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| 1 | Adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines, the key mediators in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a condition in which excess fat accumulates in the liver of a patient with no history of alcohol abuse or other causes for secondary hepatic steatosis.The pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)has not been fully elucidated.The'two-hit'hypothesis is probably a too simplified model to elaborate complex pathogenetic events occurring in patients with NASH.It should be better regarded as a multiple step process,with accumulation of liver fat being the first step,followed by the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis.Adipose tissue,which has emerged as anendocrine organ with a key role in energy homeostasis,is responsive to both central and peripheral metabolic signals and is itself capable of secreting a number of proteins.These adipocyte-specific or enriched proteins,termed adipokines,have been shown to have a variety of local,peripheral,and central effects.In the current review,we explore the role of adipocytokines and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.We particularly focus on adiponectin,leptin and ghrelin,with a brief mention of resistin,visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 among adipokines,and tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1,and briefly IL-18 among proinflammatory cytokines.We update their role in NAFLD,as elucidated in experimental models and clinical practice. | Sanja Stojsavljevi? Marija Gomer?i? Pal?i? Lucija Virovi? Juki? Lea Smir?i? Duvnjak Marko Duvnjak | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，48： | 42 |
| 2 | 皮质下小血管病诊断的共识声明显示文摘血管性认知损害是用于描述一组涉及大血管和小血管的散发性和遗传性异质性疾病的诊断术语。皮质下小血管病可导致腔隙性梗死和进行性白质损害。被称为宾斯旺格病(Binswanger's disease, BD)的进行性白质损害患者构成了从单纯血管性疾病到合并神经变性病变的疾病谱。BD患者是一个相对同质性的亚组,存在缺氧缺血、腔隙性梗死和炎症,它们协同作用破坏血脑屏障和髓鞘。通过临床、脑脊液、神经心理学和影像学检查获得的多模式疾病标记物能促进该亚组患者的鉴别。本共识声明确定了一系列基于基础病理学改变的潜在生物学标记物,这将有助于诊断以及将来协作性治疗试验的患者选择。 | Gary A Rosenberg Anders Wallin Joanna M Wardlaw Hugh S Markus Joan Montaner Leslie Wolfson Costantino Iadecola Berislav V Zlokovic Anne Joutel Martin Dichgans Marco Duering Reinhold Schmidt Amos D Korczyn Lea T Grinberg Helena C Chui Vladimir Hachinski 王训师 张劼 陈涵丰 俞娅美 徐子奇 罗本燕 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016，24，6： | 18 |
| 3 | 公平与质量并行:实现卓越的全民教育--芬兰的经验显示文摘本文讨论了芬兰实现教育公平、质量与发展的三条途径:(1)芬兰对全球教育改革运动(GERM)挑战的尝试性回应;(2)在经济与合作组织(OECD)的PISA评估中,芬兰作为一个成功的案例对同样的挑战给出了不同的回应;(3)芬兰教育政策、社会和文化等因素对教育成就的影响。 | Lea Kuusilehto-Awale Tapio Lahtero 胡淼(译) | 2012 | 比较教育研究2012，34，3： | 13 |
| 4 | Incretin based therapies:A novel treatment approach for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome(MS).The current treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)principally includes amelioration of MS components by lifestyle modifications but the lack of success in their implementation and sustainment arises the need for effective pharmacological agent in fatty liver treatment.Incretins are gut derived hormones secreted into the circulation in response to nutrient ingestion that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)is the most important incretin.Its receptor agonist and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)are used in treatment of type2 diabetes mellitus.DPP-4 serum activity and hepatic expression are shown to be elevated in several hepatic diseases.There are several experimental and clinical trials exploring the efficacy of incretin based therapies in NAFLD treatment.They suggest that GLP-1 analogues might have beneficial effect on hepatic steatosis acting as insulin sensitizers and directly by stimulating GLP-1 receptors expressed on hepatocytes.The use of DPP-4 inhibitors also results in hepatic fat reduction but the mechanism of action remains unclear.There is growing evidence that incretin based therapies have beneficial effects on hepatocytes,however further study analysis are needed to assess the long term effect of incretin based therapies on NAFLD. | Kristina Blaslov Tomislav Bulum Karin Zibar Lea Duvnjak | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 10 |
| 5 | Association of autoimmune type atrophic corpus gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection显示文摘AIM:To study the association between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection and autoimmune type atrophic gastritis. METHODS:Twenty-three patients with different grades of atrophic gastritis were analysed using enzyme immunoassay-based serology,immunoblot-based serology,and histology to reveal a past or a present H.pylori infection.In addition,serum markers for gastric atrophy(pepsinogenⅠ,pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱand gastrin)and autoimmunity[parietal cell antibodies(PCA), and intrinsic factor(IF),antibodies]were determined. RESULTS:Of the 14 patients with severe gastricatrophy,as demonstrated by histology and serum markers,and no evidence for an ongoing H.pylori infection,eight showed H.pylori antibodies by immunoblotting.All eight had elevated PCA and 4/8 also had IF antibodies.Of the six immunoblot-negative patients with severe corpus atrophy,PCA and IF antibodies were detected in four.Among the patients with low to moderate grade atrophic gastritis(all except one with an ongoing H.pylori infection),serum markers for gastric atrophy and autoimmunity were seldom detected.However,one H.pylori negative patient with mild atrophic gastritis had PCA and IF antibodies suggestive of a pre-atrophic autoimmune gastritis. CONCLUSION:Signs of H.pylori infection in autoimmune gastritis,and positive autoimmune serum markers in H.pylori gastritis suggest an etiological role for H.pylori in autoimmune gastritis. | Lea Irene Veijola Aino Mirjam Oksanen Pentti Ilmari Sipponen Hilpi Iris Kaarina Rautelin | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，1： | 10 |
| 6 | Expression pattern analysis of odorant-binding proteins in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum显示文摘有气味的东西绑定蛋白质(OBP ) 是在昆虫的可溶的蛋白质调停化学感应。在以前的研究,我们调查了蚜虫采用检测警报 pheromone (E)-β-farnesene 的分子的机制,我们发现这和在结构上的识别联系了分子被 OBP3 和 OBP7 调停。这里,我们证明 5 的微分表达式模式选择了 OBP (OBP1, OBP3, OBP6, OBP7, OBP8 ) 在成年人的不同身体部分并且在 5 发展中间形态的获得的表现量的 RT-PCR 和 immunolocalization 实验包括 winged 和 unwinged morphs,豌豆蚜虫 Acyrthosiphon pisum。结果提供允许我们在在 OBP 和他们的通常认为的功能的微分表示之间的关系上推测的一幅全面图画。在 antennal sensilla 的 OBP3, OBP6,和 OBP7 的表达式为这些蛋白质建议一个化学感应的函数,而在所有中间形态的 OBP8 的经常的表达式水平能建议一个保存角色。而且, OBP1 和 OBP3 也在 nonsensory 机关被表示。蚜虫,特别地天线,腿, mouthparts,和 cornicles 尾的不同身体部分上的 sensilla 的轻、扫描的电子显微镜学研究,完成提供一个指南便于印射 OBP 表示侧面的这研究。 | Filomena De Biasio Lea Riviello Daniele Bruno Annalisa Grimaldi Terenzio Congiu Yu Feng Sun Patrizia Falabella | 2015 | Insect Science2015，22，2： | 7 |
| 7 | Overview and developments in noninvasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘High prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and very diverse outcomes that are related to disease form and severity at presentation have made the search for noninvasive diagnostic tools in NAFLD one of the areas with most intense development in hepatology today.Various methods have been investigated in the recent years,including imaging methods like ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging,different forms of liver stiffness measurement,various biomarkers of necroinflammatory processes (acute phase reactants,cytokines,markers of apoptosis),hyaluronic acid and other biomarkers of liver fibrosis.Multicomponent tests,scoring systems and diagnostic panels were also developed with the purposes of differentiating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from simple steatosis or discriminating between various fibrosis stages.In all of the cases,performance of noninvasive methods was compared with liver biopsy,which is still considered to be a gold standard in diagnosis,but is by itself far from a perfect comparative measure.We present here the overview of the published data on various noninvasive diagnostic tools,some of which appear to be very promising,and we address as well some of still unresolved issues in this interesting field. | Neven Bari Ivan Leroti Lea Smiri-Duvnjak Vedran Tomai Marko Duvnjak | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，30： | 7 |
| 8 | Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity improves equally with probiotic and placebo显示文摘AIM To determine the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) symptoms and quality of life(Qo L).METHODS In this randomized triple-blind trial, adult IBS volunteerswho were recruited according to Rome Ⅲ criteria received 109 or 1010 colony-forming units of NCFM or placebo daily for 12 wk. IBS Symptom Severity Score(IBS-SSS), which constituted the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes, including individual IBS symptoms, IBS-related QoL questionnaire, anxiety and depression, defecation frequency, and stool consistency, were assessed at baseline at the end of the 8-wk runin period, after 4 and 12 wk of intervention, and after a 4-wk washout.RESULTS A total of 340 of 391 randomized volunteers completed the trial. IBS-SSS improved over 12 wk of treatment in all treatment groups, decreasing by a mean ± SD of 44.0 ± 80.2, 50.8 ± 82.4, and 48.3 ± 72.2 in the placebo, active low-dose, and active high-dose groups, respectively. Similarly, secondary outcomes did not differ between treatment groups. However, in a post hoc analysis of volunteers with moderate to severe abdominal pain at baseline(VAS > 35/100), the treatment significantly reduced the sensation of abdominal pain. Pain scores fell by 20.8 ± 22.8, 29.4 ± 17.9, and 31.2 ± 21.9 in the placebo, active low-dose, and active high-dose groups, respectively(P value for placebo vs combined active doses = 0.0460).CONCLUSION NCFM alleviates moderate to severe abdominal pain, consistent with earlier observations of this strain mitigating visceral pain through increased analgesic receptor expression. | Anna Lyra Markku Hillila Teppo Huttunen Sofia Mannikko Mikko Taalikka Julia Tennila Anneli Tarpila Sampo Lahtinen Arthur C Ouwehand Lea Veijola | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，48： | 7 |
| 9 | Emerging radiotherapy technologies and trends in nasopharyngeal cancer显示文摘AbTechnology has always driven advances in radiotherapy treatment.In this review,we describe the main technological advances in radiotherapy over the past decades for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC)and highlight some of the pressing issues and challenges that remain.We aim to identify emerging trends in radiation medicine.These include advances in personalized medicine and advanced imaging modalities,standardization of planning and delineation,assessment of treatment response and adaptive re-planning,impact of particle therapy,and role of artificial intelligence or automation in clinical care.In conclusion,we expect significant improvement in the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy treatment for NPC over the next decade. | Michelle Tseng Francis Ho Yiat Horng Leong Lea ChoungWong Ivan WK Tham Timothy Cheo Anne WM Lee | 2020 | Cancer Communications2020，40，9： | 5 |
| 10 | Complications of newborn enterostomies显示文摘AIM To evaluate the occurrence and severity of enterostomy complications in newborns suffering from different intestinal disorders.METHODS A 10-year retrospective cohort study(2008-2017) investigated newborns that underwent enterostomy formation and reversal for different intestinal disorders. Only infants less than 28 d old at the time of enterostomy creation were included in the study(corrected age was applied in the cases of preterm neonates). The patients were divided into two groups according to their underlying diseases. Group 1 included infants suffering from necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC), whereas Group 2 included newborns diagnosed with intestinal disorders other than NEC, such as meconium obstruction, anorectal malformation, focal intestinal perforation, ileus, intestinal atresia and volvulus. The primary outcome measure was enterostomy-related morbidity. The data were analyzed statistically using Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-Test for continuous variables. RESULTS In total, 76 infants met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for enterostomy-related complications. Neither group showed significant differences regarding gender, gestational age, weight at birth or weight at enterostomy formation. Infants suffering from NEC(Group 1) were significantly older at enterostomy for-mation than the neonates of Group 2 [median(range), 11(2-75) d vs 4(1-101) d, P = 0.004)]. Significantly more ileostomies were created in Group 1 [47(92.2%) vs 16(64.0%), P = 0.007], whereas colostomies were performed significantly more often in Group 2 [2(3.9%) vs 8(32.0%), P = 0.002]. The initiation of enteral nutrition after enterostomy was significantly later in Group 1 infants than in Group 2 infants [median(range), 5(3-13) vs 3(1-9), P < 0.001]. The overall rate of one or more complications in patients of both groups after enterostomy formation was 80.3%, with rates of 86.3% in Group 1 and 68.0% in Group 2(P = 0.073). Most patients suffered from two complications(23.7%). Four or more complications occurred in 21.6% of the infants in Group 1 and in 12.0% of the infants in Group 2(P = 0.365). Following enterostomy closure, at least one complication was observed in 26.0% of the patients(30.6% in Group 1 and 16.7% in Group 2, P = 0.321). The occurrence of complications was not significantly different between neonates with NEC and infants with other intestinal disorders. 48(65.8%) patients required no treatment or only pharmacological treatment for the complications that occurred [Clavien-Dindo-Classification(CDC) < Ⅲ], while 25(34.2%) required surgery to address the complications(CDC ≥Ⅲ). Early reversal of the enterostomy was performed significantly more often(P = 0.003) and the time to full enteral nutrition after closure was significantly longer [median(range), 7(3-87) d vs 12(5-93) d, P = 0.006] in infants with a CDC grading ≥Ⅲ than in infants with a CDC grading < Ⅲ. CONCLUSION Complications occur in almost all infants with enterostomies. The majority of these complications are minor and do not require surgical treatment. There is a clear trend that neonates with NEC have a higher risk for developing complications than those without NEC. | Lea Wolf Stefan Gfroerer Henning Fiegel Udo Rolle | 2018 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2018，6，16： | 5 |
| 11 | Financial development and dynamic investment behavior: Evidence from panel VAR显示文摘 | Inessa Love Lea Zicchino | 2006 | Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance2006，，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Review:Global nutrient profiling by Phenotype MicroArrays:a tool complementing genomic and proteomic studies in conidial fungi显示文摘Conidial fungi or molds and mildews are widely used in modern biotechnology as producers of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites,industrially important enzymes,chemicals and food.They are also important pathogens of animals including humans and agricultural crops.These various applications and extremely versatile natural phenotypes have led to the constantly growing list of complete genomes which are now available.Functional genomics and proteomics widely exploit the genomic information to study the cell-wide impact of altered genes on the phenotype of an organism and its function.This allows for global analysis of the information flow from DNA to RNA to protein,but it is usually not sufficient for the description of the global phenotype of an organism.More recently,Phenotype MicroArray (PM) technology has been introduced as a tool to characterize the metabolism of a (wild) fungal strain or a mutant.In this article,we review the background of PM applications for fungi and the methodic requirements to obtain reliable results.We also report examples of the versatility of this tool. | Lea ATANASOVA Irina S.DRUZHININA | 2010 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2010，11，3： | 4 |
| 13 | Bile leakage after loop closure vs clip closure of the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy:A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort显示文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures.Cystic stump leakage is an underestimated,potentially life threatening complication that occurs in 1%-6%of the patients.With a secure cystic duct occlusion technique during LC,bile leakage becomes a preventable complication.AIM To investigate the effect of polydioxanone(PDS)loop closure of the cystic duct on bile leakage rate in LC patients.METHODS In this retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort,the effect of PDS loop closure of the cystic duct on bile leakage complication was compared to patients with conventional clip closure.Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a risk score to identify bile leakage risk.Leakage rate was assessed for categories of patients with increasing levels of bile leakage risk.RESULTS Of the 4359 patients who underwent LC,136(3%)underwent cystic duct closure by a PDS loop.Preoperatively,loop closure patients had significantly more complicated biliary disease compared to the clipped closure patients.In the loop closure cohort,zero(0%)bile leakage occurred compared to 59 of 4223(1.4%)clip closure patients.For patients at increased bile leakage risk(risk score≥1)rates were 1.6%and up to 13%(4/30)for clip closure patients with a risk score≥4.This risk increase paralleled a stepwise increase of actual bile leakage complication for clip closure patients,which was not observed for loop closure patients.CONCLUSION Cystic duct closure with a PDS loop during LC may reduce bile leakage in patients at increased risk for bile leakage. | Sandra C Donkervoort Lea M Dijksman Aafke H van Dijk Emile A Clous Marja A Boermeester Bert van Ramshorst Djamila Boerma | 2020 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2020，12，1： | 4 |
| 14 | Timing of pubertal development in boys born with cryptorchidism and hypospadias:a nation wide cohort study显示文摘Pubertal development may be altered in boys with cryptorchidism and hypospadias,but existing kno wledge is inc on siste nt.Therefore,we investigated the association between cryptorchidism and hypospadias and pubertal development in a large cohort study.Boys in the Puberty Cohort,a cohort nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort,were in eluded in this study.Information on cryptorchidism and hypospadias was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register.From 11 years until 18 years or full pubertal developme nt,info rmatio n on physical markers of pubertal developme nt was provided biannu ally,in eluding Tanner stages,axillary hair,acne,voice break,and first ejaculation.In multivariate regression models for interval censored data,the mean(95%confidence intervals[Cis])d iff ere nces in months in obtaining the pubertal markers between boys with and without the anomalies were estimated.Among 7698 boys,196(2.5%)had cryptorchidism and 60(0.8%)had hypospadias.Boys with hypospadias experienced first ejaculation and voice break 7.7(95%Cl:2.5-13.0)months and 4.5(95%Cl:0.3-8.7)months later than boys without hypospadias?The age at attaining the Tanner stages for gonadal and pubic hair growth was also higher,though not statistically significant.Pubertal development seemed unaffected in boys with mild as well as severe cryptorchidism?In conclusion,hypospadias may be associated with delayed pubertal development,but pubertal development seems unaffected by cryptorchidism.The relation between hypospadias and later pubertal development may be due to the underlying shared in utero risk or genetic factors. | Linn Hakonsen Arendt Andreas Ernst Lea Lykke Braskhoj Lauridsen Nis Brix Jorn Olsen Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen | 2019 | Asian Journal of Andrology2019，21，6： | 3 |
| 15 | Financial development and dynamic investment behavior: Evidence from panel VAR显示文摘 | Inessa Love Lea Zicchino | 2006 | Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance2006，，2： | 3 |
| 16 | Review of ranking methods in the data envelopment analysis context显示文摘 | Nicole Adler Lea Friedman Zilla Sinuany-Stern | 2002 | European Journal of Operational Research2002，，2： | 3 |
| 17 | Rheumatoid arthritis: Nuclear medicine state-of-the-art imaging显示文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is an autoimmune disease,which is associated with systemic and chronic inflammation of the joints,resulting in synovitis and pannus formation.For several decades,the assessment of RA has been limited to conventional radiography,assisting in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease.Nevertheless,conventional radiography has poor sensitivity in the detection of the inflammatory process that happens in the initial stages of RA.In the past years,new drugs that significantly decrease the progression of RA have allowed a more efficient treatment.Nuclear Medicine provides functional assessment of physiological processes and therefore has significant potential for timely diagnosis and adequate follow-up of RA.Several single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)and positron emission tomography(PET)radiopharmaceuti-cals have been developed and applied in this field.The use of hybrid imaging,which permits computed tomography(CT)and nuclear medicine data to be acquired and fused,has increased even more the diagnostic accuracy of Nuclear Medicine by providing anatomical localization in SPECT/CT and PET/CT studies.More recently,fusion of PET with magnetic resonance imaging(PET/MRI)was introduced in some centers and demonstrated great potential.In this article,we will review studies that have been published using Nuclear Medicine for RA and examine key topics in the area. | Paulo Henrique Rosado-de-Castro Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza Dangelo Alexandre Lea Mirian Barbosa da Fonseca Bianca Gutfilen | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 3 |
| 18 | S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(SNACET) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(NACET)–Cysteine-based drug candidates with unique pharmacological profiles for oral use as NO, H_2S and GSH suppliers and as antioxidants: Results and overview显示文摘S-Nitrosothiols or thionitrites with the general formula RSNO are formally composed of the nitrosyl cation(NOt) and a thiolate(RSà), the base of the corresponding acids RSH. The smallest S-nitrosothiol is HSNO and derives from hydrogen sulfide(HSH, H_2S). The most common physiological S-nitrosothiols are derived from the amino acid L-cysteine(Cys SH). Thus, the simplest S-nitrosothiol is S-nitroso-L-cysteine(Cys SNO). Cys SNO is a spontaneous potent donor of nitric oxide(NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase to form cyclic guanosine monophosphate(c GMP). This activation is associated with multiple biological actions that include relaxation of smooth muscle cells and inhibition of platelet aggregation.Like NO, Cys SNO is a short-lived species and occurs physiologically at concentrations around 1 n M in human blood. Cys SNO can be formed from Cys SH and higher oxides of NO including nitrous acid(HONO)and its anhydride(N_2O_3). The most characteristic feature of RSNO is the S-transnitrosation reaction by which the NOtgroup is reversibly transferred to another thiolate. By this way numerous RSNO can be formed such as the low-molecular-mass S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine(SNAC) and S-nitroso-glutathione(GSNO), and the high-molecular-mass S-nitrosol-L-cysteine hemoglobin(Hb Cys SNO) present in erythrocytes and S-nitrosol-L-cysteine albumin(Alb Cys SNO) present in plasma at concentrations of the order of 200 n M. All above mentioned RSNO exert NO-related biological activity, but they must be administered intravenously. This important drawback can be overcome by lipophilic charge-free RSNO.Thus, we prepared the ethyl ester of SNAC, the S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(SNACET), from synthetic N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(NACET). Both NACET and SNACET have improved pharmacological features over N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine(SNAC), respectively,including higher oral bioavailability. SNACET exerts NO-related activities which can be utilized in the urogenital tract and in the cardiovascular system. NACET, with high oral bioavailability, is a strong antioxidant and abundant precursor of GSH, unlike its free acid N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC). Here, we review the chemical and pharmacological properties of SNACET and NACET as well as their analytical chemistry.We also report new results from the ingestion of S-[^(15) N]nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(S^(15) NACET) demonstrating the favorable pharmacological profile of SNACET. | Dimitrios Tsikas Kathrin S.Schwedhelm Andrzej Surdacki Daniela Giustarini Ranieri Rossi Lea Kukoc-Modun George Kedia Stefan ückert | 2018 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2018，8，1： | 3 |
| 19 | Simulation by CMIP5 Models of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Its Climate Impacts显示文摘This study focuses on the climatic impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO) as a mode of internal variability. Given the difficulties involved in excluding the effects of external forcing from internal variation, i.e., owing to the short record length of instrumental observations and historical simulations, we assess and compare the AMO and its related climatic impacts both in observations and in the 'Pre-industrial' experiments of models participating in CMIP5. First, we evaluate the skill of the 25 CMIP5 models' 'Historical' simulations in simulating the observational AMO, and find there is generally a considerable range of skill among them in this regard. Six of the models with higher skill relative to the other models are selected to investigate the AMO-related climate impacts, and it is found that their 'Pre-industrial' simulations capture the essential features of the AMO. A positive AMO favors warmer surface temperature around the North Atlantic,and the Atlantic ITCZ shifts northward leading to more rainfall in the Sahel and less rainfall in Brazil. Furthermore, the results confirm the existence of a teleconnection between the AMO and East Asian surface temperature, as well as the late withdrawal of the Indian summer monsoon, during positive AMO phases. These connections could be mainly caused by internal climate variability. Opposite patterns are true for the negative phase of the AMO. | Zhe HAN Feifei LUO Shuanglin LI Yongqi GAO Tore FUREVIK Lea SVENDSEN | 2016 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2016，33，12： | 2 |
| 20 | Stool antigen tests in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection before and after eradication therapy显示文摘Aim: To evaluate two enzyme immunoassay-based stool antigen tests, Premier Platinum HpSA and Amplified IDEIA HpStAR, and one rapid test, ImmunoCard STAT! HpSA, in the primary diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection and after eradication therapy.METHODS: Altogether 1 574 adult subjects were screened with a whole-blood H pylori antibody test and positive results were confirmed with locally validated serology and 13C-urea breath test. All 185 subjects,confirmed to be H pylori positive, and 97 H pylorinegative individuals, randomly selected from the screened study population and with negative results in serology and UBT, were enrolled. After eradication therapy the results of 182 subjects were assessed.RESULTS: At baseline, the sensitivity of HpSA and HpStAR was 91.9% and 96.2%, respectively, and specificity was 95.9% for both tests. ImmunoCard had sensitivity of 93.0% but specificity of only 88.7%. After eradication therapy, HpSA and HpStAR had sernsitivity of 81.3% and 100%, and specificity of 97.0% and 97.6%,respectively. ImmunoCard had sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 97.0%. HpSA, HpStAR, and ImmunoCard had PPV 77%, 80%, and 75%, and NPV 98%, 100%,and 99%, respectively.CONCLUSION: In primary diagnosis, the EIA-based tests performed well. After eradication therapy, negative results were highly accurate for all the three tests.HpStAR had the best overall performance. | Lea Veijola Eveliina Myllyluoma Riitta Korpela Hilpi Rautelin | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，46： | 2 |
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