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| 1 | Current and future pharmacological therapies for managing cirrhosis and its complications显示文摘Due to the restrictions of liver transplantation,complication-guided pharmacological therapy has become the mainstay of long-term management of cirrhosis.This article aims to provide a complete overview of pharmacotherapy options that may be commenced in the outpatient setting which are available for managing cirrhosis and its complications,together with discussion of current controversies and potential future directions.PubMed/Medline/Cochrane Library were electronically searched up to December 2018 to identify studies evaluating safety,efficacy and therapeutic mechanisms of pharmacological agents in cirrhotic adults and animal models of cirrhosis.Non-selective betablockers effectively reduce variceal re-bleeding risk in cirrhotic patients with moderate/large varices,but appear ineffective for primary prevention of variceal development and may compromise renal function and haemodynamic stability in advanced decompensation.Recent observational studies suggest protective,haemodynamically-independent effects of beta-blockers relating to reduced bacterial translocation.The gut-selective antibiotic rifaximin is effective for secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy;recent small trials also indicate its potential superiority to norfloxacin for secondary prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Diuretics remain the mainstay of uncomplicated ascites treatment,and early trials suggest alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists may improve diuretic response in refractory ascites.Vaptans have not demonstrated clinical effectiveness in treating refractory ascites and may cause detrimental complications.Despite initial hepatotoxicity concerns,safety of statin administration has been demonstrated in compensated cirrhosis.Furthermore,statins are suggested to have protective effects upon fibrosis progression,decompensation and mortality.Evidence as to whether proton pump inhibitors cause gut-liver-brain axis dysfunction is conflicting.Emerging evidence indicates that anticoagulation therapy reduces incidence and increases recanalisation rates of non-malignant portal vein thrombosis,and may impede hepatic fibrogenesis and decompensation.Pharmacotherapy for cirrhosis should be implemented in accordance with up-to-date guidelines and in conjunction with aetiology management,nutritional optimisation and patient education. | David Kockerling Rooshi Nathwani Roberta Forlano Pinelopi Manousou Benjamin H Mullish Ameet Dhar | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，8： | 16 |
| 2 | Expression of nm23-H1 predicts lymphnode involvement in colorectal carcinoma显示文摘 | Tannapfel A Kockerling F Katalinic A | 1995 | Dis Colon Rectum1995，38，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Extraction of cystic duct occlusion calculus in laparoscopic cholecystectomy显示文摘 | Kockerling F Schneider C reymond MA | 1997 | Zentralbl Chir1997，122，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Laparoscopic abdominoperineal excision of the rectum with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in the management of rectal carcinoma显示文摘 | Kockerling F Gastinger I Schneider B | 1993 | Endosc Surg Allied Technol1993，1，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Expression of nm23-H1predicts lymph node involvement in colorectal carcinoma显示文摘 | Tannapel A Kockerling F Latalinic A | 1995 | Dis ColonRectum1995，38，6： | 1 |
| 6 | The intra- and postoperative complication rate of TEP in patients undergoing unilateral endoscopic inguinal hernia repair is not higher compared with TAPP显示文摘 | Kockerling F Schug-Pass C Jacob DA | 2013 | World J Surg2013，37，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Expression of nm23-H1 predicts lymph node involvement in colorectal carcinoma显示文摘 | Tannapfel A Kockerling F Katalinic A | 1995 | Dis Colon Rectum1995，38，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Laparoscopic ab- dominoperineal excision of the rectum with high ligation of the in- ferior mesenteric artery in the management of rectal carcinoma 显示文摘 | Kockerling F Gastinger I Schneider B | 1993 | Endosc Surg Allied Technol1993，1，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Early result of a prospective mulficenter study on 500 consecutive cases of 1 aparescopic colorectal surgery显示文摘 | KOCKERLING F SCHNEIDER C REYMOND MA | 1998 | Surg Endosc1998，12，： | 1 |
| 10 | Laparosoopic abdominoperineal excision of the rectum with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in the management of rectal carcinoma 显示文摘 | Kockerling F Gastinger I Schneider B | 1993 | Endosc Surg Allied Technol1993，1，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Lapamscopic abdominoperineal excision of the rectum with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in the management of rectal carcinoma显示文摘 | Kockerling F Gastinger I Schneider B | 1993 | Endosc Surg Allied Technol1993，1，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The intra- and postoperative complication rate of TEP in patients undergoing uni- lateral endoscopic inguinal hernia repair is not higher compared with TAPP显示文摘 | Kockerling F Schug- Pass C Jacob DA | 2013 | World J Surg2013，37，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Laparoscopic abdominoperineal excision of the rectum with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in the management of rectal carcinoma显示文摘 | Kockerling F Gastinger I Schneider B | 1993 | Endosc Surg Allied Technol1993，1，1： | 1 |
| 14 | The pathogenesis of port-site recurrences显示文摘 | Marc A Reymond MD Claus Scbneider M D Sigrid Kastl M D Werner Hohenberger M D Ferdinand Kockerling M D | 1998 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery1998，，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Endoscopic repair ofprimary versus recurrent male unilateral inguinal hernias : Arethere differences in the outcome? 显示文摘 | Kockerling F Jacob D Wiegank W | 2016 | Surg Endosc2016，30，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Early result of a prospective multicenter study on 500 consecutive cases of laparoscopic colorectal surgery显示文摘 | Kockerling F Schneider C Reymond MA | 1998 | Surg Endosc1998，12，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Radical operation for carcinoma of gallbladder:present status in Germany显示文摘 | Gall FD Kockerling F Scheele J | 1991 | World Surg1991，15，： | 1 |
| 18 | Extraction of cyctic duct occlusion calculus in laparoscopic cholecystectomy显示文摘 | Kockerling F Schneider C Reymond MA | 1997 | Zentralbl chir1997，122，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Laparoscopic abdom in operineal excision of the rectum with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in the management of rectal carcinoma显示文摘 | Kockerling F Gastinger I Schneider B | 1993 | Endosc Surg Allied Technol1993，1，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Radical opemtlons for car cinoma of the gallbladder: present status in Germany显示文摘 | Gall FP Kockerling F Scheele J | 1991 | World Surg1991，15，3： | 1 |
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