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| 1 | Correlation of p53 over-expression and alteration in p53 gene detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism in adenocarcinoma of gastric cancer patients from India显示文摘AIM:To study the alterations in p53 gene among Indian gastric cancer patients and to correlate them with the various clinicopathological parameters. METHODS:A total of 103 gastric cancer patients were included in this study.The p53 alterations were studied by both immunohistochemical method as well as polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP)analysis.We only studied four(exon 5,6,7,and 8)of the 11 p53 exons.The alterations in p53 were also correlated with respect to various clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS:Among 103 cases,p53 over-expression and alteration were detected in 37(35.92%)and 19(18.44%)cases,respectively.Most of the p53 alterations were found at exon 5(31.54%),followed by exon 6(26.31%),exon 7(21.04%)and exon 8(21.04%).A significant correlation of p53 over- expression was found with p53 alteration(P=0.000). Concordance between p53 alteration(as detected by SSCP)and over-expression[as detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC)]was found in 75%cases. We found that IHC-positive/SSCP-negative cases accounted for 21%of cases and IHC-negative/SSCP- positive cases accounted for remaining 4%cases. CONCLUSION:Our results show that p53 genemutations are significantly correlated with p53 protein overxpression,with 75%concordance in overexpression and alteration in the p53 gene,but 25% disconcordance also cautions against the assumption that p53 over-expression is always associated with a gene mutation.There may be other mechanisms responsible for stabilization and accumulation of p53 protein with no evidence of gene mutation that reflect an accumulation of a non-mutated protein,or a false negative SSCP result. | Sajjad Karim Arif Ali | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，11： | 28 |
| 2 | Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of pancreatic carcinoma: 1990-2010显示文摘Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Most patients present with obstructive jaundice, epigastric or back pain, weight loss and anorexia. Despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, the majority of cases are still detected in advanced stages. The only curative treatment for PC remains surgical resection. No more than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis and survival remains quite poor as adjuvant therapies are not very effective. A small percentage of patients with borderline non-resectable PC might benefit from neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy enabling them to undergo resection; however, randomized controlled studies are needed to prove the benefits of this strategy. Patients with unresectable PC benefit from palliative interventions such as biliary decompression and celiac plexus block. Further clinical trials to evaluate new chemo and radiation protocols as well as identification of genetic markers for PC are needed to improve the overall survival of patients affected by PC, as the current overall 5-year survival rate of patients affected by PC is still less than 5%. The aim of this article is to review the most recent high quality literature on this topic. | Chakshu Sharma Karim M Eltawil Paul D Renfrew Mark J Walsh Michele Molinari | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，7： | 28 |
| 3 | Hepatitis B virus genotypes:an overview显示文摘BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally.The quest continues to identify viral factors that influence disease progression and severity as well as responses to treatment of HBV infection.Based on variations in HBV,the virus has been divided into a number of genotypes. DATA SOURCES:Review of published literature on HBV genotypes. RESULTS:HBV genotypes are likely to be important in determining the severity and progression of HBV-induced liver disease as well as responses to different anti-viral agents. CONCLUSION:Although HBV genotyping is not yet recommended for routine use in treating HBV infection, available data suggest that,as in hepatitis C virus infection, HBV genotyping is also likely to become a routine investigation for HBV treatment,perhaps in the not too distant future. | Mamun-Al Mahtab Salimur Rahman Mobin Khan Fazal Karim | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，5： | 25 |
| 4 | 热应激蛋白在运输应激的猪肾脏中的表达显示文摘利用Western blot技术,研究了长途运输实验猪肾脏中5种不同分子量的热应激蛋白HSP70 、HSP72、HSP86、HSP90和HSP27的表达。所有长途运输后应激猪和对照猪肾脏组织中均检测到了上述5种HSP,对照猪肾脏组织中HSP的表达说明HSP具有独立于应激刺激应答以外的在细胞内行使正常生理功能的作用;6 h的长途运输应激后,HSP在肾脏组织中的表达量发生明显改变,但不同家族的HSP的表达量显著不同,表现为HSP70家族的HSP70(P<0.01)、HSP72(P>0.05)和HSP90家族的HSP86(P>0.05)、HSP90(P<0.01)的表达明显下降,提示肾脏组织在长途运输中病理损伤的可能性。实验结果也显示HSP27的表达量略有升高(P<0.05),说明在应激反应中不同家族的HSP可能有不同的生理作用。 | 鲍恩东 Karim R.Sultan B.Nowak J.Hartung | 2001 | 农业生物技术学报2001，9，3： | 15 |
| 5 | Big data storage technologies: a survey显示文摘对于容量快速增长、日趋多元化的大数据,业界亟需开发可行性更好的存储工具。为满足大数据存储需求,存储机制已经形成从传统数据管理系统到No SQL技术的结构化转移。然而,目前可用的大数据存储技术无法为持续增长的异构数据提供一致、可扩展和可用的解决方案。在科学实验、医疗保健、社交网络和电子商务等实际应用中,存储是大数据分析的第一步。截至目前,亚马逊、谷歌和阿帕奇等公司形成了大数据存储方案的行业标准,但尚未有关于大数据存储技术性能和容量提升的深入调查和文献报告。本文旨在对目前可用于大数据的最先进的存储技术进行全面调查,提供了一个明确的大数据存储技术分类方法,以帮助数据分析师和研究人员了解和选择更适合其需求的存储机制。我们使用布鲁尔的CAP定理比较和分析了现有存储方法,评估了不同存储架构的性能,讨论了存储技术的意义、应用及其对其他类别数据的支持。为了加快部署可靠和可扩展的存储系统,文中还突出了未来研究面临的几个挑战。 | Aisha SIDDIQA Ahmad KARIM Abdullah GANI | 2017 | Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering2017，18，8： | 15 |
| 6 | Computed tomography overestimation of esophageal tumor length: Implications for radiotherapy planning显示文摘AIM:To assess the relationship between preoperative computed tomography(CT)and postoperative pathological measurements of esophageal tumor length and the prognostic significance of CT tumor length data.METHODS:A retrospective study was carried out in 56 patients who underwent curative esophagogastrectomy.Tumor lengths were measured on the immediate preoperative CT and on the post-operative resection specimens.Inter-and intra-observer variations in CT measurements were assessed.Survival data were collected.RESULTS:There was a weak correlation between CT and pathological tumor length(r=0.30,P=0.025).CT lengths were longer than pathological lengths in 68%(38/56)of patients with a mean difference of 1.67 cm(95%CI:1.18-2.97).The mean difference in measurements by two radiologists was 0.39 cm(95% CI:-0.59-1.44).The mean difference between repeat CT measured tumor length(intra-observer variation) were 0.04 cm(95%CI:-0.59-0.66)and 0.47 cm (95%CI:-0.53-1.47).When stratified,patients not receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed a strong correlation between CT and pathological tumor length(r =0.69,P=0.0014,n=37)than patients that did(r= 0.13,P=0.43,n=19).Median survival with CT tumor length>5.6 cm was poorer than with smaller tumors,but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Esophageal tumor length assessed using CT does not reflect pathological tumor extent and should not be the only modality used for management decisions,particularly for planning radiotherapy. | Karim Sillah Luke R Williams Hans-Ulrich Laasch Azeem Saleem Gillian Watkins Susan A Pritchard Patricia M Price Catharine M West Ian M Welch | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，4： | 10 |
| 7 | Tagetes erecta Linn.and its mosquitocidal potency against Culex quinquefasciatus显示文摘Objective:To investigate mosquitocidal effects of ethanolic extract of(lowers of Tagetes erecta(T.erecta) and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus).Methods:The fresh flowers of T.erecta were extracted in cold with ethanol(5.0 L) and after concentration,the ethanol extract was fractionated with chloroform and petroleum ether to afford a brownish syrupy suspension of ethanol extract(50.0 g),petroleum ether soluble fraction(18.6 g) and chloroform soluble fraction(23.8 g).The larvicidal effect of ethanol extract and their solvent fractions were determined by the standard procedure of WHO against different instars of Cx.quinquefasciatus.Results:Among the tested samples the chloroform soluble fractions showed the highest toxicity and consequently,the lowest LC_(50) values(14.14 μ g/mL,17.06 μ g/mL.36.88 μ g/mL and 75.48 μ g/mL) for all the instars larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus.The larvae showed comparative tolerance in the course of increasing age and time.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the flowers of T.erecta are very effective natural larvicide and could be useful against Cx.quinquefasciatus. | Farjana Nikkon M Rowshanul Habib Zahangir Alam Saud M Rezaul Karim | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，3： | 10 |
| 8 | Pivotal role of long non-coding ribonucleic acid-X-inactive specific transcript in regulating immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 through a shared pathway between miR-194-5p and miR-155-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND Anti-programmed death therapy has thrust immunotherapy into the spotlight.However,such therapy has a modest response in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Epigenetic immunomodulation is a suggestive combinatorial therapy with immune checkpoint blockade.Non-coding ribonucleic acid(ncRNA)driven regulation is a major mechanism of epigenetic modulation.Given the wide range of ncRNAs that co-opt in programmed cell-death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)regulation,and based on the literature,we hypothesized that miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)X-inactive specific transcript(XIST)and MALAT-1 are involved in a regulatory upstream pathway for PD-1/PD-L1.Recently,nutraceutical therapeutics in cancers have received increasing attention.Thus,it is interesting to study the impact of oleuropein on the respective study key players.AIM To explore potential upstream regulatory ncRNAs for the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1.METHODS Bioinformatics tools including microrna.org and lnCeDB software were adopted to detect targeting of miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p and lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1 to PD-L1 mRNA,respectively.In addition,Diana tool was used to predict targeting of both aforementioned miRNAs to lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1.HCC and normal tissue samples were collected for scanning of PD-L1,XIST and MALAT-1 expression.To study the interaction among miR-155-5p,miR-194-5p,lncRNAs XIST and MALAT-1,as well as PD-L1 mRNA,a series of transfections of the Huh-7 cell line was carried out.RESULTS Bioinformatics software predicted that miR-155-5p and miR-194-5p can target PDL1,MALAT-1 and XIST.MALAT-1 and XIST were predicted to target PD-L1 mRNA.PD-L1 and XIST were significantly upregulated in 23 HCC biopsies compared to healthy controls;however,MALAT-1 was barely detected.MiR-194 induced expression elevated the expression of PD-L1,XIST and MALAT-1.However,overexpression of miR-155-5p induced the upregulation of PD-L1 and XIST,while it had a negative impact on MALAT-1 expression.Knockdown of XIST did have an impact on PD-L1 expression;however,following knockdown of the negative regulator of X-inactive specific transcript(TSIX),PD-L1 expression was elevated,and abolished MALAT-1 activity.Upon co-transfection of miR-194-5p with siMALAT-1,PD-L1 expression was elevated.Co-transfection of miR-194-5p with siXIST did not have an impact on PD-L1 expression.Upon co-transfection of miR-194 with siTSIX,PD-L1 expression was upregulated.Interestingly,the same PD-L1 expression pattern was observed following miR-155-5p cotransfections.Oleuropein treatment of Huh-7 cells reduced the expression profile of PD-L1,XIST,and miR-155-5p,upregulated the expression of miR-194-5p and had no significant impact on the MALAT-1 expression profile.CONCLUSION This study reported a novel finding revealing that opposing acting miRNAs in HCC,have the same impact on PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint by sharing a common signaling pathway. | Sara M Atwa Heba Handoussa Karim M Hosny Margarete Odenthal Hend M El Tayebi | 2020 | World Journal of Hepatology2020，12，12： | 9 |
| 9 | Rifaximin vs conventional oral therapy for hepatic encephalopathy:A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To characterize the efficacy of rifaximin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as several randomized controlled studies have shown contradictory results on its effectiveness in comparison to other oral agents. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of all eligible trials identifi ed through electronic and manual searches. Twelve randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 565 patients. RESULTS: The clinical effectiveness of rifaximin was equivalent to disaccharides or other oral antibiotics[odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-4.08] but with a better safety profi le (OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.59). At the completion of treatment protocols, patients receiving rifaximin showed lower serum ammonia levels [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -10.65; 95% CI: -23.4-2.1; P = 0.10], better mental status (WMD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.57-0.08; P = 0.15) and less asterixis (WMD -0.1; 95% CI -0.26-0.07; P = 0.25) without reaching statistical signifi cance. On the other hand, other psychometric outcomes such as electroencephalographic response and grades of portosystemic encephalopathy were superior in patients treated with rifaximin in comparison to the control group (WMD = 0.21, 95% CI: -0.33-0.09, P = 0.0004; and WMD = -2.33, 95% CI: -2.68-1.98, P = 0.00001, respectively). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis did not show any signifi cant difference in the above fi ndings. CONCLUSION: Rifaximin appears to be at least as effective as other conventional oral agents for the treatment of HE with a better safety profi le. | Karim M Eltawil Marie Laryea Kevork Peltekian Michele Molinari | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，8： | 9 |
| 10 | Watershed classification by remote sensing indices: A fuzzy c-means clustering approach显示文摘Determining the relatively similar hydrological properties of the watersheds is very crucial in order to readily classify them for management practices such as flood and soil erosion control. This study aimed to identify homogeneous hydrological watersheds using remote sensing data in western Iran. To achieve this goal, remote sensing indices including SAVI, LAI, NDMI, NDVI and snow cover, were extracted from MODIS data over the period 2000 to 2015. Then, a fuzzy method was used to clustering the watersheds based on the extracted indices. A fuzzy c-mean(FCM) algorithm enabled to classify 38 watersheds in three homogeneous groups.The optimal number of clusters was determined through evaluation of partition coefficient, partition entropy function and trial and error. The results indicated three homogeneous regions identified by the fuzzy c-mean clustering and remote sensing product which are consistent with the variations of topography and climate of the study area. Inherently,the grouped watersheds have similar hydrological properties and are likely to need similar management considerations and measures. | Bahram CHOUBIN Karim SOLAIMANI Mahmoud HABIBNEJAD ROSHAN Arash MALEKIAN | 2017 | Journal of Mountain Science2017，14，10： | 9 |
| 11 | A review on promising phytochemical, nutritional and glycemic control studies on Moringa oleifera Lam. in tropical and sub-tropical regions显示文摘Plants have provided sources to find novel compounds. These plants are being used as therapeutic purposes since the birth of mankind. The traditional healers normally utilize medicinal plants as crude drugs while scientists using the folk claim as guides to explore medicinal plants. Moringa oleifera is a famous edible plant having therapeutic and nutritive values. The present study was designed to cumulate the research data regarding to what extent, phytochemical, nutritional and glycemic control studies has been explored using its different extracts. The articles indicated that the powder, aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera(leaves, pods, seeds, stem and root bark) have significant therapeutic herbal potential to treat diabetes mellitus. Collectively, the mechanism behind is intestinal glucose inhibition, insulin release as well as decrease in insulin resistance probably regeneration of b-cells of pancreas, increase in glutathione and reduction in malondialdehyde. Conclusively, this article give descriptive information about antidiabetic effect, claimed marker compounds and proposed antihyperglycemic mechanism of a single plant. It can be suggested a potential herbal source to treat diabetes mellitus as being widely accepted by major population as nutrition and therapeutic agent. | Hafiz Irfan Muhammad Mohd Zaini Asmawi Nurzalina Abdul Karim Khan | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，10： | 8 |
| 12 | Two-Dimensional Tellurium:Progress,Challenges,and Prospects显示文摘Since the successful fabrication of two-dimensional(2D)tellurium(Te)in 2017,its fascinating properties including a thickness dependence bandgap,environmental stability,piezoelectric effect,high carrier mobility,and photoresponse among others show great potential for various applications.These include photodetectors,field-effect transistors,piezoelectric devices,modulators,and energy harvesting devices.However,as a new member of the 2D material family,much less known is about 2D Te compared to other 2D materials.Motivated by this lack of knowledge,we review the recent progress of research into 2D Te nanoflakes.Firstly,we introduce the background and motivation of this review.Then,the crystal structures and synthesis methods are presented,followed by an introduction to their physical properties and applications.Finally,the challenges and further development directions are summarized.We believe that milestone investigations of 2D Te nanoflakes will emerge soon,which will bring about great industrial revelations in 2D materials-based nanodevice commercialization. | Zhe Shi Rui Cao Karim Khan Ayesha Khan Tareen Xiaosong Liu Weiyuan Liang Ye Zhang Chunyang Ma Zhinan Guo Xiaoling Luo Han Zhang | 2020 | Nano-Micro Letters2020，12，8： | 8 |
| 13 | Pancreatic injury in patients with septic shock: A literature review显示文摘Sepsis and septic shock are life threatening condition associated with high mortality rate in critically-ill patients. This high mortality is mainly related to the inadequacy between oxygen delivery and cellular demand leading to the onset of multiorgan dysfunction. Whether this multiorgan failure affect the pancreas is not fully investigated. In fact, pancreatic injury may occur because of ischemia, overwhelming inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis and/or metabolic derangement. Increased serum amylase and/or lipase levels are common in patients with septic shock. However, imaging test rarely reveal significant pancreatic damage. Whether pancreatic dysfunction does affect the prognosis of patients with septic shock or not is still a matter of debate. In fact, only few studies with limited sample size assessed the clinical relevance of the pancreatic injury in this group of patients. In this review, we aimed to describe the epidemiology and the physiopathology of pancreatic injury in septic shock patients, to clarify whether it requires specific management and to assess its prognostic value. Our main finding is that pancreatic injury does not significantly affect the outcome in septic shock patients. Hence, increased serum pancreatic enzymes without clinical features of acute pancreatitis do not require further imaging investigations and specific therapeutic intervention. | Anis Chaari Karim Abdel Hakim Kamel Bousselmi Mahmoud Etman Mohamed El Bahr Ahmed El Saka Eman Hamza Mohamed Ismail Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil Vipin Kauts William Francis Casey | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016，8，7： | 8 |
| 14 | PI3K signaling pathway targeting by using different molecular approaches to treat cancer显示文摘Recent evidence of research has been proposed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) pathway is noticeable target for searching novel anticancer agents. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) is accountable for harmonizing a diverse range of cell functions, such as transcription, proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, degranulation, vesicular trafficking and cell migration, which are mostly involved in carcinogenesis. Particularly, PI3K-mediated signaling molecules and its effects on gene expression contribute to tumorigenesis. PI3Ks generally are grouped into three distinct classes: Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ according to their structure and function. The class IA of PI3K includes an alpha, beta or delta p110 catalytic subunit(p110α, p110β, or p110γ), which are associated with the activation of RTKs. Mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K, have just been recognized as novel mechanisms of inducing oncogenic PI3K signaling. Therefore, the class IA PI3K is the only one of most evidently implicated in cancer. The PI3K pathway is mostly mutated in more cancer patients compared with normal person, making it an eyecatching molecular target for analyses based on inhibitor molecule. In this article, we highlighted the signaling effects and regulation pathway of PI3K involved in the development and survival of tumor cells. The consequence and intricacy of PI3K pathway made it an essential beneficial target for cancer treatment. | Mohammad Rashid Shahid Karim Babar Ali Shamshir Khan Makhmur Ahmad Asif Husain Ravinesh Mishra | 2017 | Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences2017，26，9： | 7 |
| 15 | Hepatitis E virus is a leading cause of acute-on-chronic liver disease:experience from a tertiary centre in Bangladesh显示文摘BACKGROUND:Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) is common in Bangladesh.Acute viral E hepatitis is sporadically encountered in this country each year,with a rising incidence in the rainy season.This study aimed to identify the etiology of ACLF in Bangladesh. METHODS:In this retrospective study,69 ACLF patients were included.They presented to our department at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in Dhaka.History of diseases was recorded and appropriate investigations were conducted in all patients. RESULTS:Acute hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection was positive in 21.7%(15/69)of the patients,while 14.5% (10/69)had septicemia.Upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage was seen in 4.3%of the patients(3/69),while another 4.3%(3/69)had a positive history for alcohol or drugs.None of the patients tested positive for hepatitis A virus infection and no evidence of hepatitis B virus flare was found in any patient.No specific cause for ACLF could be identified. CONCLUSIONS:Acute HEV infection is a leading cause of ACLF in Bangladesh.Many patients were thought to have decompensation of cirrhosis,but subsequently were recognized as having ACLF by a retrospective review according to the definition of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver Working Party Meeting on ACLF in New Delhi in early 2008. | Mamun-Al Mahtab Salimur Rahman Mobin Khan Md.Fazal Karim | 2009 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2009，8，1： | 7 |
| 16 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 17 | Treatment-related gastrointestinal toxicities and advanced colorectal or pancreatic cancer:A critical update显示文摘Gastrointestinal toxicities(GIT), including oral mucositis,nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea, are common side effects of chemotherapy and targeted agents in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer. Being often underreported, it is still difficult to precisely establish their burden in terms of both patient's quality of life and cancer care costs. Moreover, with the use of more intensive upfront combination regimens, the frequency of these toxicities is rapidly growing with a potential negative effect also on patient's outcome, as a result of dose reductions, delays or even discontinuation of active treatments. Thus, identifying patients at higher risk of developing GIT as well as an optimal management are paramount in order to improve patient's compliance and outcome. After the description of the main treatment-induced GIT, we discuss the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of these side effects and comment the scales commonly used to assess and grade them. We then provide a critical update on GIT incidence based on the results of key randomized trials conducted in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and advanced pancreatic cancer. | Giuseppe Aprile Karim Rihawi Elisa De Carlo Stephen T Sonis | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，41： | 7 |
| 18 | Dubin-Johnson syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report显示文摘BACKGROUND: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare clinical entity. We describe a case of DJS complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: A case of congenital hyperbilirubinemia with SLE was evaluated systematically including review of history, physical examination for the stigmata of chronic liver disease, and other investigations. RESULT: Liver biopsy revealed a black liver with preserved architecture suggestive of DJS. CONCLUSIONS: SLE may develop in DJS. The relationship between DJS and SLE in this case is most likely a chance occurrence. | Mamun-Al Mahtab Md. Fazal Karim Salimur Rahman Abul Barkat Muhammad Adnan | 2006 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2006，5，4： | 6 |
| 19 | CONTINUUM TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION FOR MONOLITHIC COMPLIANT MECHANISMS OF MICRO-ACTUATORS显示文摘为分布式的顺从的机制的结构的拓扑学优化的一个多客观的计划处于 MEMS 状况微致动器在这个工作,机械灵活性和结构的僵硬在是看作客观功能的两个被介绍。这样开发的 Thecompliant 微观机构不能仅仅提供足够的产量工作而且有足够的刚硬抵抗反应力量并且当保持 thework 片时,维持它的形状。过滤途径的密度也被建议绞链在产生 mechanisms.SIMP 发生消除象棋盘,连接的网孔相关性和一个节点那样的数字不稳定性被用作插值计划显示材料模量的依赖调整 onelement 的密度。顺序的凸的编程方法例如动人的渐近线(MMA ) 的方法,被用来解决优化问题。介绍方法论的确认被一个典型数字例子表明。 | Luo Zhen Du Yixian Chen Liping Yang Jingzhou Karim Abdel-Malek | 2006 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica2006，19，1： | 6 |
| 20 | Isolation and characterisation of human gingival margin-derived STRO-1/MACS^+ and MACS^-cell populations显示文摘Recently,gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells isolated via STRO-1/magnetic activated cell sorting(MACS) showed remarkable periodontal regenerative potential in vivo.As a second-stage investigation,the present study's aim was to perform in vitro characterisation and comparison of the stem/progenitor cell characteristics of sorted STRO-1-positive(MACS^+) and STRO-1-negative(MACS^-) cell populations from the human free gingival margin.Cells were isolated from the free gingiva using a minimally invasive technique and were magnetically sorted using anti-STRO-1 antibodies.Subsequently,the MACS^+ and MACS^- cell fractions were characterized by flow cytometry for expression of CD14,CD34,CD45,CD73,CD90,CD105,CD146/MUC18 and STRO-1.Colony-forming unit(CFU) and multilineage differentiation potential were assayed for both cell fractions.Mineralisation marker expression was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).MACS^+ and MACS- cell fractions showed plastic adherence.MACS^+ cells,in contrast to MACS- cells,showed all of the predefined mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell characteristics and a significantly higher number of CFUs(P<0.01).More than 95%of MACS^+ cells expressed CD105,CD90 and CD73;lacked the haematopoietic markers CD45,CD34 and CD14,and expressed STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18.MACS- cells showed a different surface marker expression profile,with almost no expression of CD14 or STRO-1,and more than 95%of these cells expressed CD73,CD90 and CD146/MUC18,as well as the haematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 and CD105.MACS^+ cells could be differentiated along osteoblastic,adipocytic and chondroblastic lineages.In contrast,MACS- cells demonstrated slight osteogenic potential.Unstimulated MACS^+ cells showed significantly higher expression of collagen I(P<0.05) and collagen III(P<0.01),whereas MACS^- cells demonstrated higher expression of osteonectin(P<0.05;MannWhitney).The present study is the first to compare gingival MACS^+ and MACS- cell populations demonstrating that MACS^+ cells,in contrast to MACS- cells,harbour stem/progenitor cell characteristics.This study also validates the effectiveness of the STRO-l/MACS^+technique for the isolation of gingival stem/progenitor cells.Human free gingival margin-derived STRO-1/MACS^+ cells are a unique renewable source of multipotent stem/progenitor cells. | Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed Sebastian Paris Christian Graetz Neemat Kassem Mohamed Mekhemar Hendrick Ungefroren Fred Fndrich Christof Drfer | 2015 | International Journal of Oral Science2015，7，2： | 6 |
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