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| 1 | 乳酸菌对泡菜发酵过程中亚硝酸盐含量变化及泡菜品质的影响研究显示文摘将棒状乳杆菌棒状亚种(L.coryniformis)、短乳杆菌(L.brevis)、布氏乳杆菌(L.buchneri)、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种(L.caseisubsp.Casei)、植物乳杆菌(L.plantarun)五种乳酸菌分别接种于泡菜中作为优势菌和传统的自然发酵泡菜方式进行比较,分别对泡菜的亚硝酸盐的产生及变化、pH值的变化、感官品质进行比较分析。结果表明:植物乳杆菌可以明显缩短泡菜的发酵时间,泡菜的色、香、味明显较好,并且显着降低亚硝酸盐的含量。 | 周光燕 张小平 钟凯 孙桂丹 Kristina Lindstrom | 2006 | 西南农业学报2006，19，2： | 63 |
| 2 | Modulation of liver tolerance by conventional and nonconventional antigen-presenting cells and regulatory immune cells显示文摘肝是有有免疫力的规定的优美机制的一个 tolerogenic 机关保证本地、全身的有免疫力的忍耐的保养到自我和外国抗原,但是那也能对病原体装有效有免疫力的回答。尽管有主要 histo 相容性建筑群失配,肝 allografts 的有免疫力的特权在猪首先被认出,并且称为 “肝忍耐 effect”。而且,肝移植自发地与仅仅低剂量的免疫力的抑制被接受,并且为一样的施主的非肝的共同移植的 allografts 导致忍耐。尽管这 immunotolerogenic 环境在机关移植的背景是有利的,它在象肝炎 B 一样的长期的传染的肝疾病是有害的,导致 tumorigenesis 完成的病原体坚持和弱反肿瘤或 C,疟疾,血吸虫病或。肝是 T 房间激活的一个主要地点,但是它得到 T 房间的差或不完全的激活,导致他们的未成功的激活,疲劳,他们的受动器功能的抑制和早死亡。这被病原体利用并且能损害病原体控制和清理或允许肿瘤生长。T 房间的肝的 priming 被传统的很多个本地人和 nonconventional 调停介绍抗原的房间(APC ) 由有免疫力的偏差支持忍耐, T 房间变应力缺乏或 apoptosis 感应,并且产生并且膨胀规章的 T 房间。这评论将集中于通讯在之间古典并且在在感应的忍耐和愿望的肝的 nonclassical APC 和淋巴细胞在这个过程讨论最近的卓见进天生的淋巴细胞的角色。 | Andrea Kristina Horst Katrin Neumann Linda Diehl Gisa Tiegs | 2016 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2016，13，3： | 26 |
| 3 | FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations显示文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle. | Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes | 2020 | Data Intelligence2020，2，1： | 26 |
| 4 | 我国主要花生品种的AFLP分析显示文摘对32个来源于中国不同产地的花生品种进行了AFLP指纹图谱及相似性聚类分析.结果表明:所有供试花 生品种的遗传相似性为35%,在45%的相似性水平处分为3个群,表明我国的花生品种存在遗传多态性.AFLP指纹图 谱分析技术能很好地反映出花生品种之间存在的遗传差异. | 陈强 张小平 李登煜 TEREFEWORK Zewdu LINDSTRM Kristina | 2003 | 应用与环境生物学报2003，9，2： | 26 |
| 5 | 不同施肥处理对石灰性紫色土微生物数量及氨氧化细菌群落结构的影响显示文摘【目的】通过测定不同施肥制度下的微生物数量和氨氧化细菌群落结构特点,认识长期施肥对石灰性紫色水稻土培肥和肥力演化的重要作用。【方法】利用稀释平板法以及最大或然法(MPN法)和变性梯度凝胶电泳法(DGGE)分别研究农家肥(M),氮肥+农家肥(NM),氮磷肥+农家肥(NPM),氮磷钾肥+农家肥(NPKM),无肥(CK),氮肥(N),氮磷肥(NP)和氮磷钾肥(NPK)等不同施肥制度对微生物数量和氨氧化细菌群落结构的影响。【结果】与对照无肥处理相比,施肥能增加微生物数量并改变氨氧化细菌的群落结构。无机肥配施农家肥的土壤微生物数量及氨氧化细菌的群落结构丰富度均比施用无机肥的处理高。主成分分析将8种施肥处理划分成两个主成分。植稻土壤,主成分1为NP、NM、NPM和NPKM,主成分2为CK、N、M和NPK;植麦土壤,主成分1为M、NM、NPM和NPKM,主成分2为CK、N、NP和NPK。主成分1的氨氧化细菌群落结构丰富度高于主成分2。水稻收获后土壤的氨氧化细菌群落结构丰富度高于小麦收获后土壤。【结论】施肥会改变石灰性紫色水稻土微生物的数量以及氨氧化细菌的种群结构,无机肥(N、NP、NPK)配施农家肥更有利于提高微生物的数量以及氨氧化细菌的种群结构进而维持土壤生物肥力状况。 | 辜运富 云翔 张小平 涂仕华 孙锡发 Kristina Lindstroem | 2008 | 中国农业科学2008，41，12： | 21 |
| 6 | 长期定位施肥对紫色水稻土硝化作用及硝化细菌群落结构的影响显示文摘采用化学分析和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术,从表层土壤的微生物活性及基因多样性角度研究了长期不同施肥制度对紫色水稻土硝化作用及硝化细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,经过24a长期定位肥料试验,不同施肥处理土壤pH和硝化作用均不相同,施肥在降低土壤pH的同时会增加土壤的硝化作用;不同作物种植方式也会影响土壤pH和硝化作用,紫色水稻土旱季pH和硝化作用均大于淹水土壤。施用化肥以及化肥配施有机肥不仅可以提高土壤硝化作用,也能够改变土壤中硝化细菌的群落结构;与长期单施化肥相比,长期化肥配施农家肥不仅提高了土壤的硝化作用,而且提高了土壤硝化细菌的分子多样性。UPGMA聚类分析显示,10种不同施肥处理的聚类图也不同;在水稻收割后,M,NM,NPM与NPKM聚在一个群里,CK,N和NP聚在第二个群里,而NPK,NPKMZn和NPKMMn聚成第三个群;在小麦收割后,M,NM,NPM,N,NP和NPKMMn肥料影响下的硝化细菌群落聚成一个群,NPK,NPKMZn和NPKMMn肥下的硝化细菌聚在一起,形成第二个群,对照(无肥)下的硝化细菌群落单独成为第三个群。应用PCR-DGGE技术可以揭示石灰性紫色水稻土上24a不同施肥及作物栽培管理措施下的硝化细菌分子群落结构特点。 | 辜运富 张小平 涂仕华 孙锡发 Kristina Lindstrǒm | 2008 | 生态学报2008，28，5： | 20 |
| 7 | Role of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in colorectal liver metastases:A review显示文摘Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the Western world. Approximately half of patients will develop liver metastases, which is the most common cause of death. The only potentially curative treatment is surgical resection. However, many patients retain a to small future liver remnant(FLR) to allow for resection directly. There are therefore strategies todecrease the tumor with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to increase the FLR. An accepted strategy to increase the FLR is portal vein occlusion(PVO). A concern with this strategy is that a large proportion of patients will never be operated because of progression during the interval between PVO and resection. ALPPS(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy) is a new procedure with a high resection rate. A concern with this approach is the rather high frequency of complications and high mortality, compared to PVO. In this review, it is shown that with ALPPS the resection rate was 97.1% for CRLM and the mortality rate for all diagnoses was 9.6%. The mortality rate was likely lower for patients with CRLM, but some data were lacking in the reports. Due to the novelty of ALPPS, the indications and technique are not yet established but there are arguments for ALPPS in the context of CRLM and a small FLR. | Kristina Hasselgren Per Sandstrom Bergthor Bjornsson | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，15： | 16 |
| 8 | 钼与花生根瘤菌的复配及在酸性紫色土上的接种效果显示文摘通过供试菌株Spr4-5、Spr2-9耐钼酸钠、钼酸铵试验表明,根瘤菌耐Mo能力强,耐钼酸铵能力比钼酸钠强,不同菌株耐钼能力不同。在研制的“高效根瘤菌+Mo”的复合菌肥中,用钼酸铵生产的复合菌肥比用钼酸钠的活菌数高,高活菌数持续的时间长;复合菌肥的pH一般随含钼量的增加和贮存时间的延长而升高,但复合钼酸铵菌肥pH增幅较小,复合钼酸钠菌肥pH增幅较大。在贮存的180d内,复合钼酸铵的菌肥活菌数和pH均符合《根瘤菌肥料》质量标准;钼酸钠对菌肥的活菌数和pH影响大,钼酸钠不宜作为钼肥添加到根瘤菌剂中。盆栽试验表明,不同菌株共生固氮的有效性与钼酸铵浓度相关。钼酸铵浓度为0.2%时,供试菌株Spr 4-5共生固氮效果最好,比CK增产73.4%,比传统菌肥增产13.7%,占瘤率为59.7%;钼酸铵浓度为0.3%时,Spr 2-9共生固氮效果最好,比CK增产49%,比传统菌肥增产21.4%,占瘤率为70.3%;其增产效果均达极显著水平。 | 徐开未 张小平 陈远学 陈强 李登煜 Kristina Lindstrm | 2005 | 植物营养与肥料学报2005，11，6： | 15 |
| 9 | Periodontitis-induced systemic inflammation exacerbates atherosclerosis partly via endothelial–mesenchymal transition in mice显示文摘Growing evidence suggests close associations between periodontitis and atherosclerosis.To further understand the pathological relationships of these associations,we developed periodontitis with ligature placement around maxillary molars or ligature placement in conjunction with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide injection at the ligature sites (ligature/P.g.LPS) in Apolipoprotein E knock out mice and studied the atherogenesis process in these animals.The mice were fed with high fat diet for 11 weeks and sacrificed for analyzing periodontitis,systemic inflammation,and atherosclerosis.Controls did not develop periodontitis or systemic inflammation and had minimal lipid deposition in the aortas,but mice receiving ligature or ligature/P.g.LPS showed severe periodontitis,systemic inflammation,and aortic plaque formation.The aortic plaque contained abundant macrophages and cells expressing both endothelial and mesenchymal cell markers.The severity of periodontitis was slightly higher in mice receiving ligature/P.g.LPS than ligature alone,and the magnitude of systemic inflammation and aortic plaque formation were also notably greater in the mice with ligature/P.g.LPS.These observations indicate that the development of atherosclerosis is due to systemic inflammation caused by severe periodontitis.In vitro,P.g.LPS enhanced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages and increased the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by upregulating the expression of adhesion molecules from endothelial cells.Moreover,secretory proteins,such as TNF-α,from macrophages induced endothelial–mesenchymal transitions of the endothelial cells.Taken together,systemic inflammation induced by severe periodontitis might exacerbate atherosclerosis via,in part,causing aberrant functions of vascular endothelial cells and the activation of macrophages in mice. | Jin Sook Suh Sol Kim Kristina I.Bostrom Cun-Yu Wang Reuben H.Kim No-Hee Park | 2019 | International Journal of Oral Science2019，11，3： | 15 |
| 10 | Co-expression of CDX2 and MUC2 in gastric carcinomas: Correlations with clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the role of CDX2 homeobox protein as a predictor for cancer progression and prognosis as well as its correlation with MUC2 expression. CDX2 represents a transcription factor for various intestinal genes (including MUC2) and thus an important regulator of intestinal differentiation, which could previously be identified in gastric carcinomas and intestinal metaplasia.METHODS: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 190 gastric carcinoma patients were stained with monodonal antibodies recognizing CDX2 and MUC2, respectively. Immunoreactivity was evaluated semiquantitatively and statistical analyses including χ2 tests, uni- and multi-variate survival analyses were performed.RESULTS: CDX2 was mostly expressed in a nuclear or supranuclear pattern, whereas MUC2 showed an almost exclusive supranuclear reactivity. Both antigens were present in >80% of areas exhibiting intestinal metaplasia. An immunoreactivity in >5% of the tumor area was observed in 57% (CDX2) or in 21% (MUC2) of the carcinomas. The presence of both molecules did not correlate with WHO,significantly stronger vlUC2 expression in mucinous tumors). CDX2 correlated with a lower pT and pN stage in the subgroups of intestinal and stage I cancers and was associated with MUC2 positivity. A prognostic impact of CDX2 or MUC2 was not observed. CONCLUSION: CDX2 and MUC2 play an important role in the differentiation of normal, inflamed, and neoplastic gastric tissues. According to our results, loss of CDX2 may represent a marker of tumor progression in early gastric cancer and carcinomas with an intestinal phenotype. | Kristina Roessler Stefan P.M(o|¨)nig Paul M.Schneider Franz-Georg Hanisch Stephanie Landsberg Juergen Thiele Arnulf H.H(o|¨)lscher Hans P.Dienes Stephan E.Baldus | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，21： | 15 |
| 11 | 花生根瘤菌在根瘤菌系统分类中的地位研究显示文摘用12株分类地位已知的代表菌为对照,采用现代细菌分类学方法,对从四川省4个花生产区的天府3号和地方品种上分离的花生根瘤菌,从系统发育方面,探索了花生根瘤菌在根瘤菌系统中的分类地位。多聚酶链反应(PCR)扩增的16S rRNA的4种限制性内切酶长度多态(PCR-RFLP)以及16S rRNA部分碱基序列测定结果同时表明:四川花生根瘤菌与慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)相似性极高。由此推论它们在系统发育及进化方向上是基本一致的。该结果为研究花生根瘤菌的确切分类地位打下了基础。 | 张小平 陈强 李登煜 Kristina L | 1996 | 微生物学报1996，36，3： | 13 |
| 12 | 川西高原牧区自然发酵酸乳中优良乳酸菌性能测定及应用显示文摘本实验从川西高原牧区采集的自然发酵的酸奶中分离出120株乳酸菌,通过在牛乳中的传代实验,筛选出6株遗传性状稳定,凝乳状态好,风味独特的乳酸菌菌株,对这6株菌进行了冷藏过程中的理化性质及活菌数的测定,并通过菌株间的组合发酵以及不同工艺条件的正交实验,选出了最好的菌种组合和最佳的生产工艺用于酸奶的生产。 | 敖晓琳 张小平 李诚 鲁妮 Kristina Lindstrm | 2005 | 乳业科学与技术2005，27，2： | 13 |
| 13 | “根瘤菌+Mo”菌剂和AM菌剂对花生生长和产量的影响显示文摘针对四川花生主产区酸性紫色土缺氮、磷、钼的现状,并依据'高效花生根瘤菌+Mo'显著的增产效果和丛枝菌根(AM)真菌高效吸磷特性,分别将R(高效花生根瘤菌)+Mo、AM菌剂(Glomus mosseae)、AM+R+Mo对盆栽花生进行处理。试验结果如下:(1)单接种G.mosseae能显著提高土著根瘤菌的结瘤能力,极显著提高盛花期植株含磷量。植株盛花期干重、叶绿素、总氮、总钾量高于单接种花生根瘤菌Spr 4-5(R)和CK,且与CK达到显著或极显著水平。单接种根瘤菌Spr 4-5比单接种G.mosseae增产10.1%,差异不显著;分别比CK增产52.5%、38.5%,差异均达极显著水平。Spr 4-5和G.mosseae均是高效菌株。(2)Spr 4-5和G.mosseae双接种比单接种Spr4-5或G.mosseae分别增产3.8%、14.3%,差异不显著;比CK增产58.3%,达极显著水平。(3)'AM+Spr 4-5+钼酸铵'菌剂处理比等钼量的'Spr 4-5+钼酸铵'菌剂的产量低,且达到极显著水平;G.mosseae对钼敏感;与供试根瘤菌正协同效果最佳的钼酸铵浓度为2‰。 | 徐开未 张小平 陈远学 Kristina Lindstrm | 2009 | 中国油料作物学报2009，31，2： | 12 |
| 14 | Rehabilitation following spinal cord injury:how animal models can help our understanding of exercise-induced neuroplasticity显示文摘Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that is followed by long and often unsuccessful recovery after trauma. The state of the art approach to manage paralysis and concomitant impairments is rehabilitation, which is the only strategy that has proven to be effective and beneficial for the patients over the last decades. How rehabilitation influences the remodeling of spinal axonal connections in patients is important to understand, in order to better target these changes and define the optimal timing and onset of training. While clinically the answers to these questions remain difficult to obtain, rodent models of rehabilitation like bicycling, treadmill training, swimming, enriched environments or wheel running that mimic clinical rehabilitation can be helpful to reveal the axonal changes underlying motor recovery. This review will focus on the different animal models of spinal cord injury rehabilitation and the underlying changes in neuronal networks that are improved by exercise and rehabilitation. | Kristina Loy Florence M.Bareyre | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，3： | 11 |
| 15 | Incretin based therapies:A novel treatment approach for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome(MS).The current treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)principally includes amelioration of MS components by lifestyle modifications but the lack of success in their implementation and sustainment arises the need for effective pharmacological agent in fatty liver treatment.Incretins are gut derived hormones secreted into the circulation in response to nutrient ingestion that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)is the most important incretin.Its receptor agonist and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)are used in treatment of type2 diabetes mellitus.DPP-4 serum activity and hepatic expression are shown to be elevated in several hepatic diseases.There are several experimental and clinical trials exploring the efficacy of incretin based therapies in NAFLD treatment.They suggest that GLP-1 analogues might have beneficial effect on hepatic steatosis acting as insulin sensitizers and directly by stimulating GLP-1 receptors expressed on hepatocytes.The use of DPP-4 inhibitors also results in hepatic fat reduction but the mechanism of action remains unclear.There is growing evidence that incretin based therapies have beneficial effects on hepatocytes,however further study analysis are needed to assess the long term effect of incretin based therapies on NAFLD. | Kristina Blaslov Tomislav Bulum Karin Zibar Lea Duvnjak | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 10 |
| 16 | Malnutrition affects quality of life in gastroenterology patients显示文摘瞄准:与良性的胃肠的疾病调查在在病人的生命的营养不良和质量之间的协会。方法:200 个病人(养育的 104 井并且 96 营养不良) 根据主观全球评价,人体测量的大小和简历被估计电的阻抗分析。生命的质量与短形式的一般健康调查的验证医药结果学习 36 条款(SF 36 ) 被决定。肌肉功能手工被估计掌握力量和山峰流动。结果:身体集体索引,身体细胞群,手臂肌肉区域和手握力法力量在营养不良的病人是显著地更低的。当时,生命的质量通常更低与标准价值相比。七从生活规模的八质量(排除身体疼痛) 显著地在营养不良的病人被减少。把病人与肝肝硬化和煽动性的肠疾病(IBD ) 作比较,有经历的 IBD 的病人显著地在感觉降低价值身体疼痛,社会工作和心理健康。营养不良的肝 cirrhotics 在更多的规模承受了减小(六从八) 比营养不良的 IBD,病人们做了(四从八) 。结论:生命的质量在良性的胃肠的疾病通常是低的并且进一步在作为营养不良被分类的病人被减少。看来,肝肝硬化病人比 IBD 病人做经历生命的高质量,但是营养不良的影响似乎比在 IBD 在肝肝硬化更大。 | Kristina Norman Henriette Kirchner Herbert Lochs Matthias Pirlich | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，21： | 10 |
| 17 | 慢生花生根瘤菌的遗传多样性研究(英文)显示文摘用REP1R1和REP21DNA为引物,对22株四川土著慢生花生根瘤菌染色体DNA的基因外回文重复序列(RepetitiveExtrogenicpalindromicsequenceREP)进行了PCR扩增和凝胶电泳,并对电泳结果的指纹图型进行了相似性聚类分析.结果表明了四川土著慢生花生根瘤菌的遗传多样性. | 张小平 李登煜 NICK Giselle LINDSTR M Kristina | 1998 | 应用与环境生物学报1998，4，1： | 9 |
| 18 | 药用植物内生芽孢杆菌的多样性和系统发育研究显示文摘【目的】了解药用植物内生芽孢杆菌的生物多样性。【方法】采用数值分类、16S rDNA PCR-RFLP、BOX-PCR指纹图谱和16S rDNA序列分析技术对分离于几种药用植物的内生芽孢杆菌和已知参比菌株进行表型、遗传多样性及系统发育研究。【结果】供试菌株在数值分类聚类分析中在84%的相似水平上产生13个表观群。16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析表明供试菌株表现出丰富的遗传多样性。BOX-PCR指纹图谱分析进一步证明药用植物的内生芽孢杆菌的基因组也具有多样性,聚群的结果与数值分类有较好一致性。用软件在Genbank中进行所得序列的同源性检索,并构建系统发育树。由16S rDNA序列分析可知,供试的代表菌株SCAU11与球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)亲缘关系最近,SCAU78和SCAU25为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的两个亚种,代表菌株SCAU39与巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)的亲缘关系最近。【结论】研究结果表明药用植物内生芽孢杆菌具有明显的表型和遗传多样性。 | 陈兰 张小平 Kristina Lindstrom | 2008 | 微生物学报2008，48，4： | 9 |
| 19 | Stents for malignant ureteral obstruction显示文摘Malignant ureteral obstruction can result in renal dysfunction or urosepsis and can limit the physician’s ability to treat the underlying cancer.There are multiple methods to deal with ureteral obstruction including regular polymeric double J stents(DJS),tandem DJS,nephrostomy tubes,and then more specialized products such as solid metal stents(e.g.,Resonance Stent,Cook Medical)and polyurethane stents reinforced with nickel-titanium(e.g.,UVENTA stents,TaeWoong Medical).In patients who require long-term stenting,a nephrostomy tube could be transformed subcutaneously into an extra-anatomic stent that is then inserted into the bladder subcutaneously.We outline the most recent developments published since 2012 and report on identifiable risk factors that predict for failure of urinary drainage.These failures are typically a sign of cancer progression and the natural history of the disease rather than the individual type of drainage device.Factors that were identified to predict drainage failure included low serum albumin,bilateral hydronephrosis,elevated C-reactive protein,and the presence of pleural effusion.Head-to-head studies show that metal stents are superior to polymeric DJS in terms of maintaining patency.Discussions with the patient should take into consideration the frequency that exchanges will be needed,the need for externalized hardware(with nephrostomy tubes),or severe urinary symptoms in the case of internal DJS.This review will highlight the current state of diversions in the setting of malignant ureteral obstruction. | Kristina Pavlovic Dirk Lange Ben H.Chew | 2016 | Asian Journal of Urology2016，3，3： | 9 |
| 20 | 高效苜蓿根瘤菌的筛选显示文摘旨在利用celB基因标记技术从土著根瘤菌中筛选出与盛世苜蓿品种相匹配的有效性高、竞争性强的高效苜蓿根瘤菌株。从四川雅安、重庆北碚、万州采集野生苜蓿根瘤,采用平板划线法分离纯化获得93株纯菌株,通过与盛世品种在无氮水培液中进行结瘤试验和有效性分析并结合菌株的地理来源,初筛出了与对照相比有效性较高的4株苜蓿根瘤菌,分别为Y6-1-1、BB1-8-1-1、BB2-2-1-1和WZ-6-2-2。进一步利用celB基因标记技术对这4株菌进行竞争性研究,通过供体大肠杆菌HAMBI2356与根瘤菌接合的方法成功地将celB基因导入4个菌株中,对标记基因可能会对标记菌株产生的影响进行检测,结果表明标记基因在标记菌株内能稳定传代,而且对标记菌株的生长、竞争性及有效性都没有显著影响,从而证明celB基因标记技术可以作为一种简便、直观而又有效的检测手段用于追踪根瘤菌株在土壤中的竞争性。进一步通过田间试验比较分析标记菌与土著菌的竞争结瘤能力和固氮有效性,结果表明Y6-1-1、BB2-2-1-1、WZ-6-2-2与对照相比在占瘤率、瘤重、总瘤数上差异显著,占瘤率都在72%以上,显著提高了植株的干重、叶绿素含量、全氮量和产量,其中WZ-6-2-2的有效性最高、竞争性最强,可以用于苜蓿盛世品种的接种。 | 钟文文 张小平 Kristina Lindstrom | 2006 | 西北农业学报2006，15，3： | 8 |
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