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| 1 | Developing a bacteriophage cocktail for biocontrol of potato bacterial wilt显示文摘Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of potato and can cause an 80% production loss. To control wilt using bacteriophage therapy, we isolated and characterized twelve lytic bacteriophages from different water sources in Kenya and China. Based on the lytic curves of the phages with the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, one optimal bacteriophage cocktail, P1, containing six phage isolations was formulated and used for studying wilt prevention and treatment efficiency in potato plants growing in pots. The preliminary tests showed that the phage cocktail was very effective in preventing potato bacterial wilt by injection of the phages into the plants or decontamination of sterilized soil spiked with R. solanacearum. Eighty percent of potato plants could be protected from the bacterial wilt(caused by R. solanacearum reference strain GIM1.74 and field isolates), and the P1 cocktail could kill 98% of live bacteria spiked in the sterilized soil at one week after spraying.However, the treatment efficiencies of P1 depended on the timing of application of the phages, the susceptibility of the plants to the bacterial wilt, as well as the virulence of the bacteria infected,suggesting that it is important to apply the phage therapy as soon as possible once there are early signs of the bacterial wilt. These results provide the basis for the development of bacteriophagebased biocontrol of potato bacterial wilt as an alternative to the use of antibiotics. | Cuihua Wei Junli Liu Alice Nyarnbura Maina Francis B Mwaura Junping Yu Chenghui Yan Ruofang Zhang Hongping Wei | 2017 | Virologica Sinica2017，32，6： | 8 |
| 2 | A composite particle swarm algorithm for global optimization of multimodal functions显示文摘During the last decade,many variants of the original particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm have been proposed for global numerical optimization,but they usually face many challenges such as low solution quality and slow convergence speed on multimodal function optimization.A composite particle swarm optimization(CPSO)for solving these difficulties is presented,in which a novel learning strategy plus an assisted search mechanism framework is used.Instead of simple learning strategy of the original PSO,the proposed CPSO combines one particle's historical best information and the global best information into one learning exemplar to guide the particle movement.The proposed learning strategy can reserve the original search information and lead to faster convergence speed.The proposed assisted search mechanism is designed to look for the global optimum.Search direction of particles can be greatly changed by this mechanism so that the algorithm has a large chance to escape from local optima.In order to make the assisted search mechanism more efficient and the algorithm more reliable,the executive probability of the assisted search mechanism is adjusted by the feedback of the improvement degree of optimal value after each iteration.According to the result of numerical experiments on multimodal benchmark functions such as Schwefel,Rastrigin,Ackley and Griewank both with and without coordinate rotation,the proposed CPSO offers faster convergence speed,higher quality solution and stronger robustness than other variants of PSO. | 谭冠政 鲍琨 Richard Maina Rimiru | 2014 | Journal of Central South University2014，21，5： | 7 |
| 3 | Genetics of seed flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)显示文摘Information about the type of gene action governing the inheritance of cowpea seed flavonoid content and antioxidant activity is prerequisite for starting an effective breeding program for developing improved varieties. For this purpose, half-diallel crosses among seven diverse parents were made. The homozygous parents and 21 F1 hybrids were evaluated at Maroua in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Flour samples produced from decorticated seeds were used for biochemical analysis. Analysis of variance showed significant differences(P < 0.001) among genotypes for the studied traits with ranges of 363.6–453.9 mg rutin equivalent per 100 g dry weight(DW) for total flavonoids, 13.38–30.73 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per 1 g DW for ferric iron reducing activity, 70.98–266.93 mg trolox equivalent per 100 g DW for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and 90.93–370.62 mg trolox equivalent per 100 g DW for 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) free radical scavenging activity. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were significant in the genetic control of these traits, but dominance variance was greater than additive variance. The traits were mainly controlled by overdominance model suggesting a selection in the delayed generations.Broad- and narrow-sense heritability estimates varied from 0.90 to 0.99 and from 0.12 to 0.45,respectively. The variances due to both general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all studied traits. Recessive alleles had positive effects on DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, whereas dominant alleles had positive effects on flavonoid content and ferric iron reducing activity. These results could help cowpea breeders to improve the antioxidant potential of cowpea seeds by appropriate selection. | Maina Antoine Nassourou Yanou Nicolas Njintang Tchiagam Jean-Baptiste Noubissié Richard Marcel Nguimbou Joseph Martin Bell | 2016 | The Crop Journal2016，4，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Bacteriophages Isolated in China for the Control of Pectobacterium carotovorum Causing Potato Soft Rot in Kenya显示文摘Soft rot is an economically significant disease in potato and one of the major threats to sustainable potato production.This study aimed at isolating lytic bacteriophages and evaluating methods for and the efficacy of applying phages to control potato soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum.Eleven bacteriophages isolated from soil and water samples collected in Wuhan,China,were used to infect P.carotovorum host strains isolated from potato tubers showing soft rot symptoms in Nakuru county,Kenya.The efficacy of the phages in controlling soft rot disease was evaluated by applying individual phage strains or a phage cocktail on potato slices and tubers at different time points before or after inoculation with a P.carotovorum strain.The phages could lyse 20 strains of P.carotovorum,but not Pseudomonas fluorescens control strains.Among the 11 phages,Pectobacterium phage Wc5r,interestingly showed cross-activity against Pectobacterium atrosepticum and two phage-resistant P.carotovorum strains.Potato slice assays showed that the phage concentration and timing of application are crucial factors for effective soft rot control.Phage cocktail applied at a concentration of 1×10^9 plaque-forming units per milliliter before or within an hour after bacterial inoculation on potato slices,resulted in>90%reduction of soft rot symptoms.This study provides a basis for the development and application of phages to reduce the impact of potato soft rot disease. | Peter Muturi Junping Yu Alice Nyambura Maina Samuel Kariuki Frantis B.Mwaura Hongping Wei | 2019 | Virologica Sinica2019，34，3： | 4 |
| 5 | Diallel analyses of soluble sugar content in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp.)显示文摘The content of soluble sugar in cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seeds is important for their acceptability to consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic control of soluble sugar content in cowpea using diallel analysis. For this purpose,half-diallel crosses were made among seven diverse parents. The amount of total soluble sugar was estimated by the phenol sulfuric acid reagent method and reducing sugar were measured by the DNS(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) reagent method. The total soluble sugar ranged from 11.12(VYA) to 40.79 mg g^(-1)(IT93 K-693-2) with a mean of 22.31 mg g^(-1).Reducing soluble sugar showed a mean value of 9.11 mg g^(-1) and ranged from 13.61(TVx3236) to 4.98 mg g^(-1)(Lori niebe). Diallel analysis showed that both additive and non-additive gene effects were significant in the genetic control of these traits. However,dominance variance was greater than additive variance for soluble sugar. The traits were controlled mainly by an overdominance model, suggesting the advantage of delaying selection to later generations. Soluble sugar content was found to be highly heritable, with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.987 to 0.976. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from0.154 to 0.422 and revealed the lower importance of additive variance. Parents and F_1 hybrids differed significantly on the basis of their general and specific combining abilities,respectively. Recessive alleles had positive effects on total soluble sugar and reducing soluble sugar. These results could help cowpea breeders improve the acceptability of cowpea seeds and cowpea-based foods by appropriate selection. | Maina Antoine Nassourou Tchiagam Jean Baptiste Noubissié Yanou Nicolas Njintang Joseph Martin Bell | 2017 | The Crop Journal2017，5，6： | 3 |
| 6 | Development ofLeishmania vaccines:predicting the future from past and present experience显示文摘Leishmaniasis is a disease that ranges in severity from skin lesions to serious disfigurement and fatal systemic infection. Resistance to infection is associated with a T-helper-1 immune response that activates macrophages to kill the intracellular parasite in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Conversely, disease progression is generally associated with a T-helper-2 response that activates humoral immunity. Current control is based on chemotherapeutic treatments which are expensive, toxic and associated with high relapse and resistance rates. Vaccination remains the best hope for control of all forms of the disease, and the development of a safe, effective and affordable antileishmanial vaccine is a critical global public-health priority. Extensive evidence from studies in animal models indicates that solid protection can be achieved by immunization with defined subunit vaccines or live-attenuated strains of Leishmania. However, to date, no vaccine is available despite substantial efforts by many labo-ratories. Major impediments in Leishmania vaccine development include: lack of adequate funding from national and international agencies, problems related to the translation of data from animal models to human disease, and the transition from the laboratory to the field. Furthermore, a thorough understanding of protective immune responses and generation and maintenance of the immunological memory, an important but least-studied aspect of antiparasitic vaccine development, during Leishmania infection is needed. This review focuses on the progress of the search for an effective vaccine against human and canine leishmaniasis. | Joshua Muli Mutiso John Chege Macharia Maria Ndunge Kiio James Maina Ichagichu Hitler Rikoi Michael Muita Gicheru | 2013 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2013，27，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Axi-symmetric analysis of elastic multilayer system considering interface slips显示文摘 | MATSUI K MAINA J W INOUE T | 2002 | International Journal of Pavement2002，1，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Molecular genetic analysis of FIH-1, FH, and SDHB candidate tumour suppressor genes in renal cell carcinoma显示文摘 | Morris MR Maina E Morgan NV | 2004 | J Clin Pathol2004，57，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Oxiraeetam in the treatment of primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia : a double-blind, placebo-controlled study显示文摘 | Maina G Fiofi L Torta R | 1989 | Neuropsychobiology1989，21，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Clinical predictors of health--related quality of life in obsessive--compulsive disorder 显示文摘 | Albert U Maina G Bogetto F | 2010 | Compr Psychiatry2010，51，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Oxiraee tam in the treatment of primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia a double- blind, placebo-controlled study显示文摘 | Maina G Finfi L Torta R | 1989 | Neur opsychobiology1989，21，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Hepatitis B surface antigen serum levels help to distinguish active from inactive hepatitis B virus genotype D carriers 显示文摘 | Brunetto MR Oliveri F Colombatto P Moriconi F Ciccorossi P Coco B Romagnoli V Cherubini B Moscato G Maina AM Cavallone D Bonino F | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，139，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Transient elastography : a new surrogate marker of liver fibrosis influenced by major changes of transaminases 显示文摘 | Coco B Oliveri F Maina AM | 2007 | J Viral Hepat2007，14，5： | 1 |
| 14 | 8-week, single-blind, random- ized trial comparing risperidone versus olanzapine augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-com- pulsive disorder 显示文摘 | Maina G Pessina E Albert U | 2008 | Eur Neuropsychopharmacol2008，18，： | 1 |
| 15 | Family accom-modation in obsessive-compulsive disorder:relationto symptom dimensions,clinical and family characteris-tics显示文摘 | Albert U Bogetto F Maina G | 2010 | Psychiatry Res2010，179，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Use of fly ash, bottom ash and zeolite as additives for enhancing lime reactivity towards flue gas desulfurization 显示文摘 | MAINA P MBARA WA M | 2013 | Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy2013，32，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Seasonal response of Chlorophyll a/b ra-tio to stress in a typical desert species:Haloxylon ammoden-dron显示文摘 | Maina J N Wang Q | 2015 | Arid Land Research And Management2015，29，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Transient elastogra-phy:a new surrogate marker of liver fibrosis influenced by-major changes oftransaminases显示文摘 | Coco B Oliveri F Maina AM | 2007 | J Viral Hepat2007，14，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Brief dynamic therapy and depres- sion severity: a single-blind, randomized study显示文摘 | Rosso G Martini B Maina G | 2013 | J Affect Disord2013，147，13： | 1 |
| 20 | Identification of novel VHL targets that are associated with the development of renal cell carcinoma显示文摘 | Abdulrahman M Maina N E Morris M R | 2007 | Oncogene2007，26，： | 1 |
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