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| 1 | Complexity of vitamin E metabolism显示文摘Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e., when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant α-tocopherol-transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non-α-tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4-dependent ω-hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent β-oxidation, and forms the water-soluble end-product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their sidechain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side-chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented. | Lisa Schmolz Marc Birringer Stefan Lorkowski Maria Wallert | 2016 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2016，7，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Regulatory metabolites of vitamin E and their putative relevance for atherogenesis显示文摘 | Maria Wallert Lisa Schm?lz Francesco Galli Marc Birringer Stefan Lorkowski | 2014 | Redox Biology2014，，： | 1 |
| 3 | TGF-beta1 generates a specific multicomponent extracellular matrix in human coronary SMCs显示文摘 | Schmidt A Lorkowski S Seidler D | 2006 | Eur J Clin Invest2006，36，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Causes and consequences of hand injuries 显示文摘 | TRYBUS M LORKOWSKI J BRONGEL L | 2006 | Am J Surg2006，192，1： | 1 |
| 5 | TIP47,a lipid cargo protein involved in macrophage triglyceride metabolism显示文摘 | Buers I Robenek H Lorkowski S | 2009 | Arte-rioscl Throm Vasc Biol2009，29，： | 1 |
| 6 | α‐Tocopherol long‐chain metabolite α‐13’‐COOH affects the inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide‐activated murine RAW264.7 macrophages显示文摘 | Maria Wallert Lisa Schm?lz Andreas Koeberle Verena Krauth Michael Glei Francesco Galli Oliver Werz Marc Birringer Stefan Lorkowski | 2015 | Mol. Nutr. Food Res2015，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Susceptibility to coronary artery disease and diabetes is encoded by distinct, tightly linked SNPs in the ANRIL locus on chromosome 9p 显示文摘 | BroadbentHM PedenJF LorkowskiS etM | 2008 | 17 (6): 806-8142008，17，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Production of type Ⅵ collagen by human macrophages:a new dimension in macrophage functional heterogeneity显示文摘 | Schnoor M Cullen P Lorkowski J | 2008 | J Immunol2008，180，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Susceptibility to coronary artery disease and diabetes is encoded by distinct,tightly linked SNPs in the ANRIL,locus on chromosome 9p显示文摘 | Boradbent HM Peden JF Lorkowski S | 2008 | Hum Mol Genet2008，17，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Action ofcitrinin on bacterial chromosomal and plasmid DNA in vivo and in vitro显示文摘 | Martin W Lorkowski G Creppy E | | 0，，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Apoolipoprotein E in macrophages and hepatocytes is degraded via the proteasomal pathway显示文摘 | Lorkowski S Engel T | 2001 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2001，282，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Causes and conse- quences of hand injuries 显示文摘 | Trybus M Lorkowski J Brongel L | 2006 | Am J Surg2006，192，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Susceptibility to coronary artery disease and diabetes is encoded by distinct,tightly linked SNPs in the ANRIL locus on chromosome 9p显示文摘 | Broadbent HM Peden JF Lorkowski S | 2008 | Hum Mol Genet2008，17，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Susceptibility to coronary artery disease and diabetes is encoded by distinct, tightly linked SNPs in the ANRIL locus on chromosome 9p 显示文摘 | Broadbent H M Peden J F Lorkowski S | 2008 | Hum Mol Genet2008，17，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Susceptibility to coronary artery disease and diabetes is encoded by distinct,tightly linked SNPs in the ANRIL locus on chromosome 9p 显示文摘 | Broadbent HM Peden JF Lorkowski S | 2008 | Hum Mol Genet2008，17，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Susceptibility to coronary artery disease and diabetes is encoded by distinct, tightly linked SNPs in the ANRIL locus on chromosome 9p 显示文摘 | Broadbent HM Peden JF Lorkowski S | 2008 | Hum Mol Genet2008，17，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Susceptibility to coronary artery disease and diabetes is encoded by distinct,tightly linked,SNPs in the ANRIL locus on chromosome 9p显示文摘 | Broadbent HM Peden JF Lorkowski S | 2008 | Hum Mol Genet2008，17，： | 1 |
| 18 | The human ABCG4 gene is regulated by oxysterols and retinoids in monocyte-derived macrophages显示文摘 | Lorkowski S Lueken A | 2001 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2001，288，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Spatial integration of TIP47 and adipophilin in macrophage lipid bodies 显示文摘 | Robenek H Lorkowski S Schnoor M | 2005 | J Biol Chem2005，280，： | 1 |
| 20 | Interannual variability of carbon fluxes in the North Sea from 1970 to 2006-Competing effects of abiotic and biotic drivers on the gas-exchange of CO2显示文摘 | LORKOWSKI I PATSCH J MOLL A | 2012 | Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science2012，100，： | 1 |
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