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| 1 | 双频双脉冲(ND:YAG)激光机和钬(Ho:YAG)激光机在结石上移和碎石效率方面的体外比较显示文摘目的为了比较FREDDY激光机、钬激光机和气压弹道碎石机在结石上移和碎石方面的临床效果。方法上移的水下试验装置包括一个水平方向放置的硅树脂导管(直径为1.3cm),和一个固定支架,使激光机的石英光纤和气压弹道碎石机的撞针可以直接接触石头。将预先称过重的圆柱状Bego石头(BegoUSA公司提供)放于该装置中,分别由FREDDY激光机、钬激光机和气压弹道碎石机进行碎石。FREDDY激光机和钬激光机都采用相近的脉冲能量和频率。为了具有可比性,气压弹道碎石机采用了半硬性撞针和单脉冲,在100、200、300kPa各档压力设置下分别对石头进行30次撞击。“平均后退距离”定义为直接测得的石头最终静止点到原点的距离(每档设置都记录测试结果)。另外,两台激光机分别对称过重的石头(熟石膏成分)进行碎石,以比较碎石效果。石头固定于一个水下装置(由一个倒置的硅注射器和一个固定装置组成)中。激光光纤(钬激光和FREDDY激光的光纤内径分别是365μm和280μm)穿过注射器的针头出来抵住石头。总共24颗石头被分成4组,每组6颗,其中两组用FREDDY激光分别以300J和400J的总能量碎石,另两组用钬激光分别以300J和480J的总能量碎石。“碎石率”定义为石头重量缺失的百分比。结果FREDDY激光机在能量设置为160mJ时,分别以5、10和15Hz的频率碎石,石头的平均后退距离为7.6、8.1和6.8cm;钬激光机在能量设置为0.8J时,分别以5和10Hz的频率碎石,石头的平均后退距离为3.3和4.9cm;气压弹道碎石机在压力设置分别为100、200、300kPa时,石头的平均后退距离为8.5、9.9和13.8cm。一般来说,FREDDY激光机造成的石头后退距离都要少于气压弹道碎石机,尽管这只有在后者处于最高压力设置时才有统计意义(p<0.05)。而FREDDY激光机造成的石头后退距离要多于钬激光机,在临床上常见的设置中有统计意义(p<0.05)。FREDDY激光机以300J和400J的总能量碎石时,石头重量的缺失率分别为44.9%和86.8%,都有统计意义(p<0.05);钬激光机以300J和480J的总能量碎石时,石头重量的缺失率分别为3.3%和7.1%,都有统计意义(p<0.05)。结论FREDDY激光机造成的石头后退距离要明显大于钬激光机(在低频设置时),但又明显少于气压弹道碎石机(在所有设置时)。因此我们建议,在进行腔内输尿管镜碎石术,或在输尿管肾盂连接处进行腔内激光碎石术时,于接近结石处使用阻断装置,如StoneCone-石椎(BostonScientific公司提供)。FREDDY激光机在体外碎石的效率要明显好于钬激光机,对于结石病人来说,前者是个更优、更经济的选择。 | Charles G.Marguet Jeff C.Sung W.Patrick Springhart James O.F.L'esperance Songlin Zhou Per Zhong David M.Albala Glenn M.Preminger 廖国强(译) 袁涛(校) | 2005 | 国外医学(泌尿系统分册)2005，25，6： | 3 |
| 2 | Simultaneous combined use of flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy to reduce the number of access tracts in the management of complex renal calculi显示文摘 | Charles G.Marguet W. PatrickSpringhart Yeh H.Tan AnupPatel ShabnamUndre David M.Albala Glenn M.Preminger | 2005 | BJU International2005，，7： | 1 |
| 3 | Defining metabolic activity of nephrolithiasis--Appropriate evaluation and follow-up of stone formers显示文摘Considering the variation in metabolic evaluation and medical management of kidney stone disease,this consensus review was created to discuss the metabolic activity of nephrolithiasis,define the difference between single and recurrent stone formers,and develop a schema for metabolic and radiologic follow-up.A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies of metabolic evaluation and follow-up of patients with nephrolithiasis.Both single and recurrent stone formers share many similarities in metabolic profiles.The study group determined that based on an assessment of risk for stone recurrence and metabolic activity,single and recurrent stone formers should be evaluated comprehensively,including two 24 h urine studies on a random diet.Targeted medication and dietary recommendations are effective for many patients in reducing the risk of stone recurrence.Follow-up of those with stone disease should be obtained depending on the level of metabolic activity of the patient,the risk of chronic kidney disease and the risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia.A standard scheme includes a baseline metabolic profile,a repeat study 3e6 months after initiation of treatment,and then yearly when stable,with abdominal imaging obtained every 1-2 years. | Daniel A.Wollin Adam G.Kaplan Glenn M.Preminger Pietro Manuel Ferraro Antonio Nouvenne Andrea Tasca Emanuele Croppi Giovanni Gambaro Ita P.Heilberg | 2018 | Asian Journal of Urology2018，5，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Simultaneous combined use of flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy to reduce the number of access tracts in the management of complex renal calculi显示文摘 | Charles G.Marguet W. PatrickSpringhart Yeh H.Tan AnupPatel ShabnamUndre David M.Albala Glenn M.Preminger | 2005 | BJU International2005，，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Metabolic abnormalities associated with calyceal diverticular stones显示文摘 | BRIAN K.AUGE MICHAELLA E.MALONEY BARBARA J.MATHIAS PAUL K.PIETROW GLENN M.PREMINGER | 2006 | BJU International2006，，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Simultaneous combined use of flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy to reduce the number of access tracts in the management of complex renal calculi显示文摘 | Charles G.Marguet W. PatrickSpringhart Yeh H.Tan AnupPatel ShabnamUndre David M.Albala Glenn M.Preminger | 2005 | BJU International2005，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Metabolic evaluation and medical management of staghorn calculi显示文摘Staghorn renal calculi are large renal calculi that occupy nearly the entirety of the renal collecting system.They may be composed of metabolic or infection stone types.They are often associated with specific metabolic defects.Infection stones are associated with urease-producing bacterial urinary tract infections.The ideal treatment for staghorn calculi is maximal surgical removal.However,some patients are either unwilling or unable to proceed with that modality of treatment,and therefore other management must be used.One such technique is the metabolic evaluation with directed medical management.Based on contemporary evidence that the majority of staghorn stones are metabolic in etiology,and furthermore that even infection stones are usually associated with metabolic abnormalities,metabolic evaluation with directed medical management is recommended for all staghorn stone formers.The scientific basis of this recommendation is reviewed in the present work. | Russell STerry Glenn M.Preminger | 2020 | Asian Journal of Urology2020，7，2： | 1 |
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