill J MR Pell JP Sattar N Welsh P 刘青(译) 叶鹏(摘、审校) | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，27，7： | 10 |
| 5 | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease: An association study in New Zealand Caucasians and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM:To investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)promoter polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)risk.METHODS:One thousand and six New Zealand Caucasian cases and 540 Caucasian controls were genotyped for the MIF SNP-173G>C(rs755622)and the repeat polymorphism CATT5-8(rs5844572)using a predesigned TaqMan SNP assay and capillary electrophoresis,respectively.Data were analysed for single site and haplotype association with IBD risk and phenotype.Meta-analysis was employed,to assess cumulative evidence of association of MIF-173G>C with IBD.All published genotype data for MIF-173G>C in IBD were identified using PubMed and subsequently searching the references of all PubMed-identified studies.Imputed genotypes for MIF-173G>C were generated from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium(and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases).Separate meta-analyses were performed on Caucasian Crohn’s disease(CD)(3863 patients,6031controls),Caucasian ulcerative colitis(UC)(1260 patients,1987 controls),and East Asian UC(416 patients and 789 controls)datasets using the Mantel-Haenszel method.The New Zealand dataset had 93%power,and the meta-analyses had 100%power to detect an effect size of OR=1.40 atα=0.05,respectively.RESULTS:In our New Zealand dataset,single-site analysis found no evidence of association of MIF polymorphisms with overall risk of CD,UC,and IBD or disease phenotype(all P values>0.05).Haplotype analysis found the CATT5/-173C haplotype occurred at a higher frequency in New Zealand controls compared to IBD patients(0.6 vs 0.01;P=0.03,OR=0.22;95%CI:0.05-0.99),but this association did not survive bonferroni correction.Meta-analysis of our New Zealand MIF-173G>C data with data from seven additional Caucasian datasets using a random effects model found no association of MIF polymorphisms with CD,UC,or overall IBD.Similarly,meta-analysis of all published MIF-173G>C data from East Asian datasets(416UC patients,789 controls)found no association of this promoter polymorphism with UC. | James D Falvey Robert W Bentley Tony R Merriman Mark B Hampton Murray L Barclay Richard B Gearry Rebecca L Roberts | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，39： | 9 |
| 6 | Colonic ulcerations may predict steroid-refractory course in patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis显示文摘AIM To investigate management of patients who develop ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, including association of endoscopic findings with steroid-refractory symptoms and utility of infliximab as second-line therapy.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our centerwith metastatic melanoma who were treated with ipilimumab between March 2011 and May 2014. All patients received a standard regimen of intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 wk for four doses or until therapy was stopped due to toxicity or disease progression. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected on all patients. For patients who developed grade 2 or worse diarrhea(increase of 4 bowel movements per day), additional data were collected regarding details of gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopic findings and treatment course. Descriptive statistics were used.RESULTS A total of 114 patients were treated with ipilimumab during the study period and all were included. Sixteen patients(14%) developed ≥ grade 2 diarrhea. All patients were treated with high-dose corticosteroids(1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily or equivalent). Nine of 16 patients(56%) had ongoing diarrhea despite highdose steroids. Steroid-refractory patients received one dose of intravenous infliximab at 5 mg/kg, and all but one had brisk resolution of diarrhea. Fourteen of the patients underwent either colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy with variable endoscopic findings, ranging from mild erythema to colonic ulcers. Among 8 patients with ulcers demonstrated by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, 7 patients(88%) developed steroidrefractory symptoms requiring infliximab. With a median follow-up of 264 d, no major adverse events associated with prednisone or infliximab were reported.CONCLUSION In patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, the presence of colonic ulcers on endoscopy was associated with a steroid-refractory course. | Animesh Jain Evan J Lipson William H Sharfman Steven R Brant Mark G Lazarev | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，11： | 8 |
| 7 | Transcriptome Analysis of Arabidopsis Wild-Type and gl3-sst sim Trichomes Identifies Four Additional Genes Required for Trichome Development显示文摘 | M. David Marks Jonathan R Wenger Edward Gilding Ross Jilk Richard A. Dixon | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，4： | 8 |
| 8 | Efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy vs other achalasia treatments in improving esophageal function显示文摘AIM: To assess and compare the esophageal function after peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM) vs other conventional treatments in achalasia.METHODS: Chart review of all achalasia patients who underwent POEM, laparoscopic Heller myotomy(LHM) or pneumatic dilation(PD) at our institution between January 2012 and March 2015 was performed. Patient demographics, type of achalasia, prior treatments, pre- and post-treatment timed barium swallow(TBE) and high-resolution esophageal manometry(HREM) findings were compared between the three treatment groups. Patients who had both pre- and 2 mo posttreatment TBE or HREM were included in the final analysis. TBE parameters compared were barium column height, width and volume of barium remaining at 1 and 5 min. HREM parameters compared were basal lower esophageal sphincter(LES) pressures and LES-integrated relaxation pressures(IRP). Data are presented as mean ± SD, median [25th, 75 th percentiles] or frequency(percent). Analysis of variance, KruskalWallis test, Pearsons χ~2 test and Fishers Exact tests were used for analysis.RESULTS: A total of 200 achalasia patients were included of which 36 underwent POEM, 22 underwent PD and 142 underwent LHM. POEM patients were older(55.4 ± 16.8 years vs 46.5 ± 15.7 years, P = 0.013) and had higher BMI than LHM(29.1 ± 5.9 kg/m^2 vs 26 ± 5.1 kg/m^2, P = 0.012). More number of patients in POEM and PD groups had undergone prior treatments compared to LHM group(72.2% vs 68.2% vs 44.3% respectively, P = 0.003). At 2 mo post-treatment, all TBE parameters including barium column height, width and volume remaining at 1 and 5 min improved significantly in all three treatment groups(P = 0.01 to P < 0.001) except the column height at 1 min in PD group(P = 0.11). At 2 mo post-treatment, there was significant improvement in basal LES pressure and LES-IRP in both LHM(40.5 mm Hg vs 14.5 mm Hg and 24 mm Hg vs 7.1 mm Hg respectively, P < 0.001) and POEM groups(38.7 mm Hg vs 11.4 mm Hg and 23.6 mm Hg vs 6.6 mm Hg respectively, P < 0.001). However, when the efficacy of three treatments were compared to each other in terms of improvement in TBE or HREM parameters at 2 mo, there was no significant difference(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: POEM, PD and LHM were all effective in improving esophageal function in achalasia at shortterm. There was no difference in efficacy between the three treatments. | Madhusudhan R Sanaka Umar Hayat Prashanthi N Thota Ramprasad Jegadeesan Monica Ray Scott L Gabbard Neha Wadhwa Rocio Lopez Mark E Baker Sudish Murthy Siva Raja | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，20： | 7 |
| 9 | 不同肤色人种角层细胞黑素含量和形态的比较显示文摘目的 探讨种族间皮肤角层细胞黑素的差异。方法 用浅表角层细胞粘附技术和 Optomax V计算机分析系统对一组黑种人 (10名 ),白种人 (24名 )和黄种人 (13名 )暴光区和非暴光区皮肤浅表角层黑素细胞进行定量分析和观察。结果 3个种族间皮肤浅表角层细胞黑素含量存在明显差异 (暴光区 F=12.4。 | 陆洪光 Pearse A Marks R | 2000 | 中华皮肤科杂志2000，33，4： | 7 |
| 10 | Role of functional imaging in the development and refinement of invasive neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders显示文摘Deep brain stimulation(DBS) is emerging as a pow-erful tool for the alleviation of targeted symptoms in treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the expanding use of neuropsychiatric DBS, the mecha-nisms responsible for its effects are only starting to be elucidated. Several modalities such as quantitative elec-troencephalography as well a intraoperative recordings have been utilized to attempt to understand the under-pinnings of this new treatment modality, but functional imaging appears to offer several unique advantages. Functional imaging techniques like positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomog-raphy and functional magnetic resonance imaging have been used to examine the effects of focal DBS on activ-ity in a distributed neural network. These investigations are critical for advancing the field of invasive neuro-modulation in a safe and effective manner, particularly in terms of defining the neuroanatomical targets and refining the stimulation protocols. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current functional neuroim-aging findings from neuropsychiatric DBS implantation for three disorders: treatment-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome. All of the major targets will be discussed(Nucleus ac-cumbens, anterior limb of internal capsule, subcallosal cingulate, Subthalamic nucleus, Centromedial nucleus of the thalamus-Parafasicular complex, frontal pole, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). We will also address some apparent inconsistencies within this literature, and suggest potential future directions for this promis-ing area. | Nolan R Williams Joseph J Taylor Kayla Lamb Colleen A Hanlon E Baron Short Mark S George | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，10： | 6 |
| 11 | Panitumumab and irinotecan versus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type, fluorouracil-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (PICCOLO): a prospectively stratified randomised trial显示文摘 | Matthew T Seymour Sarah R Brown Gary Middleton Timothy Maughan Susan Richman Stephen Gwyther Catherine Lowe Jennifer F Seligmann Jonathan Wadsley Nick Maisey Ian Chau Mark Hill Lesley Dawson Stephen Falk Ann O’Callaghan Kim Benstead Philip Chambers Alfred | 2013 | Lancet Oncology2013，，8： | 6 |
| 12 | The immunology of human cytomegalovirus latency: could latent infection be cleared by novel immunotherapeutic strategies?显示文摘当跟随主要人的 cytomegalovirus (HCMV ) 感染的主人免疫者反应在停止病毒复制和传播通常是有效的时,病毒从来没被主人并且象所有 herpesviruses 一样清除,永久坚持。至少部分地,这坚持被知道被 HCMV 的能力便于在感染是实质上沉默的与的 myeloid 在房间建立潜伏,重要地新病毒生产的全部的缺乏。然而,尽管病毒的抄写计划很在潜伏期间被压制,很多病毒的基因在蛋白质水平在潜伏的感染期间被表示,这些中的许多被显示了在潜伏的房间和它的环境上有深刻效果。有趣地,许多也在 lysin 的感染期间这些联系潜伏的基因被表示。因此,一样的有势力主人免疫者回答为什么在 lysin 的感染期间产生了到这些病毒的基因产品,没在潜伏期间被认出,从而允许隐而不见地的感染的房间的清理,是远非清楚的。从潜伏的复活也是调停 HCMV 的疾病的一个主要原因,特别地在损害的免疫者和免疫者天真,并且也是可能的是在被建议了与象动脉粥样硬化和一些瘤形成那样的长期的疾病被联系的长期的无临床症状的 HCMV 感染的病毒的主要来源。因而,理解潜伏并且隐而不见地的感染的房间为什么看起来是 immunoprivileged,为 HCMV 的致病的理解是关键的并且可以帮助设计策略消除潜伏的病毒水库,至少在某些临床的背景。 | Mark R Wills Emma Poole Betty Lau Ben Krishna John H Sinclair | 2015 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2015，12，2： | 6 |
| 13 | Is cardiac resynchronisation therapy feasible, safe and beneficial in the very elderly?显示文摘ObjectiveTo evaluate 心脏的同一时刻治疗(CRT ) 培植是否与经历 CRT 培植的 symptoms.MethodsConsecutive 病人一起在 octogenarians 和协会可行、安全,从二个英国中心被招募。根据年龄组织的病人:<80 &≥80 年。基线人口分布,复杂并发症和结果在 439 个病人的那些 groups.ResultsA 总数之间被比较在这研究, 26%≥ 是谁被包括;80 年。Octogenarians 更经常与心脏的同一时刻治疗使用高压脉冲来消减心脏相比收到了心脏的再同步治疗心律调整器。从心律调整器的升级在两个组是普通的(16%<80 年对 22%≥80 年, P = NS ) 。合作病态在两个组是同样普通的(全面糖尿病:25% , atrial 纤维性颤动:23% ,高血压:45%) 。更耐心的年龄 ≥80 年有重要的长期的肾疾病(CKD,估计的 glomerular 过滤率 <45 mL/min 每 1.73 m 2,44% 对 22% , P <0.01 ) 。全面复杂并发症率(任何东西) 在两个组是类似的(16% 对 17% , P = NS ) 。两个组表明了征兆的利益。一个年死亡率作为与更年轻的队相比是在 octogenarians 更大的几乎四褶层(13.9% 对 3.7% , P <0.01 ).ConclusionsCRT 看起来安全在尽管有广泛的合作病态老、特别地经常严重 CKD。征兆的改进看起来有意义。增加的策略是 CRT 的潜在的候选人的有 CHF 的老病人的适当鉴定被要求。 | Bartosz Olechowski Rebecca Sands Donah Zachariah Neil P Andrews Richard Balasubramaniam Mark Sopher John Paisey Paul R Kalra | 2015 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2015，12，5： | 5 |
| 14 | Relationship between HER-2 overexpression and brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients显示文摘AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010.Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables.The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed.Median age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) patients.Cancer relapsed in 43/142(30%) patients.The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).CONCLUSION:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy.Further studies will be required to validate this observation. | Taher Abu Hejleh Barry R DeYoung Eric Engelman Jeremy M Deutsch Bridget Zimmerman Thorvardur R Halfdanarson Daniel J Berg Kalpaj R Parekh William R Lynch Mark D Iannettoni Sudershan Bhatia Gerald Clamon | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，5： | 5 |
| 15 | 骨肉瘤DNA损伤修复相关基因表达与预后的关系显示文摘目的研究DNA损伤修复基因MPG、APE1、XRCC1和MGMT在人体骨肉瘤中的表达特点及其与患者预后的关系,为判估骨肉瘤对化疗的反应性及其预后提供有价值的指标。方法应用免疫组化方法检测60例骨肉瘤组织和3株骨肉瘤细胞中MPG、APE1、XRCC1和MGMT的表达,按染色强度将其分为低表达组和高表达组。统计分析它们与临床病理及患者预后的关系。结果3株骨肉瘤细胞中APE1和XRCC1呈强阳性,MPG和MGMT呈弱阳性。60例骨肉瘤中MPG、APE1、XRCC1和MGMT高表达分别为40例(65%)、43例(72%)、23例(38%)和32例(53%)。APE1表达和患者年龄,Price’s分级和WHO分型有显著性差异(P<0·05),MPG表达和WHO分型有显著性差异(P<0·05)。Spearman秩相关检验显示上述4项指标之间密切相关。单因素相关分析显示APE1和MPG表达与患者预后有显著性差异(P<0·05),COX比例风险模型显示MPG表达与患者预后有关(P<0·01)。结论DNA损伤修复基因MPG、APE1、XRCC1和MGMT的共同表达是骨肉瘤的特点,APE1和MPG表达对于判估骨肉瘤患者的预后可能更有意义。 | 王东 张沁宏 仲召阳 李增鹏 Mark R Kelley | 2005 | 第三军医大学学报2005，27，13： | 5 |
| 16 | Acute liver failure due to natural killer-like T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma: A case report and review of the Literature显示文摘尖锐的肝失败(ALF ) 是为肝移植要求立即的评估的一种医药紧急情况。我们描述与腹水,黄疸,和脑病介绍了并且被发现由于象 T 房间白血病 / 淋巴瘤一样的生来的杀手(NK ) 有 ALF 的一个病人的一个不平常的盒子。关键免疫显型是 CD2+ , CD3+ , CD7+ , CD56+ 。这诊断,在外部血和腹水基于调查结果,与肝活体检视被证实,并且是到肝移植的禁止徵候。hematologic 恶意是暴发性的肝的失败的一个不平常的原因的文学表演的评论,和那个象 NK 一样 T 房间白血病 / 淋巴瘤是一最近相对表示特性地认出了是的实体 CD3+ 和 CD56+ 。这个盒子证明那肝活体检视在与淋巴瘤 / 白血病能引起尖锐的肝失败的象 NK 一样 T 房间诊断肝的尖锐的肝失败,和那渗入的不平常的原因是必要的。 | Evan S Dellon Shannon R Morris Wozhan Tang Cherie H Dunphy Mark W Russo | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，25： | 5 |
| 17 | 1989-1994年中国脊髓灰质炎病毒的分子流行病学显示文摘1989~1994年中国发生的脊髓灰质炎流行,疫情开始集中于华东、中南地区,后期趋于南部沿海一带。对近百份来自18个省、市、自治区脊灰病毒流行期间标本的分子生物学特征分析,发现流行主要由脊灰病毒Ⅰ型野毒株引起,未发现Ⅱ型野毒株,但1993年在新疆分离到1株Ⅲ型野毒株。Ⅰ型野毒株中共存在4个基因型病毒,其中CHNP1-R91型病毒为这几年流行中新产生的重组病毒,在VP1/2A区含有一段疫苗株序列,另一段野毒株序列很可能来自CHNP1-JX89型病毒。这两个基因型病毒分布在全国大部份地区。病毒核酸的亲缘关系研究还证明,92~94年流行在南方沿海一带的脊髓灰质炎,主要由91年产生的重组病毒引起。此研究揭示了各地区、各基因型病毒与疫情之间的流行病学关系及传播模式。 | 郑渡平 张礼璧 侯晓辉 朱宏 Mac Otten David R Kilpatnck Mark Pallansch Olen M Kew | 1995 | 病毒学报1995，11，4： | 4 |
| 18 | Current state of endohepatology: Diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension and its complications with endoscopic ultrasound显示文摘The diagnosis and management of cirrhosis and portal hypertension(PH)with its complications including variceal hemorrhage,ascites,and hepatic encephalopathy continues to evolve.Although there are established“standards of care”in liver biopsy and measurement of PH,gastric varices remain an area without a universally accepted therapeutic approach.The concept of“Endo Hepatology”has been used to describe of the applications of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)to these challenges.EUS-liver biopsy(EUS-LB)offers an alternative to percutaneous and transjuglar liver biopsy without compromising safety or efficacy,and with added advantages including the potential to reduce sampling error by allowing biopsies in both hepatic lobes.Furthermore,EUS-LB can be performed during the same procedure as EUS-guided portal pressure gradient(PPG)measurements,allowing for the collection of valuable diagnostic and prognostic data.EUS-guided PPG measurements provide an appealing alternative to the transjugular approach,with proposed advantages including the ability to directly measure portal vein pressure.In addition,EUS-guided treatment of gastric varices(GV)offers several possible advantages to current therapies.EUS-guided treatment of GV allows detailed assessment of the vascular anatomy,similar efficacy and safety to current therapies,and allows the evaluation of treatment effect through doppler ultrasound visualization.The appropriate selection of patients for these procedures is paramount to ensuring generation of useful clinical data and patient safety. | Sean R Rudnick Jason D Conway Mark W Russo | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，8： | 4 |
| 19 | Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis显示文摘 | Katrin M Sjoquist Bryan H Burmeister B Mark Smithers John R Zalcberg R John Simes Andrew Barbour Val Gebski | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，7： | 4 |
| 20 | Neonatal vitamin A injection promotes cattle muscle growth and increases oxidative muscle fibers显示文摘Background: Vitamin A and its metabolite,retinoic acid(RA),are important regulators of cell differentiation and organ morphogenesis.Its impact on beef cattle muscle growth remains undefined.Method: Angus steer calves were administrated with 0(control) or 150,000 IU vitamin A(retinyl palmitate in glycerol,i.m.) per calf at birth and 1 month of age.At 2 months of age,a biopsy of the Biceps femoris muscle was obtained to analyze the immediate effects of vitamin A injection on myogenic capacity of muscle cells.The resulting steers were harvested at 14 months of age.Results: Vitamin A administration increased cattle growth at 2 months.At 2 months of age,Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7,MYF5,MYOD and MYOG.Muscle derived mononuclear cells were further isolated and induced myogenesis in vitro.More myotubes and a higher degree of myogenesis was observed in vitamin A groups.Consistently,vitamin A increased Latissimus dorsi(LD) muscle fiber size at harvest.In addition,vitamin A increased the ratio of oxidative type I and type IIA fibers and reduced the glycolic type IIX fibers.Furthermore,we found that RA,a key bioactive metabolite of vitamin A,activated PPARGC1 A promoter,which explains the upregulated expression of PPARGC1 A in skeletal muscle.Conclusion: Vitamin A administration to neonatal calves enhanced postnatal muscle growth by promoting myogenesis and increasing satellite cell density,accompanied with a shift to oxidative muscle fibers. | Bo Wang Wei Nie Xing Fu Jeanene M de Avila Yannan Ma Mei-Jun Zhu Martin Maquivar Steven M Parish Jan R Busboom Mark L Nelson Min Du | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，1： | 3 |
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