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| 1 | Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry,prescribed burning,and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia显示文摘Intensive forest management has been applied in most Fennoscandian forests for a period of almost one felling rotation.This paradigm has produced even-aged and even-structured forests of different successional stages that cover about 90%of forest land.At the same time,wildfires have been nearly eliminated in most of the Fennoscandian nature.Consequently,hundreds of species are red-listed because of forest management.To support these species,forest management requires improvements.Variable retention forestry and habitat restoration have been suggested to mitigate negative effects of forest management on biodiversity,and these have been practiced to some extent during the past few decades.Here,we review experimental results on the effects of variable retention and two restoration measures(prescribed burning and artificial addition of coarse woody debris)on different species groups in Fennoscandia.Our key findings are as follows:(i)Many species respond positively to felling within a few years,apparently due to released and often ephemeral resources,such as fresh residue and stumps.Species associated with shady conditions are negatively impacted,but any retention supports many of these,and their species composition remains almost unaffected with 50-70%retention of the initial tree volume.(ii)These effects remain detectable for at least 10-30 years or,according to some studies,nearly 100 years,e.g.,in polypore fungi.(iii)Initial effects of prescribed burning on most species groups(apart from pyrophiles)are negative,but within 10-15 years post-fire sites begin to support many rare and threatened deadwood-dependent species.Epiphytic lichens,however,remain negatively affected.(iv)Artificial addition of deadwood(mostly high stumps)supports a wide spectrum of deadwood-dependent species,but the species composition differs from that of naturally died trees.(v)Moisture and micro-habitat variation are crucial for forest species at harvested sites,at least in forests dominated by Norway spruce.We conclude that felling method as such is of little importance for threatened forest species,although retention mitigates many negative effects.These species require microclimatic continuity,and maintenance and active increase of legacies,such as deadwood of different qualities(species,downed/standing,snag/log/stump,decay stage),very old trees,and tree species mixtures. | Matti Koivula Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa | 2020 | Ecological Processes2020，9，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Measurement of aminotenninal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen(PINP)in sermn 显示文摘 | Koivula M K Risteli L Risteli J | 2012 | Clin Bio-chem2012，45，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Isolation and characterization of Laetococcus laetis subsp Laetis promoters显示文摘 | Koivula T Sibakov M Palva I | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Biodeterioration of cardboard-based liquid containers collected for fibre reuse 显示文摘 | Koivula N Hanninen K | 1999 | Chemosphere1999，38，8： | 1 |
| 5 | Risk factors for pneumonia in the elderly显示文摘 | Koivula K | 1994 | AJM1994，96，： | 1 |
| 6 | Self-esteem andperfectionism in elite athletes:Effects on competitiveanxiety and self-confidence显示文摘 | Koivula N Hassmen P Fallby J | 2002 | Personality and Individ-ual Differences2002，32，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Image feature based automatic correction of low-frequency spatial intensity variations in MR images 显示文摘 | Koivula A Alakuijala J Tervonen O | 1997 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging1997，15，10： | 1 |
| 8 | A near atomic resolution structure of a Melanocarpus albomyces laccase显示文摘 | N. Hakulinen M. Andberg J. Kallio A. Koivula K. Kruus J. Rouvinen | 2007 | Journal of Structural Biology2007，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Platelet indi-ces in patients with occlusive carotid artery disease 显示文摘 | Valkila E H Salenius J P Koivula T A | 1994 | Angiology1994，45，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Ash in composting of source-separated catering waste显示文摘 | Koivula N Raikkonen T Urpilainen S | 2004 | Bioresource Techrulogy2004，93，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Elevated procalcitonin predicts Gram-negative sepsis in haematological patients with febrile neutropenia显示文摘 | Koivula I Hamalainen S Jantunen E | 2011 | Scand J Infect Dis2011，43，67： | 1 |
| 12 | Metabolic engineering of Saccha-romyces cerevisiae for bioconversion of D-xylose to D-xylonate显示文摘 | Toivari M Nyggtrd Y Kumpula E P Vehkomiki M L Ben eina M Valkonen M Maaheimo H Andberg M Koivula A Ruo- honen L Penttili M Wiebe M G | 2012 | Metab Eng2012，14，： | 1 |
| 13 | Rituximab regulates sig-naling pathways and alters gene expression associated with cell death and survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma显示文摘 | Koivula S Valo E Raunio A | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 14 | Structure and ion exchange properties of tin antimonates with various Sn and Sb contents显示文摘 | KOIVULA R HARJULA R LEHTO J | 2002 | Microporous Mesoporous Mater2002，55，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolases: why so efficient on crystalline cellulose显示文摘 | TEERI TT KOIVULA A LINDER M | 1998 | Biochem Soc Trans1998，26，： | 1 |
| 16 | The Changing Place of the University and a Clash of Values- The Entrepreneurial University in the European Knowledge Society, A Review of the Literature 显示文摘 | Risto Rinne and Jenni Koivula | 2005 | Higher Education Management and Policy2005，17，03： | 1 |
| 17 | Phakic refractive lens:Two-year results显示文摘 | Koivula A Taube M Zetterstrom C | | 0，，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Direct and maternal genetic effects on first litter size, maturation age, and animalsize in Finnish minks显示文摘 | Koivula M Stranden I Mantysaari E A | 2009 | J Anim Sei2009，87，： | 1 |
| 19 | Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and ERBB2 (HER-2/Neu) oncoprotein in prostatic carcinomas 显示文摘 | Visakorpi T Kallioniemi O P Koivula T | 1992 | Mod Pathol1992，5，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of phosphate and light on growth of and bioactive peptide production by the Cyanobacterium Anabaena strain 90 an its anabenopetilide mutant显示文摘 | Koivula M Harjunpa V | 2004 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2004，70，： | 1 |
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