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| 1 | A rice XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE gene regulates leaf senescence and response to abiotic stresses显示文摘Xanthine dehydrogenase, a member of the molybdenum enzyme family, participates in purine metabolism and catalyzes the generation of ureides from xanthine and hypoxanthine. However, the mechanisms by which xanthine dehydrogenase affects rice growth and development are poorly understood. In the present study, we identified a mutant with early leaf senescence and reduced tillering that we named early senescence and less-tillering 1(esl1). Map-based cloning revealed that ESL1 encodes a xanthine dehydrogenase, and it was expressed in all tissues. Chlorophyll content was reduced and chloroplast maldevelopment was severe in the esl1 mutant. Mutation of ESL1 led to decreases in allantoin, allantoate, and ABA contents. Further analysis revealed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in esl1 resulted in decreased photosynthesis and impaired chloroplast development, along with increased sensitivity to abscisic acid and abiotic stresses. Ttranscriptome analysis showed that the ESL1 mutation altered the expression of genes involved in the photosynthesis process and reactive oxygen species metabolism.Our results suggest that ESL1 is involved in purine metabolism and the induction of leaf senescence.These findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms of ESL1 gene-mediated plant growth and leaf senescence. | Jiangmin Xu Chenyang Pan Han Lin Hanfei Ye Sheng Wang Tao Lu Qianyu Chen Kairu Yang Mei Lu Qian Qian Deyong Ren Yuchun Rao | 2022 | The Crop Journal2022，10，2： | 1 |
| 2 | Folic acid-modified Exosome-PH20 enhances the efficiency of therapy via modulation of the tumor microenvironment and directly inhibits tumor cell metastasis显示文摘High accumulation of hyaluronan(HA)in the tumor microenvironment leads to an increase in the interstitial pressure and reduction perfusion of drugs.Furthermore,high molecular-weight(HMW)-HA suppresses M1 macrophage polarization,enhances M2 polarization,and induces immunosuppression.Hyaluronidase treatment have attempted to decrease the quantity of HA in tumors.However,hyaluronidase-driven HA degradation driven accelerates tumor cell metastasis,which is a major cause of mortality in cancer patients.Thus,we designed a novel exosome-based drug delivery system(DDS),named Exos-PH20-FA,using genetic engineering to express human hyaluronidase(PH20)and self-assembly techniques to modify the exosomes with folic acid(FA).Our results show that Exos-PH20-FA degraded HMW-HA to low-molecular-weight(LMW)-HA.Moreover,LMW-HA polarized macrophages to the M1 phenotype and reduced the number of relevant immunosuppressive immunocytes which changed the immune microenvironment from an immunosuppressive to immunosupportive phenotype.Furthermore,we demonstrated Exos-PH20-FA directly reduced hyaluronidase-induced metastasis of tumor cells.This tumor treatment also allowed an enhanced delivery of chemotherapy by tumor-targeting effect with FA modification.Our findings indicate that Exos-PH20-FA improves tumor treatment efficiency and reduces the side effects of hyaluronidase treatment,namely tumor cell metastasis.This all-in-one exosome-based HA targeting DDS maybe a promising treatment that yields more efficient and safer results. | Chunxiang Feng Zhiyong Xiong Cheng Wang Wen Xiao Haibing Xiao Kairu Xie Ke Chen Huageng Liang Xiaoping Zhang Hongmei Yang | 2021 | Bioactive Materials2021，6，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Oxidation of norbornadiene:Theoretical investigation on H-atom abstraction and related radical decomposition reactions显示文摘The chemical kinetics of hydrogen atom(H-atom)abstraction reactions from norbornadiene(NBD)by five radicals(H,O(^(3)P),OH,CH_(3),and HO_(2)),and the unimolecular reactions of three NBD derived radicals,were studied through high-level ab-initio calculations.The geometries optimization and vibrational frequencies calculation for all the reactants,transition states,and products were obtained at the M06-2X/6-311ttG(d,p)level of theory.The zeropoint energy(ZPE)corrected potential energy surfaces(PESs)were determined at the QCISD(T)/cc-pVDZ,TZ level of theory with basis set corrections from MP2/cc-pVDZ,TZ,QZ methods for single point energy calculations.Conventional transition state theory(TST)was used for the rate constants calculations of H-atom abstraction reactions by five radicals(H,O(^(3)P),OH,CH_(3),and HO_(2))at temperatures from 298.15 to 2000 K,while the a-site H-atom abstraction reaction rate constant of NBD by OH radical has been obtained through variational transition state theory(VTST).The results show that the H-atom abstraction reactions from the α-carbon atom of NBD are the most critical channels at low temperatures.Total rate constants for H-atom abstraction reactions by OH radical are also the fastest among all of the reaction channels investigated at the temperature range from 298.15 to 2000 K.Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus/Master Equation(RRKM/ME)has been used to calculate the pressure-and temperature-dependent rate constants for the unimolecular reactions of three related C7H7 product radicals which generated from H-atom abstraction reaction within temperature ranges of 300-2000 K and pressures of 0.01-100 atm.A combination of composite methods has been used to calculate the temperature-dependent thermochemical properties of NBD and related radicals.All the calculated kinetics and thermochemistry data can be utilized in the model development for NBD oxidation. | Jintao Chen Mingxia Liu Yuxiang Zhu Kairu Jin Zhenyu Tian Lijun Yang Chong-Wen Zhou | 2023 | Propulsion and Power Research2023，12，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Experimental and Modeling Study on C_(2)H_(2)Oxidation and Aromatics Formation at 1.2 MPa显示文摘Oxidation of acetylene(C_(2)H_(2))has been investigated in a high-pressure jet-stirred reactor(HP-JSR)with equivalence ratiosΦ=0.5,1.0,2.0 and 3.0 in the temperature range of 650 K-900 K at 1.2 MPa.18 products and intermediates were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Generally,withΦincreasing,the production of intermediates increases significantly.CH_(4),C_(2)H_(4),C_(2)H_(6),C_(3)H_(6)and C_(3)H_(8)were important intermediates,which were formed abundantly atΦ=3.0.Sufficient light hydrocarbon intermediates could be an important reason for significant formation of cyclopentadiene,benzene,toluene and styrene atΦ=3.0.A detailed kinetic mechanism consisting of 299 species and 2041 reactions has been developed with reasonable predictions against the present data and previous results obtained at 0.1 MPa.According to flux and sensitivity analysis,H and OH radicals play important roles in the consumption of C_(2)H_(2).The combinations among light hydrocarbons and their free radicals are the main generation pathways of aromatics.C_(3)H_(3),IC_(4)H_(5)and AC_(3)H_(5)are important precursors for the formation of aromatics.By comparing the results of atmospheric pressure and high pressure,it can be found that increasing the pressure is conducive to fuel consumption and aromatics generation. | TIAN Zhenyu TIAN Dongxu JiN Kairu CHNE Jintao JIN Zhihao LI Wang DU Lijun YANG Jiuzhong | 2023 | Journal of Thermal Science2023，32，2： | 0 |
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