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| 1 | Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics:a comprehensive meta-data analysis review显示文摘Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics.However,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely lacking.Thus,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar product.Utilizing approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient availability.Based on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production styles.Pyrolysis temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)half-lives.Greater pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical improvements.However,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar properties.Specific surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based biochars.Crop-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient retention.The collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,and Cu)based on feedstock choice and total nutrient content.Results can be used to create designer biochars to help solve environmental issues and supply a variety of plant-available nutrients for crop growth. | James A.Ippolito Liqiang Cui Claudia Kammann Nicole Wrage‑Mönnig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Mendizabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff Novak Kurt Spokas Nils Borchard | 2020 | Biochar2020，2，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Biochar and biochar-compost as soil amendments to a vineyard soil: Influences on plant growth, nutrient uptake, plant health and grape quality显示文摘 | Hans-Peter Schmidt Claudia Kammann Claudio Niggli Michael W.H. Evangelou Kathleen A. Mackie Samuel Abiven | 2014 | Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment2014，，： | 2 |
| 3 | A new sampling tech- nique to monitor concentration of COz ,CH4 and NaO in air at well-defined depths in soils with varied water potential显示文摘 | Kammann C Grunhage L Jager H J | 2001 | European Journal of Soil Science2001，52，： | 1 |
| 4 | Toxic effects of brominated indoles and phenols on zebrafish embryos显示文摘 | KAMMANN U | 2006 | Environmental Contamination and Toxicology2006，51，： | 1 |
| 5 | Affectometer 2:A scale to measure current level of general happiness显示文摘 | KAMMANN N R FLETT R | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 6 | Rapid insertional mutagenesis of DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 显示文摘 | Kammann M Laufs J Gronenborn B | 1989 | Nucleic Acids Res1989，17，13： | 1 |
| 7 | 显示文摘 | Libra J A Ro K S Kammann C | 2011 | Biofuels2011，2，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Toxic effects of brominated indoles and phenols on zebrafish embryos 显示文摘 | Kammann U Vobach M Wosniok W | 2006 | Arch Environ Contain Toxicol2006，51，： | 1 |
| 9 | Toxic effects of brominated indoles and phenols on zebrafish embryos 显示文摘 | Kammann U Vobach M Wosniok W | 2006 | Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology2006，51，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Identification of the initiation sequence for vieal-strand DNA synthesis of wheat dwarf virus 显示文摘 | Heyraud F Matzeit V Kammann M | 1993 | EMBO Journal1993，12，： | 1 |
| 11 | Sulfurized vegetable oil products as lubricant additives显示文摘 | Kammann Karl P Jr Phillips I Astrid | 1984 | JAOCS1984，62，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Nitrous oxide emission from frozen grassland soil and during thawing periods显示文摘 | Mttller C Kammann C Ottow J C G | 2003 | Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science2003，166，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Rapid insertional mutagenesis of DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 显示文摘 | Kammann M Laufs J Schell J | 1989 | Nucleic Acids Research1989，17，13： | 1 |
| 14 | Glaucoma and cataract: combine operation or trabeculectomy first and cataract extraction later显示文摘 | Urban V Kammann MT Sturmer JP | 2000 | KlinMonatsbl Augenhei Lkd2000，216，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Biological effect monitoring in dab ( Limanda limanda ) using gene transcript of CYP1A1 or EROD-a comparison 显示文摘 | Kammann U Lang T Berkau AJ | 2008 | Environ Sci Pollut R2008，15，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Biochar and hydrochar effects on greenhouse gas(carbon dioxide,nitrous oxide and methane)fluxes from soils显示文摘 | Kammann C Ratering S Eckhard C | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Quality2012，41，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals:a comparative review of the chemistry,processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis显示文摘 | Libra J A Ro K S Kammann C | 2011 | Biofuels2011，2，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The energy harvesting eel:a small subsurface ocean/river power generator 显示文摘 | Taylor G W Burns J R Kammann S M | 2001 | Journal of Oceanic Engineering2001，26，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Comparison of contact and immersion techniques for axial length measurement and implant power calculation显示文摘 | SCHELENZ J KAMMANN J | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 20 | A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics显示文摘 | Clough T J Condron L M Kammann C | 2013 | Agronomy2013，3，2： | 1 |
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