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| 1 | Effects of creep feeding and supplemental glutamine or glutamine plus glutamate (Aminogut) on pre- and post-weaning growth performance and intestinal health of piglets显示文摘Background: Creep feeding is used to stimulate piglet post-weaning feed consumption.L-Glutamine(GLN) is an important source of fuel for intestinal epithelial cells.The objective of this study was to determine the impact of creep feeding and adding GLN or AminoGut(AG;containing glutamine + glutamate) to pre-and post-weaning diets on pig performance and intestinal health.Litters(N = 120) were allotted to four treatments during 14–21 d of lactation: 1) No creep feed(NC,n = 45);2) creep fed control diet(CFCD,n = 45);3) creep fed 1% GLN(CFGLN,n = 15);4) creep fed.88% AG(CFAG,n = 15).After weaning,the NC and CFCD groups were sub-divided into three groups(n = 15 each),receiving either a control nursery diet(NC-CD,CFCD-CD) or a diet supplemented with either GLN(NC-GLN,CFCD-GLN) or with AG(NC-AG,CFCD-AG).Litters that were creep fed with diets containing GLN or AG also were supplemented with those amino acids in the nursery diets(CFGLN-GLN,CFAG-AG).Glutamine was added at 1% in all three post-weaning diet phases and AG was added at.88% in phase 1 and 2 and at.66% in phase 3.Results: Feed conversion(feed/gain) showed means among treatment means close to significance(P = 0.056) and Tukey's test for pairwise mean comparisons showed that Pigs in the CFGLN-GLN group had the best feed conversion(feed/gain) in the first three-week period post-weaning,exceeding(P = 0.044) controls(CFCD-CD) by 34%.The NC-AG group had(P = 0.02) the greatest feed intake in the last three week of the study,exceeding controls(CFCD-CD) by 12%.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and sow reared(SR) pigs had the greatest(P = 0.049) villi height exceeding the CFCD-AG group by 18%,20% and 19% respectively.The CFAG-AG group had the deepest(P = 0.001) crypts among all treatments.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and SR groups had the greatest(P = 0.001) number of cells proliferating(PCNA) exceeding those in the NC-CD group by 43%,54% and 63% respectively.Sow reared pigs showed the greatest(P = 0.001) intestinal absorption capacity for xylose and mannitol.Conclusion: Supplementation of creep feed and nursery diets with GLN and/or AminoGut in the first three week improved feed conversion possibly due to improved intestinal health. | Rafael A Cabrera James L Usry Consuelo Arrellano Eduardo T Nogueira Marianne Kutschenko Adam J Moeser Jack Odle | 2013 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2013，4，3： | 17 |
| 2 | Residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis with failed allograft and minimum immunosuppression显示文摘Immunosuppression(IS) is often withdrawn in patients with end stage renal disease secondary to a failed renal allograft, and this can lead to an accelerated loss of residual renal function(RRF). As maintenance of RRF appears to provide a survival benefit to peritoneal dialysis(PD) patients, it is not clear whether this benefit of maintaining RRF in failed allograft patients returning to PD outweigh the risks of maintaining IS. A 49 year-old Caucasian male developed progressive allograft failure nine years after living-donor renal transplantation. Hemodialysis was initiated via tunneled dialysis catheter(TDC) and IS was gradually withdrawn. Two weeksafter IS withdrawal he developed a febrile illness, which necessitate removal of the TDC and conversion to PD. He was maintained on small dose of tacrolimus(1 mg/d) and prednisone(5 mg/d). Currently(1 year later) he is doing exceedingly well on cycler-assisted PD. Residual urine output ranges between 600-1200 m L/d. Total weekly Kt/V achieved 1.82. RRF remained well preserved in this patient with failed renal allograft with minimal immunosuppressive therapy. This strategy will need further study in well-defined cohorts of PD patients with failed allografts and residual RRF to determine efficacy and safety. | Nadear Elmahi éva Csongrádi Kenneth Kokko Jack R Lewin Jamie Davison Tibor Fülp | 2013 | World Journal of Transplantation2013，3，2： | 5 |
| 3 | Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger age.AIM To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with T2D.METHODS A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 years.Anthropometric and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood pressure.Univariable and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk factor.RESULTS A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in life.Participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older age.Modelling results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other confounders.Younger age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile,compared to those diagnosed later in life. | Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann Emma L Redman David R Webb Emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant | 2022 | World Journal of Diabetes2022，13，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Increasing diabetes self-management education in community settings显示文摘 | Susan L Norris Phyllis J Nichols Carl J Caspersen Russell E Glasgow Michael M Engelgau Leonard Jack Susan R Snyder Vilma G Carande-Kulis George Isham Sanford Garfield Peter Briss David McCulloch | 2002 | American Journal of Preventive Medicine2002，，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Analysis and modeling of the steady state behavior of static kramer induction generator显示文摘 | Refoufi L A1 Zahawi B A T Jack A G | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion1999，14，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Laser Warning Receiver Based on Coherence Discrimination显示文摘 | V A Manasson L S Sadovnik Jack H Parker | 1996 | Proceedings of IEEE1996，2，： | 1 |
| 7 | Can Mutual Funds Outguess the Market? 显示文摘 | Jack L Treynor Kay K Mazuy | 1966 | Havard Business Review1966，44，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Electrohydraulic Pressure Control 显示文摘 | Jack L Johnson P E | 2005 | Hydraulics & Pneumatics2005，，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Hilton Navigating the Dentin Bond Strength Testing Higb_ way : Lessons and Recommendations显示文摘 | Jack L Ferracane J Fernanda P | 2009 | Journal of Adhesion Science and Tech nology2009，23，： | 1 |
| 10 | Spherosome membranes 显示文摘 | Yatsu L Y Jacks T J | 1972 | Plant Physiology1972，49，6： | 1 |
| 11 | An object-oriented random number package with many long streams and substreams显示文摘 | L’ECUYER P Simard R Jack C | 2002 | Operations Research2002，，2： | 1 |
| 12 | 显示文摘 | Jack L | 2000 | Journal of Immunological Methods2000，234，： | 1 |
| 13 | Feature generation using genetic programming with application to fault classification显示文摘 | Guo H Jack L B Nandi A K | 2005 | IEEE Transaction on System Man and Cybernetics2005，35，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Determining Lyapunov Exponents from a Time Series显示文摘 | Alan W Jack B S Harry L S | 1985 | Physica D1985，16，： | 1 |
| 15 | Biological souring and mitigation in oil reservoirs 显示文摘 | Gieg L M Jack T R Foght J M | 2011 | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology2011，92，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Self-reported abstinence effects in the first month after smoking cessation显示文摘 | WARD M M SWAN G E JACK L M | 2001 | Addict Behav2001，26，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Iodide Dealkylation of Benzyl,PMB,PNB,and t-Butyl N-acyl Amino Acid Esters via Lithium Ion Coordination显示文摘 | Jack W Fisher Kristina L Trinkle | 1994 | Tetrahedron Lett1994，35，： | 1 |
| 18 | The K domain mediates heterodimerization of the Arabidopsis floral organ identity proteins ,APETALA3 and PISTILLATA 显示文摘 | YANG Y FANNING L JACK T | 2003 | Plant J2003，33，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Tectonostratigraphic development of the Interior Sudan Rifts,Central Africa显示文摘 | TIM R Mchargue TOM L Heidrick JACK E Livingston | 1992 | Tectonophysics1992，21，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Volume flexible stralegics in health services: a research framework显示文摘 | Jack E P Powers T L | 2004 | Production and Operations Management2004，，13： | 1 |
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