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| 1 | Mapping the epigenetic modifications of DNA and RNA显示文摘Over 17 and 160 types of chemical modifications have been identified in DNA and RNA,respectively.The interest in understanding the various biological functions of DNA and RNA modifications has lead to the cutting-edged fields of epigenomics and epitranscriptomics.Developing chemical and biological tools to detect specific modifications in the genome or transcriptome has greatly facilitated their study.Here,we review the recent technological advances in this rapidly evolving field.We focus on high-throughput detection methods and biological findings for these modifications,and discuss questions to be addressed as well.We also summarize third-generation sequencing methods,which enable long-read and single-molecule sequencing of DNA and RNA modification. | Lin-Yong Zhao Jinghui Song Yibin Liu Chun-Xiao Song Chengqi Yi | 2020 | Protein & Cell2020，11，11： | 17 |
| 2 | 真核生物基因组DNA甲基化和去甲基化分析显示文摘DNA甲基化是真核生物的重要表观遗传修饰,如胞嘧啶C^5位甲基化5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)和腺嘌呤N^6位甲基化6-甲基腺嘌呤(6mA)。DNA 5mC可经Tet双加氧酶催化氧化形成5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)、5-醛甲基胞嘧啶(5fC)和5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC)。这些氧化产物不仅是去甲基化过程的中间体,而且也可能存在各自特有的表观调控功能。其中,5hmC异常可能和癌症相关,有可能成为疾病诊断的生物标志物。发展可靠、高灵敏和抗干扰能力强的DNA甲基化和去甲基化检测技术和方法至关重要,有助于理解甲基化和去甲基化的分子机制以及提高肿瘤的诊断水平。现针对DNA甲基化和去甲基化检测技术进行简要介绍。 | 刘保东 汪海林 | 2018 | 生命科学2018，30，4： | 4 |
| 3 | Tet2 Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation by Interacting with Runx1 and Maintaining Genomic 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC)显示文摘As a dioxygenase, Ten-Eleven Translocation 2(TET2) catalyzes subsequent steps of 5-methylcytosine(5 mC) oxidation. TET2 plays a critical role in the self-renewal, proliferation,and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, but its impact on mature hematopoietic cells is not well-characterized. Here we show that Tet2 plays an essential role in osteoclastogenesis. Deletion of Tet2 impairs the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells(macrophages) and their maturation into bone-resorbing osteoclasts in vitro. Furthermore, Tet2^(-/-) mice exhibit mild osteopetrosis, accompanied by decreased number of osteoclasts in vivo. Tet2 loss in macrophages results in the altered expression of a set of genes implicated in osteoclast differentiation, such as Cebpa, Mafb, and Nfkbiz. Tet2 deletion also leads to a genome-wide alteration in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5 hmC) and altered expression of a specific subset of macrophage genes associated with osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, Tet2 interacts with Runx1 and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity. Our studies demonstrate a novel molecular mechanism controlling osteoclast differentiation and function by Tet2, that is, through interactions with Runx1 and the maintenance of genomic 5 hmC. Targeting Tet2 and its pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of abnormal bone mass caused by the deregulation of osteoclast activities. | Yajing Chu Zhigang Zhao David Wayne Sant Ganqian Zhu Sarah M. Greenblatt Lin Liu Jinhuan Wang Zeng Cao Jeanette Cheng Tho Shi Chen Xiaochen Liu Peng Zhang Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski Stephen Nimer Gaofeng Wang Weiping Yuan Feng-Chun Yang Mingjiang Xu | 2018 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2018，16，3： | 2 |
| 4 | 哺乳动物DNA去甲基化及生物学功能显示文摘哺乳动物DNA去甲基化参与基因表达的调控,是维持生命活动必不可少的一环。甲基化及去甲基化动态平衡的紊乱可能会导致机体生长发育异常,以及多种疾病甚至癌症的发生。随着基因组学测序分析技术的进步,人们已能够监测DNA去甲基化相关修饰在不同时期多个部位的动态变化,并逐渐揭示其调控功能。该文主要介绍哺乳动物中由TET/TDG介导的DNA去甲基化过程及中间产物,其在胚胎发育、癌症发生过程中的调控机制,以及现阶段可对其进行检测的测序分析技术。 | 张晓芸 常人葆 韩大力 | 2018 | 生命科学2018，30，4： | 1 |
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