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| 1 | Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure显示文摘Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(ALF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and death.In ALF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical care.The rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and coma.Cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic mechanism.Astrocyte swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain oedema.The mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte hypothesis.Current evidence also supports an alternate‘Trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte swelling.Although a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight junctions.At present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown. | Teresa R Scott Victoria T Kronsten Robin D Hughes Debbie L Shawcross | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 8 |
| 2 | Validation of a new scoring system: Rapid assessment faecal incontinence score显示文摘AIM: To implement a quick and simple test- rapid assessment faecal incontinence score(RAFIS) and show its reliability and validity.METHODS: From March 2008 through March 2010, we evaluated a total of 261 consecutive patients, including 53 patients with faecal incontinence. Demographic and comorbidity information was collected. In a single visit, patients were administered the RAFIS. The results obtained with the new score were compared with those of both Wexner score and faecal incontinence quality of life scale(FIQL) questionnaire. The patient withoutinfluence of the surgeon completed the test. The role of surgeon was explaining the meaning of each section and how he had to fill. Reliability of the RAFIS score was measured using intra-observer agreement and Cronbach's alpha(internal consistency) coefficient. Multivariate analysis of the main components within the different scores was performed in order to determine whether all the scores measured the same factor and to conclude whether the information could be encompassed in a single factor. A sample size of 50 patients with faecal incontinence was estimated to be enough to detect a correlation of 0.55 or better at 5% level of significance with 80% power.RESULTS: We analysed the results obtained by 53 consecutive patients with faecal incontinence(median age 61.55 ± 12.49 years) in the three scoring systems. A total of 208 healthy volunteers(median age 58.41 ± 18.41 years) without faecal incontinence were included in the study as negative controls. Pearson's correlation coefficient between 'state' and 'leaks' was excellent(r = 0.92, P < 0.005). Internal consistency in the comparison of 'state' and 'leaks' yielded also excellent correlation(Cronbach's α = 0.93). Results in each score were compared using regression analysis and a correlation value of r = 0.98 was obtained with Wexner score. As regards FIQL questionnaire, the values of 'r ' for the different subscales of the questionnaire were: 'lifestyle' r =-0.87, 'coping/behaviour' r =-0.91, 'depression' r =-0.36 and 'embarrassment' r =-0.90,(P < 0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that all the scoring systems measured the same factor. A single factor may explain 80.84% of the variability of FI, so all the scoring systems measure the same factor. Patient's continence improves when RAFIS and Jorge-Wexner scores show low values and when the values obtained in the FIQL questionnaire are high.CONCLUSION: RAFIS is a valid and reliable tool to assess Faecal Incontinence. | Fernando de la Portilla Arantxa Calero-Lillo Rosa M Jiménez-Rodríguez Maria L Reyes Manuela Segovia-González María Victoria Maestre Ana M García-Cabrera | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，9： | 5 |
| 3 | The role of antioxidants and pro-oxidants in colon cancer显示文摘This review focuses on the roles antioxidants and prooxidants in colorectal cancer(CRC).Considerable evidence suggests that environmental factors play key roles in the incidence of sporadic CRC.If pro-oxidant factors play an etiological role in CRC it is reasonable to expect causal interconnections between the wellcharacterized risk factors for CRC,oxidative stress and genotoxicity.Cigarette smoking,a high dietary consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and alcohol intake are all associated with increased CRC risk.These risk factors are all pro-oxidant stressors and their connections to oxidative stress,the intestinal microbiome,intestinal microfold cells,cyclooxygenase-2 and CRCare detailed in this review.While a strong case can be made for pro-oxidant stressors in causing CRC,the role of food antioxidants in preventing CRC is less certain.It is clear that not every micronutrient with antioxidant activity can prevent CRC.It is plausible,however,that the optimal food antioxidants for preventing CRC have not yet been critically evaluated.Increasing evidence suggests that RRR-gamma-tocopherol(the primary dietary form of vitamin E)or other'non-alpha-tocopherol'forms of vitamin E(e.g.,tocotrienols)might be effective.Aspirin is an antioxidant and its consumption is linked to a decreased risk of CRC. | William L Stone Koyamangalath Krishnan Sharon E Campbell Victoria E Palau | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，3： | 4 |
| 4 | PrP^C-related signal transduction is influenced by copper, membrane integrity and the alpha cleavage site显示文摘铜绑定,抛锚膜的、细胞的 prion 蛋白质(PrPC ) 有二个组成的劈开地点生产不同 N 终端和 C 终端碎片(N1/C1 和 N2/C2 ) 。用表示也人的 PrPC,鼠标 PrPC 或鼠标 PrPC 的 RK13 房间带 3F4 epitope,这研究在 endoproteolytic 劈开和一个通常认为的 PrPC 函数上探索了 PrPC 主要顺序的影响,地图 kinase 信号 transduction,响应外长的铜与或没有使不安的膜环境。PrPC 主要顺序,特别在 N1/C1 劈开地点附近,看起来在这个地点和细胞外的调整信号的 kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2 ) phosphorylation 影响解朊作用的基础层次,与处理激活增加与基础 ERK1/2 表明一种反的关系。人的 PrPC 独自响应铜显示出增加的 N1/C1 劈开,由特定的 p38 和 JNK/SAPK phosphorylation 伴随了。到加扣押胆固醇的抗菌素 filipin 的铜的联合暴露导致了一只老鼠信号蛋白质 phosphorylation 的 PrPC 特定的实质的增加,由 N1/C1 劈开的增加伴随了。怀有人的 N1/C1 劈开地点的老鼠 PrPC 基础地并且响应铜假定更似人类的侧面并且改变了膜环境。我们的结果证明在 N1/C1 劈开地点附近的 PrPC 主要顺序影响在这个地点处理的 endoproteolytic,它显得连接了基础地并且响应铜印射 kinase 信号 transduction。进一步,主要顺序看起来响应外长的刺激在 PrPC 相关的信号 transduction 的忠实上授与 N1/C1 劈开和膜完整的相互的依赖。 | Cathryn L Haigh | 2009 | Cell Research2009，19，9： | 4 |
| 5 | Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors in the Outcome of Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis C Virus-Positive Recipients显示文摘 | Marina Berenguer Victoria Aguilera Fernando San Juan Salvador Benlloch Angel Rubin Rafael López-Andujar Angel Moya Eugenia Pareja Eva Montalva Maria Yago Manuel de Juan José Mir Martín Prieto | 2010 | Transplantation2010，，11： | 3 |
| 6 | Macrophage secretory products induce an inflammatory phenotype in hepatocytes显示文摘AIM:To investigate the influence of macrophages on hepatocyte phenotype and function.METHODS:Macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 monocytes via phorbol myristate acetate stimulation and the effects of monocyte or macrophageconditioned medium on HepG2 mRNA and protein expression determined.The in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed using liver biopsies from 147 patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection.RESULTS:Conditioned media from macrophages,but not monocytes,induced a transient morphological change in hepatocytes associated with upregulation of vimentin(7.8±2.5-fold,P=0.045)and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(2.6±0.2-fold,P<0.001)and downregulation of epithelial cadherin(1.7±0.02-fold,P=0.017)mRNA expression.Microarray analysis revealed significant upregulation of lipocalin-2(17-fold,P <0.001)and pathways associated with inflammation,and substantial downregulation of pathways related to hepatocyte function.In patients with chronic HCV,realtime polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in lipocalin-2 mRNA(F0 1.0 ±0.3,F1 2.2±0.2,F2 3.0±9.3,F3/4 4.0±0.8,P= 0.003)and protein expression(F1 1.0±0.5,F2 1.3± 0.4,F3/4 3.6±0.4,P=0.014)with increasing liver injury.High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 in macrophageconditioned medium,and a chemical inhibitor of MMP-9 attenuated the change in morphology and mRNA expression of TGF-β1(2.9±0.2 vs 1.04±0.1,P<0.001) in macrophage-conditioned media treated HepG2 cells.In patients with chronic HCV infection,hepatic mRNA expression of CD163(F0 1.0±0.2,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 5.3±1.0,P=0.001)and MMP-9(F0 1.0±0.4,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 4.1±0.8,P=0.011)was significantly associated with increasing stage of fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Secreted macrophage products alter the phenotype and function of hepatocytes,with increased expression of inflammatory mediators,suggesting that hepatocytes actively participate in liver injury. | Michelle Melino Victoria L Gadd Gene V Walker Richard Skoien Helen D Barrie Dinesh Jothimani Leigh Horsfall Alun Jones Matthew J Sweet Gethin P Thomas Andrew D Clouston Julie R Jonsson Elizabeth E Powell | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，15： | 3 |
| 7 | Galectin-3 Mediates Aldosterone-Induced Vascular Fibrosis显示文摘 | Laurent Calvier Maria Miana Pascal Reboul Victoria Cachofeiro Ernesto Martinez-Martinez Rudolf A. de Boer Fran?oise Poirier Patrick Lacolley Faiez Zannad Patrick Rossignol Natalia López-Andrés | 2013 | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology2013，，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Qigong improves balance in young women: a pilot study显示文摘BACKGROUND: Balance problems are common in people of all ages and can lead to falls, thus causing fractures with consequent disability. Qigong practice has long been part of daily life in Chinese culture, and has good effects on physical health maintenance. OBJECTIVE: The present work describes the change in balance in young, healthy women after practising Qigong for eight weeks. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: The study took the form of a controlled, randomised longitudinal trial, and involved 30 women aged 18-25 years. The subjects had no prior experience of Qigong or Tai Chi and were unaware of the aims of the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a Qigong intervention group or a control group. Those in the Qigong intervention group performed 'exercises in 20 figures for health and long-life' (Wang Ziping) for 1 h twice per week, for 4 weeks. The control group undertook no exercise at all. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was the stabilometry values. These were obtained in a unipodal support test, using a plantar pressure platform with optical sensors. RESULTS: The Qigong subjects showed a significant improvement in their stabilometry results (40.1% pre-intervention and 56.4% post-intervention) (P<0.045), while no improvement was seen in the control group (51.2% pre-intervention and 53.5% post-intervention). At the beginning of the intervention, the stabilometry values recorded for the Qigong intervention group were worse than those recorded for the control group (40.15% and 51.21% respectively; P=0.121). However, a comparison of the post-intervention values between these groups showed that these differences have disappeared (P=0.653). CONCLUSION: Qigong can improve balance in healthy, young women. | María Victoria González López-Arza Enrique Varela-Donoso Jesús Montanero-Fernández Juan Rodríguez-Mansilla Blanca González-Sánchez Luis González López-Arza | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2013，11，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Recent progress on bimetallic NiCo and CoFe based electrocatalysts for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction: A review显示文摘The deployment of hydrogen as an energy carrier is found to be a vital alternative fuel for the future. It is expected that water electrolysis, powered by renewable energy sources, be able to scale-up hydrogen production. However, the reaction kinetic of oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is a sluggish process, which predominantly limits the efficiency of water electrolysis. This review recapitulates the recent progress and efforts made in the design and development of two selected earth-abundant bimetallic electrocatalysts(Ni Co and Co Fe) for alkaline OER. Each bimetal electrocatalyst is thoroughly outlined and discussed in five sub-sections, including bimetal(oxy) hydroxides, Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) structures,oxides, composites, alloy and nanostructured electrocatalysts, and assembled with heteroatoms.Furthermore, a brief introduction to an in situ/operando characterization techniques and advantages for monitoring the structure of the electrocatalysts is provided. Finally, a summary outlining the challenges and conceivable approaches to advance OER performance is highlighted and discussed. | Gebrehiwet Abrham Gebreslase Maria Victoria Martínez-Huerta Maria Jesus Lázaro | 2022 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2022，31，4： | 2 |
| 10 | Technique for escape from geosynehronous transfer orbit using a solar sail显示文摘 | Victoria L Coverstone John E Prussing | 2003 | Journal of Guid- ance Control and Dynamics2003，26，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Optimal power and rate allocation for coded V-BLAST:Instantaneous optimi-zation显示文摘 | VICTORIA K SERGEY L | 2011 | IEEE Transactions on Communications2011，59，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Paraoxonasel (PON1) poly- morphisms and prostate cancer in the CPS-I INutrition Cohort 显示文摘 | Victoria L Stevens Carmen R | 2008 | Prostate2008，，68： | 1 |
| 13 | Impact of Climate Change Miti- gation Measures on Indigenous Peoples and on Their Terri- tories and Lands显示文摘 | Victoria T C Aqqaluk L | 2008 | Economic and Social Council2008，，10： | 1 |
| 14 | The use of stable isotopes in studies of nutrient cycling:Carbon isotope composition of Amazon varzea sediments显示文摘 | VICTORIA R L MARTINELLI L A TRIVELIN P C | 1992 | Biotropica1992，24，： | 1 |
| 15 | Development of morphology in latex particles:the interplay between thermodynamic and kinetic parameters显示文摘 | Yi Cherng Chen Victoria L Dimonie Olga L Shaffer | 1993 | Polymer International1993，30，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Increased inflammation in lysozyme M-deficient mice in response to Micrococcas luteus and its peptidoglycan显示文摘 | TOMAS G VICTORIA G HSIANG-I L | 2003 | Blood2003，101，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Mechanical Properties of Films Prepared from Model HighGlass-Transition-Temperature /Low-Glass-Transition -Temperature Latex Blends显示文摘 | Jiansheng Tang Eric S Daniels L Victoria | 2002 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2002，，86： | 1 |
| 18 | Comparison of bacteria from deep subsurface sediment and adjacent groundwater显示文摘 | Terry C. Hazen Luis Jiménez Geralyne López de Victoria Carl B. Fliermans | 1991 | Microbial Ecology1991，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Synthesis and application of core-shell particles as toughening agents for epoxies显示文摘 | Julie Y Qian Pearson R A Victoria L | 1995 | Appl Polym Sci1995，58，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Toxic effect of surfactants and probable products of their biodegradation on methanogenesis in an anaerobic microbial community 显示文摘 | Victoria A S Kestutis S L Vasily K A | 1999 | Chemosphere1999，39，11： | 1 |
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