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| 1 | The prevalence and prevention of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China显示文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remarkable epidemiological features, including regional, racial, and familial aggregations. The aim of this review is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC and to propose possible causes for the high incidence patterns in southern China. Since the etiology of NPC is not completely understood, approaches to primary prevention of NPC remain under consideration. This situation highlights the need to conduct secondary prevention, including improving rates of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment in NPC patients. Since the 1970's, high-risk populations in southern China have been screened extensively for early detection of NPC using anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serum biomarkers. This review summarizes several large screening studies that have been conducted in the high-incidence areas of China. Screening markers, high-risk age range for screening, time intervals for blood re-examination, and the effectiveness of these screening studies will be discussed. Conduction of prospective randomized controlled screening trials in southern China can be expected to maximize the cost-effectiveness of early NPC detection screening. | Malcolm J. Simons | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2011，30，2： | 138 |
| 2 | Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute pancreatitis显示文摘Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a useful tool in the evaluation and management of acute pancreatitis. This review will focus on the role of ERCP in specific causes of acute pancreatitis, including microlithiasis and gallstone disease, pancreas divisum, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, tumors of the pancreaticobiliary tract, pancreatic pseudocysts, and pancreatic duct injury. Indications for endoscopic techniques such as biliary and pancreatic sphincterotomy, stenting, stricture dilation, treatment of duct leaks, drainage of fluid collections and stone extraction will also be discussed in this review. With the advent of less invasive and safer diagnostic modalities including endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), ERCP is appropriately becoming a therapeutic rather than diagnostic tool in the management of acute pancreatitis and its complications. | Karen R Canlas Malcolm S Branch | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，47： | 48 |
| 3 | CA19-9 antigen levels can distinguish between benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disease显示文摘BACKGROUND:CA19-9 is a carbohydrate tumor-associated antigen which is frequently upregulated in pancreatobiliary neoplasia.However,it may also be elevated in patients with jaundice in the absence of a tumor due to biliary obstruction,and in other non-hepato-pancreatico-biliary conditions.This study aimed to evaluate whether CA19-9 levels could accurately differentiate between benign and malignant pancreatobiliary disease.METHODS:All patients referred to a single surgeon for investigation of pancreaticobiliary disease in 2003 in whom a firm diagnosis had been established were included.For malignant disease,a histological diagnosis was required but for benign disease a firm radiological diagnosis was deemed adequate.The patients were divided into 4 categories:pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PCa);cholangiocarcinoma(CCa);chronic pancreatitis(CP)and biliary calculous disease(Calc).Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels corresponding to the point of assessment of CA19-9 were also noted.RESULTS:Final diagnoses were made of pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PCa,n=73),cholangiocarcinoma(CCa,n=19),ampullary carcinoma(Amp,n=7),neuroendocrine carcinoma(Neu,n=4),duodenal carcinoma(Duo,n=3),chronic pancreatitis(CP,n=115),and biliary calculous disease(Calc,n=27).Median CA19-9 levels(U/ml)were:PCa,653;CCa,408;Duo,403;Calc,27;CP,19;Neu,10.5;Amp,8(reference range:0-37).The CA19-9 levels were significantly greater for malignant than for benign disease,could differentiate PCa from CCa/Duo,and were significantly higher in unresectable than in resectable PCa.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)for CA19-9 were 84.9%,69.7%,67.7%and 86.1%,respectively.A ROC analysis provided an area under the curve for CA19-9 of 0.871(0.820-0.922),giving an optimal CA19-9 of 70.5 U/ml for differentiating benign from malignant pathology.Using this cut-off,the sensitivity was 82.1%,while specificity,PPV and NPV improved to 85.9%,81.3%and 86.5%,respectively.When standard radiology was included(US/ CT/MRCP)in the decision process,the results improved to 97.2%,88.7%,86.6%,and 97.7%.For benign disease,the CA19-9 correlated directly with the serum bilirubin,but for malignant disease,CA19-9 levels were elevated independent of the bilirubin level.CONCLUSIONS:CA19-9 is useful in the differentiation of pancreatobiliary disease and when using an optimized cut-off and combining with routine radiology,the diagnostic yield is improved significantly,thus stressing the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach to pancreatobiliary disease. | Gareth Morris-Stiff Mary Teli Nicky Jardine Malcolm CA Puntis | 2009 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2009，8，6： | 33 |
| 4 | Cellular and molecular aspects of gastric cancer显示文摘胃的癌症与变的负担仍然是一个全球杀手从发展了到发展中的世界。癌症沿着被定义由的一个多级式的过程发展不同组织学并且 pathophysiological 阶段。几基因、渐成说的改变调停从一个的转变上演到另外一个,这些在 oncogenes 包括变化,瘤压制或基因和房间骑车并且错配修理基因。在对胃的癌症的战斗的最重要的进展为这癌症作为最重要的获得的病因论的代理人与 Helicobacter pylori (H pylori ) 的角色的识别来了。最近的工作在阐明上集中了位于肿瘤的过程下面的复杂 host/microbial 相互作用。现在进这癌症的致病和阻止并且根除的前景有可观的卓见疾病成为了现实。也许更重要地, H 导致 pylori 的胃的致癌作用的学习为理解更复杂的人的癌症提供一个范例。在这评论,我们检验位于 H 下面的分子、细胞的事件导致 pylori 的胃的癌症。 | Malcolm G Smith Georgina L Hold Eiichi Tahara Emad M El-Omar | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，19： | 29 |
| 5 | Use of venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference to guide resuscitation therapy in septic shock显示文摘The mixed venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide(CO_2)tension difference[P(v-a) CO_2]is the difference between carbon dioxide tension(PCO_2) in mixed venous blood(sampled from a pulmonary artery catheter) and the PCO_2 in arterial blood.P(v-a) CO_2 depends on the cardiac output and the global CO_2 production,and on the complex relationship between PCO_2 and CO_2 content.Experimental and clinical studies support the evidence that P(v-a) CO_2 cannot serve as an indicator of tissue hypoxia,and should be regarded as an indicator of the adequacy of venous blood to wash out the total CO_2generated by the peripheral tissues.P(v-a) CO_2 can be replaced by the central venous-to-arterial CO_2 difference(△PCO_2),which is calculated from simultaneous sampling of central venous blood from a central vein catheter and arterial blood and,therefore,more easy to obtain at the bedside.Determining the △PCO_2 during the resuscitation of septic shock patients might be useful when deciding when to continue resuscitation despite a central venous oxygen saturation(SCVO_2) > 70%associated with elevated blood lactate levels.Because high blood lactate levels is not a discriminatory factor in determining the source of that stress,an increased △PCO_2(> 6 mmHg)could be used to identify patients who still remain inadequately resuscitated.Monitoring the △PCO_2 from the beginning of the reanimation of septic shock patients might be a valuable means to evaluate the adequacy of cardiac output in tissue perfusion and,thus,guiding the therapy.In this respect,it can aid to titrate inotropes to adjust oxygen delivery to CO_2 production,or to choose between hemoglobin correction or fluid/inotrope infusion in patients with a too low ScvO_2 related to metabolic demand.The combination of P(v-a) CO_2 or △PCO_2 with oxygen-derived parameters through the calculation of the P(v-a) CO_2 or △PCO_2/arteriovenous oxygen content difference ratio can detect the presence of global anaerobic metabolism. | Jihad Mallat Malcolm Lemyze Laurent Tronchon Beno?t Vallet Didier Thevenin | 2016 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2016，5，1： | 25 |
| 6 | 3D bioprinting for biomedical devices and tissue engineering: A review of recent trends and advances显示文摘3D printing,an additive manufacturing based technology for precise 3D construction,is currently widely employed to enhance applicability and function of cell laden scaffolds.Research on novel compatible biomaterials for bioprinting exhibiting fast crosslinking properties is an essential prerequisite toward advancing 3D printing applications in tissue engineering.Printability to improve fabrication process and cell encapsulation are two of the main factors to be considered in development of 3D bioprinting.Other important factors include but are not limited to printing fidelity,stability,crosslinking time,biocompatibility,cell encapsulation and proliferation,shear-thinning properties,and mechanical properties such as mechanical strength and elasticity.In this review,we recite recent promising advances in bioink development as well as bioprinting methods.Also,an effort has been made to include studies with diverse types of crosslinking methods such as photo,chemical and ultraviolet(UV).We also propose the challenges and future outlook of 3D bioprinting application in medical sciences and discuss the high performance bioinks. | Soroosh Derakhshanfar Rene Mbeleck Kaige Xu Xingying Zhang Wen Zhong Malcolm Xing | 2018 | Bioactive Materials2018，3，2： | 21 |
| 7 | Submucosal tunneling and endoscopic resection of submucosal tumors at the esophagogastric junction显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of submucosal tunneling and endoscopic resection(STER) for treating submucosal tumors(SMTs).METHODS: Between August 2012 and October 2013, 21 patients with SMTs originating from the muscularis propria(MP) layer at the esophagogastric junction were treated by STER of their tumors. Key steps of the procedure include:(1) mucosal incision: a 2-cm longitudinal mucosal incision was made 5 cm proximal to the tumor;(2) submucosal tunneling: a submucosal tunnel was created 5 cm proximal to and 1 to 2 cm distal to the tumor;(3) tumor resection: the SMT was resected under direct endoscopic viewing;(4) hemostasis: while finishing the tumor resection, careful hemostasis of the MP defect and the tunnel was performed; and(5) mucosal closure: the mucosal incision site was closed by using hemostatic clips. During the operation, equipment used included a cap-fitted endoscope, an insulatedtip knife, a hook knife, hemostatic forceps, an injection needle, a snare, an endoclip, and a high-frequency generator. Carbon dioxide(CO2) insufflation was achieved by using a CO2 insufflator.RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 46.2 years(range, 35-59 years), and the majority were male(18 male vs 3 female). Complete resection rate was 100%(21/21). Eighteen lesions were resected en bloc. Mean tumor size was 23 mm(range, 10-40 mm), and mean procedure time was 62.9 min(range, 45-90 min). Pathological diagnosis of these tumors included leiomyoma(15 out of 21) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor(6 out of 21). Full-thickness MP resection was performed in 9 of 21 patients(42.9%), with mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema occurring in all nine. At the completion of the procedure, all patients received closure of the incision with hemoclips. One patient required percutaneous drainage. The remaining 20patients required no further endoscopic or surgical intervention. There were no incidents of massive or delayed bleeding. The median follow-up period after the procedure was 6 mo(range, 2-14 mo). During followup, no patients were found to have residual or recurrent tumor or esophageal stricture.CONCLUSION: STER is safe, effective and feasible, which provides accurate histopathologic evaluation and curative treatment for SMTs originating from the MP layer at the esophagogastric junction. | De-Jun Zhou Zhen-Bo Dai Malcolm M Wells Dan-Lei Yu Jing Zhang Lei Zhang | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，2： | 20 |
| 8 | Liver alveolar echinococcosis in China: Clinical aspect with relative basic research显示文摘This paper deals with all aspects of liver alveolar echinococcosis (AE) including epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, surgical treatment and chemotherapy.The review is not only based on personal clinical experiences but also in combination with relative basic research such as proliferation and growth of alveococcus, preclinical studies of a novel compound extracted from TCM for treatment of liver AE, and molecular immunology used for specific AE diagnosis, etc. | Ci-Peng Jiang McManus Don Malcolm Jones | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，30： | 19 |
| 9 | Impact of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise and short-term interval training on interleukin-6, FNDC5, and METRNL mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle显示文摘Background: Exercise promotes numerous phenotypic adaptations in skeletal muscle that contribute to improved function and metabolic capacity. An emerging body of evidence suggests that skeletal muscle also releases a myriad of factors during exercise, termed 'myokines'. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on the acute regulation of the mRNA expression of several myokines, including the prototypical myokine interleukin-6(IL-6), and recently identified myokines fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)(irisin) and meteorin-like protein(METRNL).Methods: Both before and after a 20-day period of twice-daily high-volume HIIT, 9 healthy males(20.5 ± 1.5 years performed a standardized bout of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE; 5 × 4 min at ~80% pretraining peak power output) with skeletal muscle biopsy samples(vastus lateralis) obtained at rest, immediately following exercise, and at 3 h recovery.Results: Before training, a single bout of HIIE increased IL-6(p < 0.05) and METRNL(p < 0.05) mRNA expression measured at 3 h recovery when compared to rest. Following 20 days of HIIT, IL-6 and FNDC5 mRNA were increased at 3 h recovery from the standardized HIIE bout when compared to rest(both p < 0.05). Resting METRNL and FNDC5 mRNA expression were higher following training(p < 0.05), and there was an overall increase in FNDC5 mRNA post-training(main effect of training, p < 0.05).Conclusion: In human skeletal muscle(1) an acute bout of HIIE can induce upregulation of skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA both before and after a period of intensified HIIT;(2) Resting and overall FNDC5 mRNA expression is increased by 20 days of HIIT; and(3) METRNL mRNA expression is responsive to both acute HIIE and short-term intense HIIT. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings at the protein and secretion level in humans. | Malcolm Eaton Cesare Granata Julianne Barry Adeel Safdar David Bishop Jonathan P.Little | 2018 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2018，7，2： | 15 |
| 10 | 早期头颅成形术和神经学改善显示文摘在减压的颅骨切除术后,头颅成形术普遍用于美容和对大脑的保护。传统上,外科医生会在头颅成形术前等数月来使最初的创伤恢复。这项系统回顾评估了头颅成形术在神经功能方面的效果,以及进一步确定是否手术的选择时间会影响恢复。进行了一项对1990年1月到2016年4月已发表文献的系统回顾。 | 金丹丹 顾旭东 Malcolm JG Rindler RS Chu JK | 2018 | 中国康复2018，33，3： | 15 |
| 11 | ZnO nanofluids-A potential antibacterial agent显示文摘In this work, ZnO nanofluids were produced by a medium mill with a pH value of about 7.2 and characterized by Nano-Sizer and SEM. After milling, ZnO nanofluids were formed with an average particle size of 198.4 nm. The ZnO nanofluids used for testing were stored for different periods (1-, 90- and 120-day) and kept in different conditions (under the light and in the dark). The antibacterial activities of these ZnO nanofluids were evaluated by estimating the reduction ratio of the bacteria treated with ZnO. The results showed that the ZnO nanofluid stored for 120 days under the light had the best antibacterial behavior against Escherichia coli DH5a. SEM images suggest that an interaction between the ZnO particles and the E. coli bacteria cells caused by electrostatic forces might be a mechanism. | Lingling Zhang Yulong Ding Malcolm Povey David York | 2008 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2008，18，8： | 13 |
| 12 | Mechanization technology:The key to sugarcane production in China显示文摘Sugarcane is an important cash crop in southern China now planted on about 1.5 million ha in the main production areas in Guangxi,Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan,Guangdong,and Hainan Provinces.Since the cost of labor in China is increasing rapidly and the price of local sugar is uncompetitive with the product from mechanized international producers,China needs to change its sugarcane production methods from manual work to mechanization in order to catch up with international trends in this global industry.Although a lot of effort in China have gone into sugarcane mechanization since the 1960s,the overall level of mechanization in sugarcane production is still only approximately 30%,which is about 20%lower than that achieved in the other main field crops.Almost all of the sugarcane grown in China is still harvested by hand.In order to summarize past experience and promote the mechanization of sugarcane production in China,this paper reviews the whole process of developing mechanization since 1960s and describes the current state of sugarcane mechanization in China.The research currently being undertaken and the main obstacles to be overcome in developing a mechanized sugarcane production system,are described.The design and testing of sugarcane harvesting machinery and its key components has been a significant research area by some Chinese universities,research institutes,and manufacturing companies in these past decades.This paper reviews that research and outlines the main achievements which have been made in this area.Mechanized harvesting systems for sugarcane,and the appropriate harvesting patterns suitable for different growing conditions applying in China,have also been studied.The paper concludes with some comments on the future directions for progress in China’s mechanization of sugarcane production and some policy suggestions to facilitate the industry's transition. | Ou Yinggang Malcolm Wegener Yang Dantong Liu Qingting Zheng Dingke Wang Meimei Liu Haochun | 2013 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2013，6，1： | 13 |
| 13 | Prognostic value of M30/M65 for outcome of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure显示文摘AIM:To determine the prognostic value of circulating indicators of cell death in acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection as the single etiology.METHODS:Full length and caspase cleaved cytokeratin 18(detected as M65 and M30 antigens)represent circulating indicators of necrosis and apoptosis.M65and M30 were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 169 subjects including healthy controls(n=33),patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB,n=55)and patients with ACLF(n=81).According to the 3-mo survival period,ACLF patients were defined as having spontaneous recovery(n=33)and non-spontaneous recovery which included deceased patients and those who required liver transplantation(n=48).RESULTS:Both biomarker levels significantly increased gradually as liver disease progressed(for M65:P<0.001 for all;for M30:control vs CHB,P=0.072;others:P<0.001 for all).In contrast,the M30/M65 ratio was significantly higher in controls compared with CHB patients(P=0.010)or ACLF patients(P<0.001).In addition,the area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)analysis demonstrated that both biomarkers had diagnostic value(AUC≥0.80)in identifying ACLF from CHB patients.Interestingly,it is worth noting that the M30/M65 ratio was significantly different between spontaneous and non-spontaneous recovery in ACLF patients(P=0.032).The prognostic value of the M30/M65 ratio was compared with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)and Child-Pugh scores at the 3-mo survival period,the AUC of the M30/M65ratio was 0.66 with a sensitivity of 52.9%and the highest specificity of 92.6%(MELD:AUC=0.71;sensitivity,79.4%;specificity,63.0%;Child-Pugh:AUC=0.77;sensitivity,61.8%;specificity,88.9%).CONCLUSION:M65 and M30 are strongly associated with liver disease severity.The M30/M65 ratio may be a potential prognostic marker for spontaneous recovery in patients with HBV-related ACLF. | Su-Jun Zheng Shuang Liu Mei Liu Malcolm A McCrae Jun-Feng Li Yuan-Ping Han Chun-Hui Xu Feng Ren Yu Chen Zhong-Ping Duan | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 13 |
| 14 | Rotational assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with reconstructive gastrointestinal surgical anatomy显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the success rates of performing therapy utilizing a rotational assisted enteroscopy device in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in surgically altered anatomy patients. METHODS: Between June 1, 2009 and November 8, 2012, we performed 42 ERCPs with the use of rotational enteroscopy for patients with altered anatomy(39 with gastric bypass Roux-en-Y, 2 with Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy, and 1 with hepaticojejunostomy associated with liver transplant). The indications for ERCP were: choledocholithiasis: 13 of 42(30.9%), biliary obstruction suggested on imaging: 20 of 42(47.6%), suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: 4 of 42(9.5%), abnormal liver enzymes: 1 of 42(2.4%), ascending cholangitis: 2 of 42(4.8%), and bile leak: 2 of 42(4.8%). All procedures were completed with the Olympus SIF-Q180 enteroscope and the Endo-Ease Discovery SB overtube produced by Spirus Medical. RESULTS: Successful visualization of the major ampulla was accomplished in 32 of 42 procedures(76.2%). Cannulation of the bile duct was successful in 26 of 32 procedures reaching the major ampulla(81.3%). Successful therapeutic intervention was completed in 24 of 26 procedures in which the bileduct was cannulated(92.3%). The overall intention to treat success rate was 64.3%. In terms of cannulation success, the intention to treat success rate was 61.5%. Ten out of forty two patients(23.8%) required admission to the hospital after procedure for abdominal pain and nausea, and 3 of those 10 patients(7.1%) had a diagnosis of post-ERCP pancreatitis. The average hospital stay was 3 d.CONCLUSION: It is reasonable to consider an attempt at rotational assisted ERCP prior to a surgical intervention to alleviate biliary complications in patients with altered surgical anatomy. | Majed El Zouhairi James B Watson Svetang V Desai David K Swartz Alejandra Castillo-Roth Mahfuzul Haque Paul S Jowell Malcolm S Branch Rebecca A Burbridge | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，3： | 10 |
| 15 | Identification of Differentially Senescing Mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield,Biomass and Nitrogen Partitioning显示文摘Increasing photosynthetic capacity by extending canopy longevity during grain filling using slow senescing stay-green genotypes is a possible means to improve yield in wheat. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutated wheat lines (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Paragon) were screened for fast and slow canopy senescence to investigate the impact on yield and nitrogen partitioning. Stay-green and fast-senescing lines with similar anthesis dates were characterised in detail. Delayed senescence was only apparent at higher nitrogen supply with low nitrogen supply enhancing the rate of senescence in all lines. In the stay-green line 3 (SG3), on a whole plant basis, tiller and seed number increased whilst thousand grain weight (TGW) decreased; although a greater N uptake was observed in the main tiller, yield was not affected. In fast-senescing line 2 (FS2), yield decreased, principally as a result of decreased TGW. Analysis of N-partitioning in the main stem indicated that although the slow-senescing line had lower biomass and consequently less nitrogen in all plant parts, the proportion of biomass and nitrogen in the flag leaf was greater at anthesis compared to the other lines; this contributed to the grain N and yield of the slow-senescing line at maturity in both the main tiller and in the whole plant. A field trial confirmed senescence patterns of the two lines, and the negative impact on yield for FS2 and a positive impact for SG3 at low N only. The lack of increased yield in the slow-senescing line was likely due to decreased biomass and additionally a possible sink limitation. | Adinda P.Derkx Simon Orford Simon Griffiths M.John Foulkes Malcolm J. Hawkesford | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2012，54，8： | 9 |
| 16 | 半边旗提取物5F对非小细胞肺癌NCI-H460细胞生长的抑制作用显示文摘目的研究半边旗提取物5F对非小细胞肺癌NCI-H460细胞生长的抑制作用。方法MTT法检测5F对NCI-H460细胞的生长抑制作用;用PI-Hoechst荧光双染法和TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡;流式细胞仪检测5F对DNA含量的影响。结果5F抑制NCI-H460细胞的生长,其效果与5F的浓度和作用时间相关,24、48、72h的IC50分别为:21.40、4.52、1.02μg/ml;荧光双染色法显示经5F作用后细胞出现变形,染色质浓缩,产生凋亡小体;细胞被阻滞在G2/M期。结论5F在体外能有效地抑制NCI-H460细胞的生长,其作用可能是通过诱导其凋亡产生的。 | 刘义 吴科锋 李立 George G CHEN Michael KY HSIN Malcolm J UNDERWOOD 梁念慈 | 2009 | 肿瘤防治研究2009，36，1： | 9 |
| 17 | Ultrasound particle sizing:A review显示文摘Ultrasound spectrometry is one of very few methods that can size particles over the range 10 nm to 1 mm for optically opaque,undiluted materials.It has in-line,non-invasive capabilities which make it a serious contender for use in industrial process monitoring,with the potential for 100%inspection.In aqueous systems,it is more sensitive to nanoparticles than to particles in the micrometre range upwards because the scattering power varies as the inverse square of particle diameter,making it suitable for the detection of nanoparticles in concentrated,mixed systems.Future development of ultrasound spectrometers suitable for widespread laboratory and industrial use depends on meeting the challenges of complex data interpretation and the need for considerable know how.In this review we provide a brief account of ultrasound propagation and scattering theory which underlies the ultrasound spectrometer,describe several types of spectrometer and demonstrate its successful use in the characterization of colloidal silica,whole milk and protein solutions. | Malcolm J.W.Povey | 2013 | Particuology2013，11，2： | 8 |
| 18 | 胞浆型磷脂酶A_2基因多态性与精神分裂症的关系显示文摘目的 :分析印度人群钙依赖性胞浆型磷脂酶 A2 (c PL A2 ) Ban I限制性内切酶基因多态性与精神分裂症的相互关系。 方法 :应用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)限制性片段长度多态性 (RFL P)方法 ,在 89例精神分裂症患者和 78例健康人群中观察比较 c PL A2 等位基因和基因型频数分布。 结果 :PCR产物的 Ban I限制性酶切片段于 c PL A2 基因第一非编码区显示多态性位点 ,命名为位点 A;患者组和健康对照组 c PL A2 等位基因频数呈显著差异 (P<0 .0 2 ) ;精神分裂症患者显示 A2 / A2 纯合基因型显著增加 (P<0 .0 2 )。 结论 :c PL A2 基因多态性与印度人群精神分裂症相关联 ;c PL A2 基因可能为精神分裂症候选基因之一 ,或与其他致病基因呈连锁不平衡。 | 张志珺 Wei Jun Shah Sandeep Malcolm Peet | 2001 | 临床精神医学杂志2001，11，1： | 8 |
| 19 | The relations between density of FACs in the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layers and Kp index显示文摘We have studied 172 field-aligned currents(FACs) cases observed by the ClusterII satellites when they crossed the plasma sheet boundary layer(PSBL) in the magnetotail from July to October 2001.We mainly analyzed the relationship between the characteristic of FACs at the PSBL in magnetotail and the Kp index.The main results indicated the followings:1) In the different geomagnetic activity levels,the relative occurrence of FACs in PSBL increased monotonically with geomagnetic activity.2) The density of FACs in PSBL increased monotonically with Kp index.In the storm main phase,the density of FACs increased dramatically,the maximum FACs approximately equaled 19.05 nA m 2 while Kp equaled 5.3) The variation of FACs density in PSBL was consistent with the variation of the Kp index.However,when AE<800 nT,FACs density in PSBL increased with increasing AE,and when AE>800 nT,it decreased with increasing AE.Therefore,our results suggested that the FACs density in PSBL had a closer correlation with Kp index. | CHENG ZhengWei SHI JianKui ZHANG TieLong DUNLOP Malcolm LIU ZhenXing | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，11： | 8 |
| 20 | Multi-spacecraft observations of earthward flow bursts显示文摘On the basis of the plasma, electric and magnetic fields jointly observed by Cluster and the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft in the Earth's magnetotail, we have investigated the earthward flow bursts by introducing the momentum equation in the X-direction in the ideal conditions of magneto hydrodynamics (MHD). One earthward flow burst with a peak in excess of 500 km/s was selected, when the four spacecraft of Cluster were located around ?16 RE and TC-1 was located around ?10 RE in the X-direction. The inter-spacecraft distances in Y and Z directions were smaller than the statistical spatial scales of the bursty bulk flows. When the Y components of E and ?V×B were compared, there was no clear breakdown of the frozen-in condition during the earthward flow burst. With the measured plasma and magnetic parameters from two spacecraft at different positions in the magnetotail, the X component of the pressure gradient was calculated. Magnetic tension was calculated using the magnetic field measured at four points, which could be compared with the assumed constant in the past research with single satellite. When the pressure gradient and the magnetic tension were put into the MHD momentum equation, some samples of the earthward flow bursts were accelerated and some were decelerated. The braking process of the earthward flow burst was more complicated than what the past results had shown. The accelerated samples accounted for about one third of the whole earthward flow bursts and discontinuously located among the decelerated elements. The original single earthward flow burst event might be split into several short flow bursts when it was moving to the Earth. Our results may partly illustrate that the duration of fast flows during three phases of substorm becomes short near the Earth. The results are consistent with the past results that fast flows intrude to places earthward the typical braking region. | MA YuDuan CAO JinBin REME Henry DANDOURAS Iannis DUNLOP Malcolm LUCEK Elisabeth | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，5： | 8 |
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