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| 1 | Biomarkers and subtypes of deranged lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a heterogeneous and complex disease that is imprecisely diagnosed by liver biopsy.NAFLD covers a spectrum that ranges from simple steatosis,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)with varying degrees of fibrosis,to cirrhosis,which is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.Lifestyle and eating habit changes during the last century have made NAFLD the most common liver disease linked to obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia,with a global prevalence of 25%.NAFLD arises when the uptake of fatty acids(FA)and triglycerides(TG)from circulation and de novo lipogenesis saturate the rate of FAβ-oxidation and verylow density lipoprotein(VLDL)-TG export.Deranged lipid metabolism is also associated with NAFLD progression from steatosis to NASH,and therefore,alterations in liver and serum lipidomic signatures are good indicators of the disease’s development and progression.This review focuses on the importance of the classification of NAFLD patients into different subtypes,corresponding to the main alteration(s)in the major pathways that regulate FA homeostasis leading,in each case,to the initiation and progression of NASH.This concept also supports the targeted intervention as a key approach to maximize therapeutic efficacy and opens the door to the development of precise NASH treatments. | José M Mato Cristina Alonso Mazen Noureddin Shelly C Lu | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，24： | 19 |
| 2 | Nicotine attenuates beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity by regulating metal homeostasis.显示文摘 | Zhang J Liu Q Chen Q Liu NQ Li FL Lu ZB Qin C Zhu H Huang YY He W Zhao BL | 2006 | 中国生物学文摘2006，20，9： | 17 |
| 3 | 基于流行病学、空间、基因组学数据的中国上海内部人口流动与结核病传播动力学研究显示文摘中国国内人口大规模从农村向城市流动,为结核病控制工作带来了新的挑战。2018年7月的《The Lancet. Infectious diseases》刊载了一项研究,旨在将基因组数据、空间数据和流行病学数据结合起来,描述有大量流动人口的城市环境中结核病的传播动力学特征。研究者们针对上海松江地区的培养阳性结核分枝杆菌开展了一项基于人群的研究。采用全基因组测序法,对具有相同"数目可变串联重复序列(VNTR)"组合的结核分枝杆菌表观基因簇进行了区分,并分析了居住距离与基因学成簇的结合分枝杆菌感染风险之间的关系。 | Yang C Lu L Warren JL | 2018 | 疾病监测2018，33，8： | 17 |
| 4 | Clostridium difficile infections in China显示文摘Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection has become one of the major hospital-associated infections in West-ern countries in the last two decades. However, there is limited information on the status of C. difficile infection inChinese healthcare settings. Given the large and increasing elderly population and the well-recognized problem ofover-prescribing of broad spectrum antibiotics in China, it is critical to understand the epidemiology and potentialrisk factors that may contribute to C. difficile infection in China. A literature review of available published studies,including those in Chinese language-based journals, was conducted. A review of the currently available literaturesuggested the presence of C. difficile infections in China, but also suggested that these infections were not particu-larly endemic. This finding should lead to better designed and greatly expanded studies to provide a more reliableepidemiologically-based conclusion on the actual status of C. difficile infection in China, including the identifica-tion of any associated risk factors. Such information is ultimately valuable to develop appropriate strategies to pre-vent C. difficile infection and the vast negative impact of such infections in China and other developing countries. | Ke Jin a,b,c,Shixia Wang c,d,Zuhu Huang a,b,c,Shan Lu b,c,daDepartment of Infectious Diseases,bJiangsu Province Key Laboratory in Infectious Diseases,cChina-US Vaccine ResearchCenter,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210029,China d Department of Medicine,University of Massachusetts Medical School,Worcester,MA 01655,USA. | 2010 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2010，24，6： | 14 |
| 5 | MicroRNA-185通过靶向调节DN-MT1/PTEN/Akt通路抑制肝细胞癌的生长显示文摘近来研究表明miRNAs与肝癌的发生密切相关,然而单个miRNAs的具体作用机制仍未完全阐明。作者对microR-NA-185(miR-185)在肝细胞癌生物学功能和分子机制方面做了一些研究。实验发现,与非肿瘤性的肝脏实质相比, miR-185在人肝细胞癌组织中的表达减少;qRT-PCR检测显示,与原代肝细胞相比, miR-185在人肝细胞癌细胞中的表达下降;在体外人肝细胞癌细胞中miR-185的过表达会抑制细胞的增殖和侵袭,并且阻止SCID小鼠体内肿瘤的生长。miR-185的过表达能够抑制肝细胞癌细胞中DNMT13′端非翻译区域荧光素酶的活性,当 miR-185结合位点发生突变时,就不存在该效应;miR-185的复制或过表达会减少肝细胞癌细胞中DNMT1蛋白的表达。这些结果表明DNMT1是miR-185在肝细胞癌细胞中的靶向作用蛋白。 DNMT1在miR-185诱导抑制肝细胞癌的增殖中所起的作用,可进一步通过DNMT1的过表达阻止miR-185诱导抑制肝细胞癌细胞的增殖和侵袭这一事实所证实。 miR-185的复制或过表达能够减少PTEN启动子DNA甲基化并且提高PTEN的表达,从而抑制Akt磷酸化;如果DNMT1过表达,这些效应刚好相反。以上结果表明:miR-185靶向作用于DNMT1,通过诱导PTEN和抑制Akt,从而抑制肝细胞癌细胞的增殖,活化或激活miR-185可能成为肝细胞癌新的治疗策略之一。 | Qadir X V Han C Lu D 魏建国 许春伟 | 2014 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2014，30，12： | 12 |
| 6 | A miR-130a-YAP positive feedback loop promotes organ size and tumorigenesis显示文摘 | Shuying Shen Xiaocan Guo Huan Yan Yi Lu Xinyan Ji Li Li Tingbo Liang Dawang Zhou Xin-Hua Feng Jonathan C Zhao Jindan Yu Xing-Guo Gong Lei Zhang Bin Zhao | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，9： | 10 |
| 7 | Methionine adenosyltransferases in liver cancer显示文摘Methionine adenosyltransferases(MATs)are essential enzymes for life as they produce S-adenosylmethionine(SAMe),the biological methyl donor required for a plethora of reactions within the cell.Mammalian systems express two genes,MAT1A and MAT2A,which encode for MATα1 and MATα2,the catalytic subunits of the MAT isoenzymes,respectively.A third gene MAT2B,encodes a regulatory subunit known as MATβwhich controls the activity of MATα2.MAT1A,which is mainly expressed in hepatocytes,maintains the differentiated state of these cells,whilst MAT2A and MAT2B are expressed in extrahepatic tissues as well as non-parenchymal cells of the liver(e.g.,hepatic stellate and Kupffer cells).The biosynthesis of SAMe is impaired in patients with chronic liver disease and liver cancer due to decreased expression and inactivation of MATα1.A switch from MAT1A to MAT2A/MAT2B occurs in multiple liver diseases and during liver growth and dedifferentiation,but this change in the expression pattern of MATs results in reduced hepatic SAMe level.Decades of study have utilized the Mat1a-knockout(KO)mouse that spontaneously develops non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)to elucidate a variety of mechanisms by which MAT proteins dysregulation contributes to liver carcinogenesis.An increasing volume of work indicates that MATs have SAMe-independent functions,distinct interactomes and multiple subcellular localizations.Here we aim to provide an overview of MAT biology including genes,isoenzymes and their regulation to provide the context for understanding consequences of their dysregulation.We will highlight recent breakthroughs in the field and underscore the importance of MAT’s in liver tumorigenesis as well as their potential as targets for cancer therapy. | Ben Murray Lucia Barbier-Torres Wei Fan JoséM Mato Shelly C Lu | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 10 |
| 8 | Recent upper gastrointestinal panendoscopy increases the risk of pyogenic liver abscess显示文摘AIM To investigate the association between a recent gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopy and the subsequent risk of pyogenic liver abscess(PLA).METHODS We designed a nested case control study. Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 2135 patients with a first diagnosis of PLA were identified from 1998 to 2011. Another 10675 patients without PLA matched by age and sex were selected as reference controls. We identified and compared the possible risk factors for PLA and GI endoscopies performed before the index date(when PLA was diagnosed) between the two cohorts. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the risk of PLA within the 90 d after the GI endoscopies.RESULTS Patients with a history of diabetes [adjusted odds ratio(a OR) = 4.92, 95%CI: 1.78-13.61], end-stage renal disease(a OR = 3.98, 95%CI: 1.45-10.91), biliary tract infection(a OR = 2.68, 95%CI: 2.11-3.40), liver cirrhosis(a OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.39-3.46), GI malignancies(a OR = 5.68, 95%CI: 4.23-7.64), appendicitis(a OR = 3.16, 95%CI: 2.27-4.41), diverticulitis(a OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.01-2.64), and recent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(a OR = 27.04, 95%CI: 11.65-62.72) were significantly associated with an increased risk of PLA. After adjusting for the above risk factors and the frequency of outpatient department visits and abdominal ultrasounds during 90 d before the index date, an upper GI panendoscopy(a OR = 2.75, 95%CI: 2.05-3.69) but not a lower GI endoscopy(a OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 0.62-1.86) was significantly associated with PLA.CONCLUSION An upper GI panendoscopy performed before 90 d may increase the risk of PLA. | Ming-Jen Tsai Chin-Li Lu Ying C Huang Chung Hsien Liu Wan-Ting Huang Kai-Yuan Cheng Solomon Chih-Cheng Chen | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，16： | 8 |
| 9 | Subclinical atherosclerosis in northern and southern China: the Chinese paradox显示文摘背景冠的心疾病(CHD ) 的发生是更高的在北比在南部的中国,然而,在传统的 CHD 的差别冒险的,解释这。没有学习在可以帮助在发生解释差别的无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化检验了差别。这研究为在北、南部的中国之间的石灰化用冠的计算断层摄影术(CT ) 在无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化检验了这些差别。我们在一个大多中心选择了参加者的一件随机的样品的方法为冠的钙在一个北城市(诺思) 里扫描的进行中的流行病的学习(北京, n = 49 ) 并且在二个南部的城市(南方) 里(上海, n = 50,并且广州, n = 50 ) 。从三个领域中心的参加者(意味着年龄 67 年) 经历了用动脉粥样硬化扫描的多种族的学习为冠的钙测量扫描的冠的风险因素评估和心脏的 CT 协议。结果调整了在诺思中国(北京) 的转变木头的冠的动脉钙 20 是 3.1 +/-0.4 并且在华南(上海和广州) 是 2.2 +/- 0.3 (P = 0.04 ) 。为北京的北城市的吝啬的钙分数比广州的南部的城市的高三倍(P = 0.01 ) 并且比为上海的南部的城市高 2.5 倍(P = 0.03 ) 。结论无临床症状的动脉粥样硬化的程度在广州和上海的二个南部的城市里比那在北京的北城市里是显著地更高的,甚至在为标准心脏的风险因素调整以后。这发现建议标准风险因素充分不在临床的 CHD 发生解释北方南方差别。 | Jie Huang Yang-Feng Wu Xiao-Qing Liu Ding Ding Lian-Cheng Zhao Bin Lu Xian Li Nathan D Wong Laurie D Dustin Stanley P Azen Robert C Detrano | 2011 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2011，8，2： | 7 |
| 10 | Erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study显示文摘 | Caicun Zhou Yi-Long Wu Gongyan Chen Jifeng Feng Xiao-Qing Liu Changli Wang Shucai Zhang Jie Wang Songwen Zhou Shengxiang Ren Shun Lu Li Zhang Chengping Hu Chunhong Hu Yi Luo Lei Chen Ming Ye Jianan Huang Xiuyi Zhi Yiping Zhang Qingyu Xiu Jun Ma Li Zhang C | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，8： | 7 |
| 11 | Immune precision medicine for cancer:a novel insight based on the efficiency of immune effector cells显示文摘Cancer cell growth is associated with immune surveillance failure.Nowadays,restoring the desired immune response against cancer cells remains a major therapeutic strategy.Due to the recent advances in biological knowledge,efficient therapeutic tools have been developed to support the best bio-clinical approaches for immune precision therapy.One of the most important successes in immune therapy is represented by the applicational use of monoclonal antibodies,particularly the use of rituximab for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.More recently,other monoclonal antibodies have been developed,to inhibit immune checkpoints within the tumor microenvironment that limit immune suppression,or to enhance some immune functions with immune adjuvants through different targets such as Toll-receptor agonists.The aim is to inhibit cancer proliferation by the diminishing/elimination of cancer residual cells and clinically improving the response duration with no or few adverse effects.This effect is supported by enhancing the number,functions,and activity of the immune effector cells,including the natural killer(NK)lymphocytes,NKT-lymphocytes,γδT-lymphocytes,cytotoxic T-lymphocytes,directly or indirectly through vaccines particularly with neoantigens,and by lowering the functions of the immune suppressive cells.Beyond these new therapeutics and their personalized usage,new considerations have to be taken into account,such as epigenetic regulation particularly from microbiota,evaluation of transversal functions,particularly cellular metabolism,and consideration to the clinical consequences at the body level.The aim of this review is to discuss some practical aspects of immune therapy,giving to clinicians the concept of immune effector cells balancing between control and tolerance.Immunological precision medicine is a combination of modern biological knowledge and clinical therapeutic decisions in a global vision of the patient. | Jean-François Rossi Patrice Céballos Zhao-Yang Lu | 2019 | Cancer Communications2019，39，1： | 6 |
| 12 | Fatty liver in hepatitis C patients post-sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals显示文摘AIM To determine steatosis and fibrosis prevalence in hepatitis C patients after a sustained virological response achieved with direct-acting antivirals.METHODS Transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter(CAP) was used to assess hepatic steatosis post-sustained virological response(SVR);the CAP technology was not available in the United States at study initiation.Liver stiffness/fibrosis was measured before and 47 wk after treatment completion.Patients with genotype 3 and patients with cirrhosis were excluded.RESULTS One hundred and one patients were included in the study.Post-SVR there were decreases from baseline in alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(63.1 to 17.8 U/L),aspartate aminotransferase(51.8 to 21.5 U/L) and fibrosis score(7.4 to 6.1 k Pa)(P < 0.05).Post-SVR,48 patients(47.5%) had steatosis on CAP;of these,6.25% had advanced fibrosis.Patients with steatosis had higher body mass index(29.0 vs 26.1 kg/m2),glucose(107.8 vs 96.6 mg/d L),ALT(20.4 vs 15.3 mg/d L),CAP score(296.3 vs 212.4 d B/m) and fibrosis score(7.0 vs 5.3 k Pa);P < 0.05.Interestingly,compared to baseline,both patients with and without steatosis had change in fibrosis score post-SVR(7.7 k Pa vs 7.0 k Pa and 7.0 k Pa vs 5.3 k Pa);alternatively,(P < 0.05) and therefore patients with steatosis continued to have clinically significant stiffness(≥ 7 k Pa).CONCLUSION Fatty liver is very common in hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients post-SVR.These patients continue to have elevated mean fibrosis score(≥ 7 k Pa) compared to those without fatty liver;some have advanced fibrosis.Long term follow up is needed to assess steatosis and fibrosis in HCV patients post-SVR. | Mazen Noureddin Micaela M Wong Tsuyoshi Todo Shelly C Lu Arun J Sanyal Edward A Mena | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，11： | 6 |
| 13 | 巨峰和无核早红葡萄在越南谅山试种观察显示文摘[目的]观察巨峰、无核早红葡萄在越南谅山省的引种表现,为其在越南推广种植提供参考依据.[方法]2009年春从中国南宁引入巨峰、无核早红两个鲜食葡萄品种在越南谅山省试种,调查其枝蔓生长量、物候期、果实性状、产量等相关指标.[结果]至第1年抚育冬季,巨峰葡萄枝蔓总长234.5 cm,上架茎粗0.84 cm;无核早红葡萄枝蔓总长294.1 cm,上架茎粗0.86 cm.在物候期方面,巨峰葡萄从萌芽至果实成熟需141~151 d,表现中熟;无核早红从萌芽至果实成熟需142~151 d,未表现其应有的早熟特性.在果实性状方面,巨峰葡萄2010~2012年3年平均单果重8.9 g,种子数1.04粒,可溶性固形物(TSS)含量17.5%;无核早红葡萄2010~2012年3年平均单果重6.8 g,TSS含量13.9%.在产量方面,巨峰葡萄2010~2012年产量分别为13.69、17.50和16.24 t/ha;无核早红葡萄2010~2012年产量分别为10.81、16.02和20.92t/ha.[结论]巨峰葡萄在越南谅山省种植表现丰产稳产优质,具有较好的适栽性,可大面积推广种植;无核早红葡萄表现丰产稳产,但表现低糖低酸,极易裂果,着色困难,不宜在越南大面积发展. | 黄江流 PHAM Thi Thang 罗瑞鸿 NGUYN Thi Hà 吕荣华 LUONG Dǎng Ning CHU Vǎn DUòng NGUYN Manh Tòng 彭宏祥 Ly Ming Nguyet LU'O'NG i Thuy CHU Xun Tien VI Vǎn Dúc NGUYN Duy Dng Ly Dúc Khiêm 熊俏 | 2014 | 南方农业学报2014，45，7： | 5 |
| 14 | Relationship between Th17 immune response and cancer显示文摘Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and epidemiological projections predict growing cancer mortality rates in the next decades.Cancer has a close relationship with the immune system and,although Th17 cells are known to play roles in the immune response against microorganisms and in autoimmunity,studies have emphasized their roles in cancer pathogenesis.The Th17 immune response profile is involved in several types of cancer including urogenital,respiratory,gastrointestinal,and skin cancers.This type of immune response exerts pro and antitumor functions through several mechanisms,depending on the context of each tumor,including the protumor angiogenesis and exhaustion of T cells and the antitumor recruitment of T cells and neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment.Among other factors,the paradoxical behavior of Th17 cells in this setting has been attributed to its plasticity potential,which makes possible their conversion into other types of T cells such as Th17/Treg and Th17/Th1 cells.Interleukin(IL)-17 stands out among Th17-related cytokines since it modulates pathways and interacts with other cell profiles in the tumor microenvironment,which allow Th17 cells to prevail in tumors.Moreover,the IL-17 is able to mediate pro and antitumor processes that influence the development and progression of various cancers,being associated with variable clinical outcomes.The understanding of the relationship between the Th17 immune response and cancer as well as the singularities of carcinogenic processes in each type of tumor is crucial for the identification of new therapeutic targets. | Hanna Santos Marques Breno Bittencourt de Brito Filipe Antônio França da Silva Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos Júlio César Braga de Souza Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia Luana Weber Lopes Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres Rafael Santos Dantas Miranda Dórea Anna Carolina Saúde Dantas Lorena Lôbo Brito Morbeck Iasmin Souza Lima Amanda Alves de Almeida Maiara Raulina de Jesus Dias Fabrício Freire de Melo | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2021，12，10： | 5 |
| 15 | Arachidyl amido cholanoic acid improves liver glucose and lipid homeostasis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via AMPK and mTOR regulation显示文摘BACKGROUND Arachidyl amido cholanoic acid(Aramchol)is a potent downregulator of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1)protein expression that reduces liver triglycerides and fibrosis in animal models of steatohepatitis.In a phase IIb clinical trial in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),52 wk of treatment with Aramchol reduced blood levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c,an indicator of glycemic control.AIM To assess lipid and glucose metabolism in mouse hepatocytes and in a NASH mouse model[induced with a 0.1%methionine and choline deficient diet(0.1MCD)]after treatment with Aramchol.METHODS Isolated primary mouse hepatocytes were incubated with 20μmol/L Aramchol or vehicle for 48 h.Subsequently,analyses were performed including Western blot,proteomics by mass spectrometry,and fluxomic analysis with 13C-uniformly labeled glucose.For the in vivo part of the study,male C57BL/6J mice were randomly fed a control or 0.1MCD for 4 wk and received 1 or 5 mg/kg/d Aramchol or vehicle by intragastric gavage for the last 2 wk.Liver metabolomics were assessed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-MS for the determination of glucose metabolism-related metabolites.RESULTS Combination of proteomics and Western blot analyses showed increased AMPK activity while the activity of nutrient sensor mTORC1 was decreased by Aramchol in hepatocytes.This translated into changes in the content of their downstream targets including proteins involved in fatty acid(FA)synthesis and oxidation[PACCα/β(S79),SCD1,CPT1A/B,HADHA,and HADHB],oxidative phosphorylation(NDUFA9,NDUFB11,NDUFS1,NDUFV1,ETFDH,and UQCRC2),tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle(MDH2,SUCLA2,and SUCLG2),and ribosome(P-p70S6K[T389]and P-S6[S235/S236]).Flux experiments with 13Cuniformely labeled glucose showed that TCA cycle cataplerosis was reduced by Aramchol in hepatocytes,as indicated by the increase in the number of rounds that malate remained in the TCA cycle.Finally,liver metabolomic analysis showed that glucose homeostasis was improved by Aramchol in 0.1MCD fed mice in a dose-dependent manner,showing normalization of glucose,G6P,F6P,UDP-glucose,and Rbl5P/Xyl5P.CONCLUSION Aramchol exerts its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in NASH through activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTORC1,which in turn activate FAβ-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. | David Fernández-Ramos Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa Laura Delacruz-Villar Jon Bilbao Martina Pagano Laura Mosca Maider Bizkarguenaga Marina Serrano-Macia Mikel Azkargorta Marta Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta Jesús Sot Darya Tsvirkun Sebastiaan Martijn van Liempd Felix M Goni Cristina Alonso María Luz Martínez-Chantar Felix Elortza Liat Hayardeny Shelly C Lu JoséM Mato | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，34： | 5 |
| 16 | Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China显示文摘Background: The Russet Bush Warbler Locustella(previously Bradypterus) mandelli complex occurs in mountains in the eastern Himalayas, southern China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The taxonomy has been debated,with one(L. seebohmi) to four(L. seebohmi, L. mandelli, L. montis and L. timorensis) species having been recognised.Methods: We used an integrative approach, incorporating analyses of morphology, vocalizations and a molecular marker, to re-evaluate species limits in the L. mandelli complex.Results: We found that central Chinese L. mandelli differed from those from India through northern Southeast Asia to southeast China in plumage, morphometrics and song. All were easily classified by song, and(wing + culmen)/tail ratio overlapped only marginally. Both groups were reciprocally monophyletic in a mitochondrial cytochrome b(cytb) gene tree, with a mean divergence of 1.0 ± 0.2%. They were sympatric and mostly altitudinally segregated in the breeding season in southern Sichuan province. We found that the Mt Victoria(western Myanmar) population differed vocally from other L. mandelli, but no specimens are available. Taiwan Bush Warbler L. alishanensis was sister to the L. mandelli complex, with the most divergent song. Plumage, vocal and cytb evidence supported the distinctness of the south Vietnamese L. mandelli idonea. The Timor Bush Warbler L. timorensis, Javan Bush Warbler L.montis and Benguet Bush Warbler L. seebohmi differed distinctly in plumage, but among-population song variation in L. montis exceeded the differences between some populations of these taxa, and mean pairwise cytb divergences were only 0.5–0.9%. We also found that some L. montis populations differed morphologically.Conclusions: We conclude that the central Chinese population of Russet Bush Warbler represents a new species,which we describe herein, breeding at mid elevations in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou provinces.The taxonomic status of the other allopatric populations is less clear. However, as they differ to a degree comparable with that of the sympatric L. mandelli and the new species, we elevate L. idonea to species status, and retain L. seebohmi and L. montis as separate species, the latter with timorensis as a subspecies. Further research should focus on different populations of L. montis and the Mt Victoria population of L. mandelli. | Per Alstrom Canwei Xia Pamela C Rasmussen Urban Olsson Bo Dai Jian Zhao Paul J Leader Geoff J Carey Lu Dong Tianlong Cai Paul I Holt Hung Le Manh Gang Song Yang Liu Yanyun Zhang Fumin Lei | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，2： | 4 |
| 17 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 18 | Characterisation of human non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy using the fractal analysis显示文摘· AIM: To investigate and quantify changes in the branching patterns of the retina vascular network in diabetes using the fractal analysis method.·METHODS: This was a clinic-based prospective study of 172 participants managed at the Ophthalmological Clinic of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, between January 2012 and December 2013. A set of 172 segmented and skeletonized human retinal images, corresponding to both normal(24 images) and pathological(148 images)states of the retina were examined. An automatic unsupervised method for retinal vessel segmentation was applied before fractal analysis. The fractal analyses of the retinal digital images were performed using the fractal analysis software Image J. Statistical analyses were performed for these groups using Microsoft Office Excel2003 and Graph Pad In Stat software.·RESULTS: It was found that subtle changes in the vascular network geometry of the human retina are influenced by diabetic retinopathy(DR) and can be estimated using the fractal geometry. The average of fractal dimensions D for the normal images(segmented and skeletonized versions) is slightly lower than the corresponding values of mild non-proliferative DR(NPDR) images(segmented and skeletonized versions).The average of fractal dimensions D for the normal images(segmented and skeletonized versions) is higher than the corresponding values of moderate NPDR images(segmented and skeletonized versions). The lowestvalues were found for the corresponding values of severe NPDR images(segmented and skeletonized versions).· CONCLUSION: The fractal analysis of fundus photographs may be used for a more complete understanding of the early and basic pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes. The architecture of the retinal microvasculature in diabetes can be quantitative quantified by means of the fractal dimension.Microvascular abnormalities on retinal imaging may elucidate early mechanistic pathways for microvascular complications and distinguish patients with DR from healthy individuals. | Stefan Tǎlu Dan Mihai Cǎlugǎru Carmen Alina Lupascu | 2015 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2015，8，4： | 4 |
| 19 | Base-resolution maps of 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine reveal genome-wide DNA demethylation dynamics显示文摘 | Xingyu Lu Dali Han Boxuan Simen Zhao Chun-Xiao Song Li-Sheng Zhang Louis C Dore Chuan He | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，3： | 4 |
| 20 | Frequent amplification of a chr19q13.41 microRNA polycistron in aggressive primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors显示文摘 | Li M Lee KF Lu Y Clarke I Shih D Eberhart C Collins VP Van Meter T Picard D Zhou L Boutros PC Modena P Liang ML Scherer SW Bouffet E Rutka JT Pomeroy SL Lau CC Taylor MD Gajjar A Dirks PB Hawkins CE Huang A. | 2009 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2009，7，4： | 3 |
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